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The author:(作者)delvpublished in(发表于) 2013/10/29 2:38:59 North Viet Nam， several recommendations on improving the human rights situation in China
October 22, 2013, Special Envoy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China, China's second round of the UPR delegation led by Ambassador Wu Hailong, head of a 43-member delegation, with representatives which took place in Geneva on October 22 for the second round of consideration of the human rights situation in China.
Human Rights Council under the "universal periodic review" mechanism every four years to undertake an assessment of the human rights situation in 193 United Nations Member States for consideration. In 2009 China received consideration for the first time since the establishment of the mechanism. Time slipped by on October 22, the China on the human rights situation in China received a second review and the question of the Human Rights Council.
In March 2006, the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution established made up of 47 members of the United Nations Human Rights Council, replacing ran the 60 years of the United Nations Commission on human rights. "Universal periodic review" mechanism is important to the adoption of the aforementioned resolution of the General Assembly entrusted to the Human Rights Council mandate, aimed at ensuring that all United Nations Member States to meet their human rights obligations and commitments have been examined.
In February 2009, China had accepted "universal periodic review" mechanism since the establishment of the first assessment review. General regularly considered working group in by submitted of conclusions and recommends in the said, China support interactive dialogue in the made of following recommends: continues to in domestic promotion and protection human rights, including strengthened national human rights system; according to conditions, continues to follow-up strictly control and caution with death of policy; active sound to introduced reeducation-through-labour reform, thereby ensure by system acting; continues to advance rule of law, deepening justice system reform; continues to efforts further ensure minority enjoyed all human rights, including culture right. Report of the Working Group noted that the proposal by China for a number of countries concerning issues such as the death penalty, freedom of the press, freedom of religion does not endorse the recommendations made by it.
Wu examined at the beginning, noted that the four years ago when the first round of review, the Government has accepted 42 recommendations and commitments of the countries: "when China once again under scrutiny,, the world will see a sound economic prosperity, democracy, the rule of law more complete and more harmonious society, Chinese people more happiness. "He said, and today, four years later, this proposal has been and continues to be implemented, China's promise has been basically achieved.
Wu said that economic foundation is to promote and protect human rights. A country's level of protection of human rights could not be dissociated from its economic and social development. Basic national condition of China's large population, limited resources and stage of development, decided it had to protect 1.3 billion people's right to subsistence and the right to development as a priority. He said that construction of the Chinese Government to continue to strengthen the judicial system, and will strengthen the protection of human rights as an important goal. 60 missions of the justice system reform started in late 2008 and was fully completed.
Wu: "the amendments to the Penal Code (h) canceled 13 of economy of non-violent crime is the death penalty, accounting for 19.1% of the total number of crimes punishable by death. Revised the code of criminal procedure improvement of death penalty review procedure and exclusionary system, standardized application of coercive measures, provides for interrogation at the detention center and the system of audio and video recording of the interrogation process. Chinese authorities are studying the specific detention reform programme and will be announced in due course. ”
Wu said, the Chinese Government shall safeguard freedom of expression and freedom of religion.
Wu: "at the end of December 2012, Chinese Internet users reach 564 million. Second, the people are able to borrow in accordance with Facebook, the freedom to express views in various ways. According to statistics, China now has more than religious groups more than 5,500, hundreds of religious colleges, sites for religious activities a total of 140,000, Tibetan temples alone, there are more than more than 1780. ”
Wu said China to ensure that the minorities enjoy extensive human rights.
Wu: "the minorities and Han nationality in equal participation in national and local administration, the progressive increase in the proportion of ethnic minority cadres in ethnic minority areas. Peoples ' freedom of religious belief, the right to use and develop their own spoken and written language are fully respected and guaranteed. Increasing national inputs to the minority areas. ”
137 countries have participated in the consideration of the interactive dialogue on the situation of human rights in China, including 43 members and 94 observers of the Human Rights Council. Of China welcomed the positive results achieved in human rights, which include: the progress made in the field of socio-economic development; in the achievement of the Millennium development goals, particularly in the eradication of poverty and the progress made in ensuring enjoyment of the right to education; providing technical assistance to developing countries; commitment to develop a national policy to combat the phenomenon of abusive child labour, and so on.
