Go homepage(回首页)
Upload pictures (上传图片)
Write articles (发文字帖)

The author:(作者)delv
published in(发表于) 2012/5/11 1:22:11
1997 years ago the Philippines never put forward HuangYanDao sovereignty request

China's vast territory in the south China sea edge, there was a daily fresh concern saved ring, called the HuangYanDao. Here is our country the zhongsha islands only in the above the water of islands, even at high tide also can see many island stone out of the water, there are ten ones to square meters, as outsiders is on the sea city wash basin.
For centuries, Chinese fishermen here have to fishing. But, April 10, to HuangYanDao normal operation of Chinese fishing boats in the unexpected encounter the Philippines warships interference, and leading to the Philippines in a standoff between the sea and the diplomatic storm. By the time of our newspaper 18, time, the Philippines in HuangYanDao waters of all kinds of ships gathered has reached more than 20 ship.
Philip continuously to make all kinds of "minor"
On April 10, the Philippines has a ship into the south China sea naval ships HuangYanDao China sea, and in the so-called "maintaining sovereignty" under the banner of the China HuangYanDao stops at a shelter for XiRao fishing boats and prepare to catch buckle. That news, the state oceanic administration sent is near HuangYanDao quickly execute regularly south China sea cruise law enforcement task of China 'HaiJian 84, 75 ship to the sea formation of the Chinese fishing boat and fishermen implement site protection.
So, do not take any weapons HaiJian Philippine navy ship and China's largest, "the most advanced" "del finish Lamar, in a long time HuangYanDao waters warships confrontation. April 16,, the Chinese embassy spokesman disclosed in the Philippines, when the waters have warship, official ship and fishing boats, the situation is more complicated. To avoid things expand, the Chinese fishing boat April 13, leave HuangYanDao waters, however FeiFang did not evacuated. By April 18 day night, in the waters of the Philippines all kinds of ships is still more than 20 ship.
More surprising, and a ship "archaeological boat" into the HuangYanDao within the lake in the so-called "archaeological salvage operations". "She was carrying some phillips. This not only infringe upon HaiJing personnel Chinese rights violation of relevant international conventions, and these things, FeiFang expand of behavior that the Chinese side of the situation to highly worried." The spokesman said.
April 18,, Chinese vice foreign minister FuYing interview again murphy embassy for temporary, HuangYanDao waters around the nervousness situation made representations. FuYingCeng in 15, emergency temporary appointment the Philippines do STH for sb.
At present, both sides of the diplomatic communication is continuous, but the outcome, temporarily unpredictable, because the outside world is not clear the real intention of the Philippines, also can't rule out the possibility of more provocative launched behavior.
Let a person feel incredibly, according to AFP 17 days of reports, the Philippine coast guard "Ed" "arrived in HuangYanDao, sea, and replace the BaLaWang" date, and the ship "Ed", a white flag was flying the, the Philippines official explanation is to hang a white flag is want to "express a peaceful solution will" greetings.
AFP so critics said, although the Philippines has spoken to resolve the dispute through diplomatic channels, but still little affectations constantly. American media commentary said, the "HuangYanDao confrontation" is in recent years in China and the Philippines in the south China sea happen "the most dangerous against".
HuangYanDao has been in China under the jurisdiction of the government
HuangYanDao is located in 15 · 07 'north latitude, longitude 117 · 51' coordinates point, is apart from the ShaHuan reef in about 160 nm, at the same time, the Philippines LiShi province three draw distance of the nearest for 124 nm. Although HuangYanDao called island, but the actual is an appearance of an isosceles triangle saved a right Angle, is there a web of rock, distribution, is apart from water surface and a half meters to 3 m.
These rocks wai became an area of about 130 square kilometers, water depth 10 meters to 20 meters of lake, HuDong south end has a wide is about 400 meters of waterways and linked to the coast. According to information, two Chinese ship HaiJian ship will stop at that time in the HuangYanDao only near lake blooms, spans in Chinese fishing boat and the Philippines among ships, effectively prevent the "del finish lal" th Chinese fishermen catch the action.
According to the Chinese mission to the Philippine embassy released documents show, HuangYanDao sea area is our country fishermen of the traditional fishing places. Since ancient times, our country is often to HuangYanDao fishing waters fishery production activities. And because of its geographic location, geological structure is unique, Chinese fishermen have been using HuangYanDao 澙 lake avoid bad weather, don't want this one is diplomatic incident draws.
