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The author:(作者)delvpublished in(发表于) 2013/10/29 2:00:30 Beijing today will be heard to stop over 3 minutes required provisions stalled
To reduce motor vehicle emissions in Beijing News, owner of stalling out the car parking for more than 3 minutes whether or not reasonable and feasible? 2 o'clock in the afternoon today, the Law Committee of the Beijing Municipal People's Congress of Beijing air pollution prevention and control regulations (draft) masses of legislative hearings on issues of universal concern.
It is understood that this legislative hearing the matter for a hearing: the Beijing air pollution prevention and control regulations (draft) in the 81st to "encourage eco-driving, reducing motor vehicle emissions. Without affecting normal traffic of a vehicle lot, promoting motor vehicle driver in parking for more than 3 minutes off when the engine "requirement is reasonable, feasible, and how to modify and enforce the law.
Municipal people's Congress said that hearing from citizens, municipal people's Congress will 8-10 people, experts and scholars to be heard statements, municipal urban construction environmental protection Office, the municipal people's Congress, the Legislative Affairs Office of the people's Congress, the Legislative Affairs Office of the municipal government, the municipal environmental protection Bureau officials will attend. In addition, there will be some members of the public and the relevant Department officers to attend.
Experiment
Idling significantly reduced the flameout tailpipe emissions
Previously, Beijing Jiaotong University to complete an auto start-stop experiments on effects of fuel consumption and vehicle emissions. Experiments have shown that contrast to flameout 90 seconds and 3 minutes idling, marked reduction in emissions and fuel consumption.
Laboratory has selected two 1.6-litre Jetta taxi, driving conditions are made of 3 minute mode (idle-engine stop-restart-engine idling), that is, let the experiment vehicle idling and stalling and then idling. One of them stalling time is 0 seconds, 3 minutes remained idle, stalling time of 90 seconds at a time, and in this regard were compared.
"Analysis"
Old car emissions effect is more significant
Led the experimental Powertrain technology key laboratory of new energy vehicles in Beijing, Zhang Xin, a Professor of Beijing Jiaotong University introduced, as can be seen by the experiment, with idle stall longer, fuel-saving effect more obvious. At the same time, idle, remove the effect in reducing vehicle exhaust emissions is also apparent, particularly hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide emissions, the long service life of old, low mileage, emissions standards for vehicle emissions, more pronounced role.
Zhang said that the test conditions, the experiment is not tested on PM2.5 emissions under idling condition, but based on previous research has shown that car in idle state, the PM2.5 emissions more than 5 times times when driving is smooth. Some large vehicles, especially diesel vehicles, and tends to be more particulate emissions when idling when should stall.
Construction
Parking stall can save much oil?
City year, 340,000 tons of gasoline
Environmental experts are given a set of data, its a 2 rows of car as an example, one restart of the engine fuel consumption of 1 ml and idle for 5 seconds is about 1.1 ml of gasoline, 50 seconds was 11 ml, idle 1 hour is 0.8 liters of gasoline. Parking if you don't stall, vehicle idling running condition. Experimental results showed that 100,000 1.6-liter car sedan, for example, idle speed operation for less than a minute per vehicle per day, can reduce fuel consumption more than 400,000 liters annually.
The municipal environmental protection Bureau official says, according to the transportation industry energy-saving emission reduction center of Beijing's experiment, if all drivers were in Beijing to take green driving, to reduce annual emissions of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides, 1.09 million tons of 8.79 million tons, saving 340,000 tons of gasoline, have great potential for energy saving and emission reduction.
Stop stalling the car will be very cold in winter?
Good sealing performance of vehicles not cold
Auto repair expert study said those fears need not, the weather in Beijing, if the vehicle is good sealing performance, after stalling for a short time, compartment temperature is too low, keep people cold. Cars on the market today there are basically two kinds of air start unit, generally water temperature heating air conditioning, that is, economy cars, still need to wait a few minutes after you start air conditioning, air conditioning after the water temperature is warm. Another is more top-grade configuration of heating, air conditioning, heating wire heat fire immediately after the hot air. Water temperature heating air conditioning there is a benefit, that is when the car stalled a short time later, tank temperature will not drop right away.
Frequent losses caused by vehicles stopping Kai?
Stopping Kai 10 times a day will not affect
Senior Engineer of the Department of automotive engineering of Tsinghua University said Lin Jian, frequent stopping Kai does have some wear on engines and batteries, but that was in accordance with the Ministry of driving cycles, test results in harsh conditions. If it's everyday people using cars, the wear is negligible. General consumer use, engine car not in that life is not the same.
