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published in(发表于) 2013/4/4 8:55:17
Scientists have found evidence of dark matter exists

Scientists have found evidence of dark matter exists


Xinhua Beijing, April 4 (xinhua Wu Chen, Wang Zhao, Yang Jun, liujun) it everywhere, but no

trace to be found. Without it, there is no our universe, not to mention people today. It is

dark matter, a physics for more than half a century of mystery.

The mystery may be announced soon. 3, local time, Nobel Prize winner, Chinese American

physicist Ding Zhaozhong and alpha magnetic spectrometer announced the results of the

project team, let the human know dark matter is an important step on the road. Ding

Zhaozhong team with alpha magnetic spectrometer has found 400000 positrons, the positrons

may come from the human had been looking for dark matter.

Ding Zhaozhong team's report, published in the journal physical review letters that day. The

famous academic journals publish anonymous comments at the same time, new achievements have

"unprecedented sensitivity", though now we can't rule out other possibilities, but it

"strongly suggests that" people have been captured in the trace of dark matter.

NASA administrator Charles bolden 3 also said in a statement, the first alpha magnetic

spectrometer research "will help to promote the field of fundamental physics and

astrophysics understanding", "we look forward to more exciting results from the project".

There is a "Chinese core" in alpha magnetic spectrometer

3 Ding Zhaozhong team report, attach a long after the author list. Alpha magnetic

spectrometer project to assemble the global 54 scientific research institution of hundreds

of researchers, including the seventh is the DianGongSuo of Chinese academy of sciences of

China. Alpha magnetic spectrometer has a "Chinese core", it is the most key from cas

DianGongSuo large magnet.

That night, Ding Zhaozhong accept xinhua news agency reporters in the office, the alpha

magnetic spectrometer collected 400000 positrons, far beyond people's imagination. After

including the Fermi telescope project have been observed excessive positron phenomenon, but

the data error is large, compared to 1% of the error of the alpha magnetic spectrometer, "is

equivalent to the naked eye and precision difference microscope."

It should be said that the alpha magnetic spectrometer on the search for dark matter in the

process of setting out accomplishments. But how to turn a table into space the size of the

magnet has baffled scientists for nearly 40 years.

In the early 1960 s, Ding Zhaozhong will embark on a journey of search for dark matter. "My

idea is 2, 1994 in March, because I can do that in the late 60 s had experimented with

antimatter, later also often take into account the issue of dark matter, antimatter," Ding

Zhaozhong has previously said.

Until a chance, Ding Zhaozhong see in America a literature Institute of electrical

engineering papers of Chinese academy of sciences, found that can make a good magnet in

China, compared with other countries, Institute of electrical engineering scheme of

permanent magnets with light weight, no leakage, no dipole magnetic moment, and the

advantages of uniform magnetic field. Ding Zhaozhong brought it back to the United States,

won unanimous affirmation, then signed a cooperation contract with the Chinese.

"In recent 40 years can't solve the problem, finally by the Chinese academy of sciences

Institute of electrical engineering to solve," Ding Zhaozhong said, "if the lack of

scientists in China,I'm afraid how to put large magnets in space in the decades couldn't

solve the problem now."

In June 1998, alpha magnetic spectrometer magnetic spectrometer experiment project machine 1

finally take the "discovery" space shuttle launch 10 days, received a lot of important data,

its core is the permanent magnet system made in China.

In May 2011, the alpha magnetic spectrometer 2 pick up last bus shuttle, the international

space station began 20 years of exploration, its core is still the "made in China".

In addition to the permanent magnet system is made in China, magnetic spectrometer project

overall heat dissipation system, the trajectory of spacecraft thermal control system, can

the ground simulation system, the electromagnetic calorimeter developed the design of the

structure and the whole ground support equipment, also respectively by shandong university,

sun yat-sen university, southeast university and Chinese academy of sciences institute of

high energy physics or participate in the complete independently; And Taiwan zhongshan

academy of sciences is designed for magnetic spectrometer project run 10 times faster than

NASA's current system of electronic control system.

Standing in the search for dark matter

On May 16, 2011, the us space shuttle endeavour will be alpha magnetic spectrometer 2 sent

to the international space station. Alpha magnetic spectrometer, after 3 days to collect the

data back to the geneva-based control center. Is based on the latest research achievement,

the alpha magnetic spectrometer from May 2011 to December 2011, recorded 25 billion cosmic

rays.

To get the data is only the first step, to analyze huge data quantity is more critical. Ding

Zhaozhong had previously told the xinhua news agency, if each particle, each cosmic rays

through magnetic spectrometer is a data, then the magnetic spectrometer every data between 1

million and 10 million.

In China a large amount of data analysis for high-energy physics research institute of

Chinese academy of sciences, in addition, southeast university, zhongshan university and

shandong university and the Massachusetts institute of technology, university of aachen,

Germany, Italy, and France's scientific research institution and so on all have joined the

international cooperation projects.

In fact, the global scientific community for a long time the search for dark matter, and

beyond the alpha magnetic spectrometer. Purple mountain observatory, Chinese academy of

scientific research team is currently working with domestic counterparts, stepped up efforts

to develop "satellite" dark matter particles. Compared with the alpha magnetic spectrometer,

the satellite development in China costs less, light weight, is expected to make a

breakthrough in the field of detecting dark matter.