Historical data record, as early as in 1279, the famous astronomer GuoShouJing decree in "universal test", he was in the south China sea choice is in the HuangYanDao points. It shows that, at least in the yuan dynasty China had found that the HuangYanDao. And at the time, the Philippine islands region is not a unified regime, let alone HuangYanDao development and utilization.
In January 1935, the Chinese government by the interior ministry, the ministry of foreign affairs, the marines and the ministry of education and other authorities to land and water area of the review committee announced the 132 south sea islands a reef beach, HuangYanDao with "kappa, LuoJiao" in the name of the part of the islands as the sand on the Chinese territory.
In October 1947, the Chinese government for approval and publish the name of the old and new south sea islands in the table, will "kappa, LuoJiao" renamed "democratic reef". In 1983 China places committee announced by authorized "south China sea islands part place names", will HuangYanDao as standard name, at the same time to "democratic reef" acted as the name.
The Chinese government official map will be published HuangYanDao standard for China's territory. HuangYanDao has been continuously in the guangdong province, under the jurisdiction of hainan province, the hainan province in the southwest sand islands belong to the jurisdiction of the office. The Chinese government about the islands sovereignty announcement harmony for all pointed out that HuangYanDao territorial sovereignty belong to China, all this far earlier than 1994 of United Nations convention effect.
1997 years ago the Philippines has never put forward sovereignty request
In recent years, the Philippines as so-called "legal basis" for, such as the south China sea to HuangYanDao requesting sovereignty. To this, the Chinese embassy in the Philippine embassy said, the Philippines territory of component and range is determined by a series of international treaties, with no will HuangYanDao into the Philippines territory.
The treaty include 1898 of "beautiful west the treaty of Paris, 1900's" beautiful west Washington treaty "and 1930's" American and British treaty, etc, are clearly define the boundaries of the Philippines in the western territory east longitude 118 · as a border, is located in the east longitude 117 · 51 'HuangYanDao natural in this beyond the range. The next 1935 years the Philippines in 1952 the constitution, the Philippines beauty military alliance treaty and the Philippines in 1968 about the fixed to the baselines of the territorial many legal documents are also has reiterated that the three earliest treaty legal effectiveness, once again, clearly the territory is not including HuangYanDao.
The Philippines CAI admiralty Chinese to the international herald herald "provide a 1967 version of the Philippines official map, it clearly shows that the, called", one of the "le reef" HuangYanDao in Philippine sea west of the western border, not in its territorial area. Even published in 2000 in the Philippines in the map, HuangYanDao still standard in the Philippines so-called "borderline" away. And the Philippines in 1997 years ago have never for the Chinese government to exercise sovereignty HuangYanDao raised any objection.
The changing quietly things should be back to 1994.
That year, of United Nations convention after the effective promulgated, the Philippines HuangYanDao located in its 200 miles in the exclusive economic zone, citing HuangYanDao claims to have jurisdiction over the ocean, and gradually strengthen in the HuangYanDao on the question of the action.
In 1997, the Philippine navy destroyed in 1990 in China HuangYanDao establishment of the sovereignty of the sign, and regularly in the waters around harassment Chinese fishermen and amateur radio. In may, the Philippines congress on HuangYanDao, and up the Philippine flag, declare the so-called "sovereignty."
Not too many days, a Philippine navy patrol ship in the 11000 meters HuangYanDao stopped a ship pass by this place of Chinese fishing boats, and detained the ship of 21 Chinese fishermen. The court by the Philippines, the fishermen in the same year July 9 was acquitted.
In our reporter learned about the judgment, the presiding judge in the case the Philippines said: according to the Philippines no. 1599 issued by the ZongTongLing, sea exclusive economic zone boundary dispute, should through the relevant parties confirmed through negotiation. In view of the Chinese fishermen of 21 was arrested in place to belong to two countries Philip disputed waters, and the two countries did not exclusive economic zone appeared to boundary problem, so Chinese fishermen invading the Philippines accusations of illegal territory not have legal basis. But since then, the Philippine navy in HuangYanDao around the sea action but intense, more and more Chinese fishermen from the Philippines in the navy intercepted and arrested.
On February 17, 2009, the Philippines congress through the baselines of the territorial bill, will China's HuangYanDao and the nansha islands as part of the edge territory, tried to legislation form will be illegal possession of the territory other behavior legalized.