Other environmental experts, usually in contact with the family car engine generally start the life of more than 50,000, assuming need stalling, starting 10 times a day, then 1 years to 3,650 times, 10 years to more than 30,000 times, engines are still available. From this point of view, as long as the stall, start 10 times a day, will have no impact on vehicle engine and battery.
"Super 3 minute stall parking" is required into the law?
Experts worry that the Executive did not have operable
Zhuli Professor National School of administration, said that from the perspective of public management, it serves a useful purpose. Beijing 500duowanliang, who is going to monitor so many car parking for more than 3 minutes? "Such a provision seems lively, in fact illusory, not operability, unenforceable provisions will affect the seriousness of the law. ”
Deputy Director of the Hubei Provincial Bureau of statistics ye also said that some top-end car engine sound is very small, traffic police have difficulty finding their stall. If you want to implement this provision, the traffic police will be difficult work, and need to increase a lot of manpower, which has the practical effect will be very small for doing it.
Zhuli said current city, pollution is very important, but the initiatives of need is not some irrelevant, but government departments have to make hard choices. To reduce vehicle emissions, slashing bus, the effect far more parking than 3 minutes stalled much much more. In other areas, such as the Government sector is no longer the pursuit of GDP, shutting down polluting factories, the effect can be quite significant.
Stone of other mountains
Shenzhen
This year's "two sessions" during 4 deputies submitted proposals: the introduction of parking for more than 5 minutes in Shenzhen regulations requiring motorists to switch off vehicle engines and offenders punished. Recently, this recommendation by the Shenzhen Municipal Bureau of supervision, has access to multiple departments in Shenzhen recognition, recent draft is expected to launch.
Zhuhai
Early operation of the Zhuhai City Environmental Protection Ordinance was amended in May 2009, have clear requirements for parking stall. Regulation provides that: "in residential areas, schools, offices, hospitals, parks, tourist attractions and other environmentally sensitive areas holding motor should stall to avoid emissions and noise. "Break the rules, the policemen could be fined 20 Yuan to 200 Yuan fines.
Hong Kong
According to local car engine idling (fixed penalty) Bill, driving in Hong Kong, in addition to exempt, are required for all drivers in 3 minutes "stalling", otherwise it is illegal, will be punished by 320 million Hong Kong dollars.
Taiwan new Taipei City, Taiwan