Search for dark matter, is not only a competition in national research institutions and

scientists, is also a cooperation, and Chinese scientists are among them is playing the more

wisdom and effort.

(
科学家发现暗物质存在的迹象

新华网2013-04-04 21:13


新华网北京4月4日电(记者吴陈、王昭、杨骏、刘军)它无所不在,却又无迹可寻。没有它就没有我们的

宇宙,更谈不上今天的人类。它就是暗物质,一个让物理学界追寻半个多世纪的谜。

这个谜可能很快揭晓。当地时间3日,诺贝尔奖获得者、华裔物理学家丁肇中及其阿尔法磁谱仪项目团队

宣布的成果,让人类在认识暗物质的道路上迈出重要一步。丁肇中团队借助阿尔法磁谱仪已发现40万个正

电子,这些正电子可能来自人类一直寻找的暗物质。

丁肇中团队的报告当天发表在《物理评论快报》上。这份著名的学术刊物同时刊发署名评论说,新成果具

有“史无前例的灵敏度”,尽管现在还不能排除其他可能性,但它“强烈暗示”人们已捕捉到了暗物质的

痕迹。

美国航天局局长查尔斯·博尔登3日也发表声明说,阿尔法磁谱仪首批研究成果“将有助于促进对基础物

理学和天体物理学领域新的理解”,“我们期盼更多来自这一项目的令人激动的成果”。

阿尔法磁谱仪有颗“中国芯”

3日发表的丁肇中团队报告,后附一份长长的作者名单。阿尔法磁谱仪项目荟萃了全球54个科研机构的数

百名研究人员,其中名列第七的是中国的中科院电工所。阿尔法磁谱仪有颗“中国芯”,它最关键的大型

磁体来自中科院电工所。

当天晚间,丁肇中在办公室接受新华社记者采访时说,目前阿尔法磁谱仪收集到40万个正电子,远远超出

人们的想象。此前包括美国费米望远镜等项目都曾观察到过量正电子现象,但数据误差很大,而阿尔法磁

谱仪的误差只有1%,“相当于肉眼和精密显微镜的区别。”

应该说,阿尔法磁谱仪在探寻暗物质的过程中立下了汗马功劳。但如何将一个桌子大小的磁体送入太空却

困扰了科学家近40年。

早在上世纪60年代,丁肇中就踏上了追寻暗物质的征程。“我的创意是1994年2、3月时提出的,因为我在

60年代末就做过反物质的实验,此后也经常考虑暗物质、反物质的问题,”丁肇中此前曾表示。

直到一次偶然的机会,丁肇中在美国一份文献中看到中科院电工所的论文,发现中国能制造很好的磁体,

与其他国家的方案相比,电工所的永磁体方案具有重量轻、无漏磁、无二极磁矩及磁场均匀等优点。丁肇

中把这一方案带回美国,获得一致肯定,随后与中方签署了合作合同。

“近40年无法解决的难题,最后还是由中科院电工所给解决了,”丁肇中说,“如果缺少了中国科学家,

如何将大型磁体放入太空这一几十年来的难题恐怕现在还无法解决。”

1998年6月,磁谱仪项目的实验机阿尔法磁谱仪1终于搭乘“发现”号航天飞机升空10天,获得了大量重要

数据,其核心部分就是中国制造的永磁体系统。

2011年5月,阿尔法磁谱仪2搭载最后一班航天飞机,在国际空间站开始长达20年的太空探索,其核心部分

仍是当年的“中国制造”。

除永磁体系统是中国制造外,磁谱仪项目的整体散热系统、轨迹探测器热控系统、地面模拟系统、电磁量

能器结构和地面总装支撑设备的设计研制,也分别由山东大学、中山大学、东南大学和中科院高能物理研

究所独立或参与完成;而台湾的中山科学院也为磁谱仪项目设计出了运行速度比美国航天局现行系统快10

倍的电子控制系统。

站在寻找暗物质的制高点

2011年5月16日,美国“奋进”号航天飞机将阿尔法磁谱仪2送至国际空间站。3天后,阿尔法磁谱仪收集

到的首批数据发回位于日内瓦的控制中心。这次最新公布的研究成果,就是基于阿尔法磁谱仪从2011年5

月至2012年12月记录的250亿个宇宙射线事件。

获取数据只是第一步,对庞大的数据量进行分析才更关键。丁肇中此前接受新华社记者采访时说,如果把

每个粒子、每道宇宙线经过磁谱仪都算一个数据,那么磁谱仪每天传回的数据都在100万至1000万个之间

中国的中科院高能物理研究所承担了大量数据分析工作,此外,东南大学、中山大学和山东大学与美国麻

省理工学院、德国亚琛大学、意大利和法国的科研机构等都加入了这一国际合作的大项目。

事实上,全球科学界长久以来对暗物质的探索并不止于阿尔法磁谱仪项目。中科院紫金山天文台的科研团

队目前正与国内同行合作,加紧研制“暗物质粒子探测卫星”。相比阿尔法磁谱仪,中国研制中的这种卫

星耗资少、重量轻,可望在暗物质探测领域取得突破。

探寻暗物质,既是各国科研机构和科学家的一场竞赛,也是一项合作,而中国科学家正在其中发挥着更多

的智慧与努力。

)




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