According to the Chinese embassy in the Philippines is introduced, the rule is the international law of sea land the basic principles. The United Nations convention on the coastal states allowed to build 200 though sea exclusive economic zone, but coastal states has no right to harm other countries so the inherent territorial sovereignty. The United Nations convention on the territorial sovereignty to change the ownership of the ideas and methods is contrary to international law, including the United Nations convention on the purposes and principles of the.
The United States keep silence to the Philippines down
In fact, HuangYanDao and is not a suitable for human habitation of rock. Since it is so, why should the Philippines trouble, tried to rob to HuangYanDao sovereignty?
From HuangYanDao itself look, according to the United Nations convention on the law of the provisions of article 121 of HuangYanDao belong to above the water at high tide, natural form the land area, and not hidden in the bottom of sand bars at or reefs, so its sovereign enjoy 12 territorial sea and 12 sea sea contiguous zone.
From geography position looking, HuangYanDao is the east gate of the zhongsha islands, 126 miles from the Philippines SuBiKeWan, is apart from the capital, Manila and only 350 kilometers. HuangYanDao waters of the sea passage is not only important, and is an important strategic position. Control HuangYanDao, can expand the Philippines navy activity space, use the nearby U.S. from subic base withdrawing the left after a shooting range navy.
From economic Angle, this piece of sea area is the fishermen's traditional fishing area, the economic value is higher tuna, red guppy and shellfish and so on many kinds of seafood, coral resources also very rich.
Have analysts, the Philippines on the south China sea constantly improve tone, is like have multiple consider: one is the government's o in order to cater to the nationalist; 2 it is the military wanted to increase spending on armaments; Three is preempted opinion advantage, for the Philippines next development of the south China sea to win sympathy and support; 4 it is to hold tightly to the United States.
