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published in(发表于) 2013/2/5 18:35:12
The taliban funds

2011 year, the taliban have earnings of $400 million. Source of funds is very "mix build",Both the social donation,Also has the Afghan poppy cultivation of tax revenue,To Afghanistan and merchants and drug traffickers shark come "wealth".In addition,The taliban also from foreign to Afghanistan's benefit development aid.
The report is calculated to March 2012 so far,12 months taliban can trace to income.
Between 1996 and 2001,The taliban have control across Afghanistan,The establishment of a "Afghan islamic emirate". During this period,The United Nations has started to implement extreme religious ruling taliban regime on the economic sanctions.Although in the United States military intervention in Afghanistan,The regime collapsed.But the taliban in the folk influence still exists.Hiding in the mountains in a few years,The taliban rely on opium trade activities for money.Developed so far,The taliban in Afghanistan network cover 70% of the area,And the actual control of the area of the tax.The taliban ruling history makes today's taliban organization unprecedented complete and formal,"Economic committee in charge of the organization's economic power,And directly to the taliban leader is responsible for.
Drug business to bring the economic profits of the considerable.The organization from the drug production and sales of all links can profit:It controls the national more than 96% of the poppy fields,Poppy cultivation to charge up to 10% of the agricultural tax,
At the same time also to opium and heroin manufacturing factory collection of huge tax,To drug cartel collection of protection.In addition,By some taliban asylum drug tycoon will contribute to the number of a donation.The taliban and drug production has become the inseparable combination.
Only 2011 to 2012 period, the taliban in the drug industry chain of the revenues have almost 100 million dollars. And the gross output value of drugs in between $3.6 billion and $4 billion. The United Nations report concluded that the taliban and not going to bleed white drugs this one source of income. It is an indication that the drug trade in the future may give the more financial support.
"Tax" is the taliban another important income. In the group control of many areas, it is just like the local government to small business owners and retailers collection of 10% of the "tax", to the rich collection of 2.5% of the "wealth tax". Involved in industries, including electric power, water conservancy, transportation, mining and so on, almost covering the Afghan national economy all the important industry.
The international community and international organizations to Afghanistan's aid and construction projects, also became one of the sources of funding. The United Nations economic sanctions expert points out, the taliban from the international society for Afghanistan's development fund to provide benefit a lot. Funded by the United States and other countries of the project, if you want to far away from the taliban of harassment, you must pay 10% to 20% unequal protection money. In some projects, the taliban will negotiate the amount of protection and builders.
Donation enriches the coffers of the taliban. Such donations have active the cent with passivity. Taliban spokesman told British sky news, they get from the British Muslim brotherhood of the donation is the biggest overseas capital source. When overseas donation is not enough to maintain the armed groups overhead, its officials will give local Afghan taipan write, asking them to donate, the merchant prince never refused, only quietly put the money in the taliban in the purse.

(2011年一年里，塔利班就有4亿美元的进账。资金来源非常“混搭”，既有社会捐赠，也有阿富汗罂粟种植的税收，还有向阿富汗商人和贩毒者敲诈来得“不义之财”。除此之外，塔利班组织还从外国对阿富汗的发展资助中获益。
这份报告计算的是到2012年3月为止，12个月内塔利班可以追查到的收入。1996年至2001年期间，塔利班曾经控制阿富汗全境，建立了“阿富汗伊斯兰酋长国”。这期间，联合国就已经开始对实施极端宗教统治的塔利班政权进行经济制裁了。虽然在美国军事干预阿富汗后，这个政权垮台了，但塔利班在民间的影响力仍然存在。在藏匿于深山的几年中，塔利班组织依靠鸦片贸易获得活动资金。发展至今，塔利班的网络覆盖阿富汗70%的地区，并实际控制了这些地区的税收。塔利班执政的历史使今天的塔利班组织机构空前完整和正规，“经济委员会”掌管这个组织的经济大权，并直接向塔利班领袖负责。
毒品生意给塔利班带来的经济收益相当可观。该组织从毒品生产到销售的全部环节都能谋利：它控制了全国96%以上的罂粟田，对罂粟的种植收取高达10%的“农业税”，同时也向鸦片和海洛因制造工厂征收巨额税款，向贩毒集团征收保护费。此外，一些受塔利班庇护的毒品大亨还会对塔利班贡献数目惊人的捐款。塔利班与毒品生产已成为了不可分割的组合。
仅2011年到2012年期间，塔利班在毒品产业链中获得的收益就有差不多1亿美元。而该国毒品总产值在36亿到40亿美元之间。联合国报告由此得出结论，塔利班并没有打算榨干毒品这条财路。这就预示了毒品贸易在未来可能会给塔利班更大的资金支持。
“税收”是塔利班的另一项重要收入。在该组织控制的许多地区，它就像地方政府一样向小企业主和零售商征收10%的“营业税”，向富人征收2.5%的“财富税”。涉及行业包括电力、水利、交通运输、采矿业等，几乎覆盖了阿富汗国民经济的所有重要产业。
国际社会和国际组织对阿富汗的援助和建设项目，也成了塔利班的资金来源之一。联合国经济制裁专家指出，塔利班从国际社会为阿富汗提供的发展基金中获利颇多。由美国和其他国家资助的工程，如果想远离塔利班的骚扰，就必须缴纳10%至20%不等的保护费。在一些项目中，塔利班组织还会和建筑商协商保护费的金额。
捐款也充实了塔利班的金库。这样的捐赠有主动与被动之分。塔利班组织发言人曾告诉英国天空新闻台，他们从英国穆斯林兄弟那里获得的捐款是最大的海外资金来源。当海外的捐款不足以维持这个武装组织的开销时，它的高层人员会给阿富汗当地富商写信，要求他们捐赠，这些富商从来不敢拒绝，只能乖乖地把钱放到塔利班的钱袋里。)
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