With effect from June 1, 2012, have not stalled the imposition of fines for parking for 3 minutes. Motor vehicles at places such as parking lots, roads, motorists parking is not stalling for more than 3 minutes, motorcycles will be punished 1500 NT, NT $ 3,000 small cars and large vehicles 5,000 new Taiwan dollars.
(Original title: "Super 3 minute stall parking" legislative hearing today)
新京报讯 为减少机动车污染排放，车主在停车超过3分钟时熄火灭车的规定是否合理、可行？今日下午2时，北京市人大法制委员会将就《北京市大气污染防治条例(草案)》中群众普遍关注的问题举行立法听证会。
据了解，此次立法听证会的听证事项为：《北京市大气污染防治条例(草案)》第八十一条中“鼓励环保驾驶，减少机动车污染排放。在不影响车辆正常行驶的地段，提倡机动车驾驶员在停车3分钟以上时熄灭发动机”的规定是否合理、可行，以及如何修改和执法。
市人大常委会表示，听证会现场将有来自公民、市人大代表、专家学者8-10人进行听证陈述，市人大城建环保办、市人大常委会法制办、市政府法制办、市环保局相关工作人员将列席。此外，还将有部分市民及有关部门人员到场进行旁听。
■ 实验
怠速熄火明显减少尾气排放
此前，北京交通大学完成了一个关于汽车启停对燃油消耗和汽车尾气排放的影响的实验。实验证明，熄火90秒和3分钟怠速对比，排放和油耗显著下降。
实验选取了两辆1.6升的捷达出租车，均采用3分钟驾驶工况模式(空转-发动机停止-发动机重新启动-空转)，即分别让实验车先怠速，然后熄火，之后再怠速。其中一次熄火时间为0秒，即3分钟一直保持怠速，一次熄火时间为90秒，并就此进行了对比。
【分析】
老旧车减排效果更显著
带领这个实验的北京市新能源汽车动力总成技术重点实验室主任、北京交通大学教授张欣介绍，通过实验可以看出，随着怠速熄火时间越长，节油效果越明显。同时，怠速熄火，在减少汽车尾气的排放方面效果也很明显，尤其是碳氢化合物和二氧化碳的排放，这对使用年限长、行驶里程多、排放标准低的老旧车辆尾气排放来说，作用更为显著。
张欣说，受测试条件限制，该实验没有对怠速情况下PM2.5的排放进行检测，但根据以前研究表明，汽车在怠速状态下，PM2.5的排放是顺畅行驶时的5倍以上。一些大型车尤其是柴油车，怠速时往往是颗粒物排放较多的时候，更应该熄火。
■ 释疑
停车熄火能省多少油？
全市每年可省34万吨汽油
有环保专家给出了一组数据，其以一辆2.0排量的汽车为例，发动机重新启动一次的耗油为1毫升；而怠速5秒钟就要用1.1毫升汽油，50秒是11毫升，怠速1小时就是0.8升汽油。停车如果不熄火，车辆处于怠速运转状态。实验结果表明，以10万辆1.6升自动挡轿车为例，每天每辆车少怠速运转一分钟，每年就能减少油耗40多万升。
市环保局相关负责人表示，根据北京市交通行业节能减排中心的实验，如果北京市所有的驾驶员都采取绿色驾驶，每年可减少二氧化碳和氮氧化物的排放109万吨、879万吨，节约汽油34万吨，具有很大的节能减排潜力。
冬天停车熄火车里会很冷？
车辆密封性能好不至于冻着
汽修专家潘旭东表示，这样的担心大可不必，就北京的天气来看，如果车辆密封性能好，车短时间熄火后，车厢内的温度不会太低，不至于把人冻着。现在市场上的车基本有两种空调启动装置，普遍的是水温加热的空调，也就是经济型轿车那种，启动空调后还需要等几分钟，水温上来后空调才有热乎劲儿。另一种是较高档的车配置的电热空调，利用电热丝的热能，一般电打火后就能立即有热风。水温加热的空调有个好处，就是当车短时间熄火后，水箱温度不会马上下降。
频繁停启是否对车辆造成损耗？
每天停启10次内不会有影响
清华大学汽车工程系高级工程师林建说，停启频繁确实会对发动机和电瓶有一些磨损，但那是按照工信部规定的行驶工况，在严苛的条件下测试的结果。如果是日常老百姓使用汽车，这些磨损就可以忽略不计。普通消费者使用，发动机没有到那个寿命车就换新的了。
另有环保专家介绍，平常所接触的家用车发动机，一般都有启动5万次以上的寿命，假设每天需要熄火、启动10次，那么，1年才3650次，10年才3万多次，发动机依然是可用的。从这个角度考虑，只要每天的熄火、启动次数在10次以内，都不会对车辆发动机以及电瓶等造成影响。
“停车超3分钟熄火”是否需入法？
专家担心执行不具可操作性
国家行政学院教授竹立家表示，从城市公共管理的角度看，此举作用不大。北京500多万辆车，谁来监控这么多车是否停车超过3分钟？“这样的规定看起来热闹，实际上虚无缥缈，没有可操作性，无法执行的规定会影响法律的严肃性。”
湖北省统计局副局长叶青也表示，一些高档车发动机声音很小，交警很难发现其是否熄火。如果要实施此项规定，交警的工作难度会很大，而且需要增加大量的人力，而此举的实际效果又会很小，得不偿失。
竹立家表示，当前对北京而言，解决污染非常重要，但需要的不是一些无关痛痒的举措，而是政府部门要痛下决心。比如要减少车辆的排放，大幅度削减公车即可，效果远比停车超3分钟熄火明显得多。而在其他方面，比如政府部门不再追求GDP，关停污染企业，效果也会很显著。
■ 他山之石
深圳
今年“两会”期间，4名人大代表提交建议：在深圳推行停车5分钟以上须关闭机动车引擎的相关法规，违者受处罚。近日，此建议由深圳市公安局督办，已获得深圳多个部门认可，最近有望推出草案。
珠海
早在2009年5月修订实施的《珠海市环境保护条例》中，对停车熄火就有明确要求。《条例》中规定：“在住宅区、学校、机关、医院、停车场、旅游景点等环境敏感区域停候的机动车，应当熄火，避免排放废气和噪声。”违反规定，交警可对其处以20元至200元罚款。
香港
根据当地《汽车引擎空转(定额罚款)条例草案》，在香港开车，除了获豁免的情况，所有司机停车3分钟后都需要“熄火”，否则就属于违规，会受到320元港币的处罚。
台湾新北市
从2012年6月1日起，对停车3分钟未熄火者处以罚款。机动车辆在停车场、道路等场所，驾驶人停车未熄火超过3分钟，摩托车将被处罚1500新台币，小型车3000新台币，大型车5000新台币。
(原标题：“停车超3分钟熄火”今天立法听证)
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