Since last year the United States secretary of state Hillary Clinton put forward the United States "to return to the" asia-pacific strategy, Manila couldn't wait to act as a "pioneer", on the south China sea frequently action, not only to the United States and a joint military exercise, also recently put forward and Vietnam in the south China sea joint patrols. In fact, the Philippines HaiKongJun forces are weak, but many people feel that the Philippines things make big natural to have the United States to help out.
But to their disappointment, HuangYanDao confrontation after the incident, the United States officials keep silent. Although including the President's foreign minister, o del rosario's top officials, has repeatedly said confrontation storm does not need the third countries intervention, but many people still on the United States the response was very is confused. Senator gregorio · HuoNa mulberry in accept the Philippine daily the examiner newspaper interview said: "why the United States this time abnormal silence? In that case, we signed with the United States the mutual defense treaty and what use?"
(在中国广袤的南海领土边缘，有一处平日里鲜受关注的环形礁盘，名为黄岩岛。这里也是我国中沙群岛中唯一露出水面的岛屿，即使涨潮时也能看到不少岛石露出水面，大者有十来平方米，小者则如同倒扣在海面上的脸盆。
几个世纪以来，中国渔民都曾前往这里捕鱼为生。但是，4月10日，前往黄岩岛正常作业的中国渔船却意外遭遇菲律宾军舰的干扰，并继而引发了中菲之间的一场海上对峙和外交风波。截至18日本报发稿时间，菲律宾在黄岩岛海域聚集的各种舰只已经达到20余艘。
菲不断搞出各种“小动作”
4月10日，有一艘菲律宾海军军舰闯入南海中国黄岩岛海域，并在所谓“维护主权”的旗号下对避风停靠在黄岩岛的中国渔船进行袭扰并准备抓扣。得知消息后，国家海洋局迅速派出正在黄岩岛附近执行南海定期维权巡航执法任务的中国海监84、75船编队赶赴该海域，对中方渔船和渔民实施现场保护。
于是，不带任何武器的中国海监船与菲律宾海军最大、“最先进”的“德尔毕拉尔”号军舰在黄岩岛水域长时间对峙。4月16日，中国驻菲律宾大使馆发言人披露，当时事发海域有军舰、公务船和渔船，情况比较复杂。为避免事态扩大，中国渔船于4月13日离开黄岩岛海域，然而菲方并未撤离。截止4月18日晚，在该海域的菲律宾各类船只仍有20余艘。
更令人惊讶的是，还有一艘“考古船”进入黄岩岛澙湖内开展所谓“考古打捞作业”。“船上载有若干菲海警人员。这不仅侵犯中方权益，而且违反相关国际公约，菲方这些扩大事态的举动，令中方对局势的走向高度担忧。”该发言人表示。
4月18日，中国外交部副部长傅莹再次约谈菲驻华使馆临时代办，就围绕黄岩岛海域出现的紧张局势提出交涉。傅莹曾于15日紧急约见菲律宾临时代办。
目前，双方的外交沟通正在持续进行中，但结果如何，暂时难以预料，因为外界并不清楚菲律宾的真实意图，也不能排除菲律宾发起更具挑衅性行为的可能性。
让人感到不可思议的是，据法新社17日报道，菲律宾海岸警卫队“埃德赛”号抵达黄岩岛海域，替换“巴拉望”号，而这艘“埃德赛”号悬挂的是白旗，菲律宾官方的解释是挂白旗是想“表达和平解决的意愿”云云。
法新社因此评论说，虽然菲律宾口头上宣称愿意通过外交途径解决纠纷，但仍小动作不断。美国媒体评论说，此次“黄岩岛对峙”是近年来中菲在南海发生的“最危险对抗”。
黄岩岛一直处于中国政府管辖下
黄岩岛位于北纬15·07′，东经117·51′的坐标点上，距中沙环礁约160海里，同时距离菲律宾三描礼士省的最近距离为124海里。虽然黄岩岛名为岛屿，但实际是一个外形呈等腰直角三角形的礁盘，四周有星罗棋布的礁石分布，距水面半米到三米不等。
这些礁石围成了一个面积约130平方公里、水深10米到20米的澙湖，澙湖东南端有一个宽约400米的水道与外海相连。据了解，两艘中国海监船当时就停在这个黄岩岛澙湖唯一出海口附近，横亘在中国渔船和菲律宾军舰中间，有效地阻止了“德尔毕拉尔”号抓捕中国渔民的行动。
据中国驻菲律宾使馆公布的材料显示，黄岩岛海域是我国渔民的传统捕鱼场所。自古以来，我国渔船就经常赴黄岩岛海域进行渔业生产活动。而由于其地理位置优越、地质构造独特，中国渔民很早就开始利用黄岩岛澙湖躲避恶劣天气，不想这一次却引来外交风波。
史料记载，早在1279年，元代著名天文学家郭守敬奉旨进行“四海测验”时，他在南海选择的测量点就位于黄岩岛。这说明，至少在元朝中国就已发现了黄岩岛。而在当时，菲律宾群岛地区还没有一个统一的政权，更谈不上开发利用黄岩岛。
1935年1月，中国政府由内政部、外交部、海军部和教育部等官方机构派员组成的水陆地区审查委员会公布南海诸岛的132个岛礁沙滩，黄岩岛以“斯卡巴罗礁”之名作为中沙群岛的一部分列入了中国版图。
1947年10月，中国政府核定和公布的南海诸岛新旧名称对照表中，将“斯卡巴罗礁”更名为“民主礁”。1983年中国地名委员会授权对外公布“我国南海诸岛部分地名”时，将黄岩岛作为标准名称，同时以“民主礁”为副名。
中国历代政府出版的官方地图均将黄岩岛标为中国领土。黄岩岛一直不间断地在中国广东省、海南省的管辖下，目前属于海南省西南中沙群岛办事处管辖。中国政府关于南海诸岛主权公告和声明中均指出，黄岩岛领土主权属于中国，这一切远早于1994年《联合国海洋法公约》生效。
1997年前菲律宾从未提出主权要求
近年来，菲律宾以所谓“法律依据”为由，向黄岩岛等中国南海领土提出主权要求。对此，中国驻菲律宾大使馆表示，菲律宾领土的组成和范围正是由一系列国际条约确定的，其中无一将黄岩岛纳入菲领土范围。
这些条约包括1898年的《美西巴黎条约》、1900年的《美西华盛顿条约》和1930年的《英美条约》等，皆明确规定了菲领土的西部界限以东经118·为界，地处东经117·51′的黄岩岛自然在此范围之外。此后的1935年菲律宾宪法、1952年菲美军事同盟条约和1968年菲律宾关于领海基线的修正令等诸多法律文件也都先后重申了三个最早条约的法律效力，再次明确了其领土范围并不包括黄岩岛。
菲律宾华人蔡金钟向《国际先驱导报》提供了一张1967年版菲律宾官方地图，上面清楚地显示，被称作“斯卡伯勒礁”的黄岩岛位于菲律宾西部海上国界以西，并不在其领土范围之内。甚至2000年出版的菲律宾地图上，黄岩岛仍然标在菲律宾所谓“国境线”之外。而菲律宾在1997年以前也从未对中国政府对黄岩岛行使主权提出过任何异议。
事态的悄然转变应追溯至1994年。
是年，《联合国海洋法公约》颁布生效后，菲律宾以黄岩岛位于其200海里专属经济区为由，宣称对黄岩岛享有海洋管辖权，并逐步加强在黄岩岛问题上的动作。
1997年，菲律宾海军破坏了中国1990年在黄岩岛设立的主权标志，并经常性地在附近海域骚扰中国渔民和无线电爱好者。当年5月，菲律宾国会议员登上黄岩岛，并竖起菲律宾国旗，宣示所谓的“主权”。
未过多日，一艘菲律宾海军巡逻艇在黄岩岛外11千米处截住一艘路过此地的中国渔船，并拘留了船上21名中国渔民。经菲律宾法庭审判，这些渔民于当年7月9日被判无罪释放。
在本报记者获知的这份判决书上，主审此案的菲律宾法官表示:根据菲律宾颁布的1599号总统令，海上专属经济区边界存在争议时，应通过相关各方协商一致后加以确定。鉴于21名中国渔民的被捕地点属于中菲两国存在争议的海域，且两国尚未就专属经济区边界问题做出定论，因此中国渔民非法侵入菲律宾领土的指控不存在法律依据。但此后，菲律宾海军在黄岩岛附近海域的行动却变本加厉，越来越多的中国渔民在此处遭到菲海军的拦截和拘捕。
2009年2月17日，菲律宾国会通过领海基线法案，将中国的黄岩岛和南沙群岛部分岛礁划为菲律宾领土，企图以立法形式将非法占有他国领土的行为合法化。
据中国驻菲使馆的介绍，陆地统治海洋是国际海洋法的基本原则。《联合国海洋法公约》虽允许沿海国建立200海里专属经济区，但沿海国无权因此损害其他国的固有领土主权。以《联合国海洋法公约》去改变领土主权归属的想法和做法是违反国际法、包括《联合国海洋法公约》的宗旨和原则的。
美国保持沉默令菲律宾失望
其实，黄岩岛并不是一个适合人类居住的礁群。既然如此，菲律宾为什么要大费周章、企图抢去黄岩岛主权呢？
从黄岩岛本身看，按《联合国海洋法公约》第121条的规定，黄岩岛属于在涨潮时高于水面、自然形成的陆地区域，而不是终年隐藏于水底的沙洲或暗礁，因此其主权国享有12海里领海和12海里毗连区。
从地理位置看，黄岩岛是中沙群岛的东大门，距离菲律宾苏比克湾126海里，距其首都马尼拉也只有350公里。黄岩岛海域不仅是重要的海上通道，同时具有重要的战略地位。控制住黄岩岛，能够扩展菲律宾海军的活动空间，利用附近美军从苏比克基地撤走后留下的海军靶场。
从经济角度讲，这片海域是渔民的传统捕鱼区，盛产经济价值较高的金枪鱼、红鱼和贝类等多种海产品，珊瑚资源也颇为丰富。
有分析人士认为，菲律宾在南海问题上不断提高声调，似有多重考虑:一是阿基诺政府为了迎合国内的民族主义情绪;二是军方希望借此增加军备开支;三是抢占舆论优势，为菲律宾下一步的南海开发赢得同情和支持;四是借此紧紧拉住美国。
自去年美国国务卿希拉里提出美国“重返”亚太战略后，马尼拉就迫不及待地充当起“急先锋”，在南海问题上动作频频，不仅要和美国举行联合军演，最近还提出和越南在南海联合巡逻。其实，菲律宾的海空军力量都很薄弱，只是不少菲律宾人觉得事情闹大了自然会有美国出手相助。
但令他们失望的是，黄岩岛对峙事件发生后，美国官方一直保持沉默。虽然包括总统阿基诺和外长德尔罗萨里奥在内的菲高层官员屡次表示对峙风波并不需要第三国干预，但许多菲律宾人仍对美国的反应很是不解。参议员格雷戈里奥·霍纳桑在接受《菲律宾每日问询者报》采访时就说:“为什么美国这回异常沉默呢？这样的话，我们跟美国签的《共同防御条约》又有什么用？”)

赞

If you have any requirements, please contact webmaster。(如果有什么要求，请联系站长)




QQ:154298438
QQ:417480759