Procedural requirements, there are three countries by drawing of lots be consideration of a country rapporteur, responsible for preparing the report of the working group. Poland, Sierra Leone and the U.A.E. is China's consideration of the report of the working group. They on China human rights situation representative working group made of some problem including: China in promotion and protection speech, and Association and rally free aspects by do of efforts; for ensure non-government organization can free and not by limit to operation by take of measures; approved citizens right and political international under and Protocol of plans; for reform or full abolished death and take of steps; encourages minority full exercise they of human rights by implementation of policy; for protection religious and beliefs free by take of measures,.
Viet Nam, and Yemen, and Belgium, and Bolivia, and Brazil, and Canada, and France, and Korea, North Korea, Japan, and Russia and the United Kingdom and the United States and other countries spoke during the interactive dialogue, China made a number of recommendations to further improve its human rights situation. Except and working group made recommends phase coincide of content zhiwai, these national by mention recommends also including: take steps ensure media and human rights maintenance who can free exercise they in Internet Shang and Internet Xia not by limit of speech free right; continues to in reduction poverty aspects made efforts, strengthened rural area of development; continues to settlement including disabled and children, vulnerable groups by should enjoyed of interests problem; release all due to political causes and was administrative detention of people, banned "reeducation-through-labour" system ; Ensuring that existing laws against torture and unlawful obtaining of evidence are enforced; ensure the ban of all forms of discrimination, including discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity, race, and religion.
Prior to their consideration in many countries to the Chinese delegation raised the issue of a series of written questions. China delegation in subsequently of two round problem answered in the on development right, and approved citizens right and political international under and Protocol problem, and justice independent, and death, and reeducation-through-labour, and torture, and rally and Association free, and activist people problem, and Xinjiang and Tibet problem, and speech expression and network free, and equality between men and women, and protection women and children right, and religious beliefs and family church problem, and lawyer right, and farmers workers children accept education problem, and visit people and black prison problem, and non-government organization management, and family planning and AIDS, and Rights of persons with disabilities and on mental health, forced relocation, and replies on issues such as environmental protection. Representatives from Hong Kong and Macao, two problems were reported.
The delegation of China indicated, it must be admitted free and safe flow of Internet information are interdependent. Unwanted information flooding but will hinder the development of the Internet itself. In order to ensure the safe flow of Internet information, Governments have a responsibility to fight against cyber-crime and to cooperate actively.
The representative of China: "China's Internet is open and free. However, with the rapid development of the Internet, and, like many countries, China also has gambling, pornography, violence, deception, disinformation, hackers, cyber-security, a growing threat to the legitimate rights and interests of the public. ”
Representatives from the State Ethnic Affairs Commission said, many violent terrorist incidents in Xinjiang in recent years, victims of both Han Chinese and Uighur minority, is rooted in East Turkistan forces attempted to split Xinjiang from China, managed to undermine and interfere with stable development in Xinjiang.
The representative of China: "a small number of East Turkistan terrorists on the banner of human rights, implementation of the violent terrorist activities of splitting China, unpopular, China East Turkestan terrorists insisted the evidence, procedural legal principles against objects of only a handful of criminals. ”
The Chinese delegation pointed out that religious services are social services, belong to the scope of government management according to the law, should be subject to legal norms. According to Chinese law, religious groups as a social group should be registered according to law at the Civil Affairs Department. Places of worship should be conducted at the Home Affairs Department to register.
The representative of China: "China's Catholicism and Christianity each has only one church. There are house churches. Some followers and their relatives and friends at home usually pray such activities, the Government will not intervene. But if playing the religious flag, engaged in illegal and criminal activities, including unsolicited, who covers religious gatherings will be held responsible. ”
The delegation of China indicated that China is a country ruled by law, a person will not defend their rights be punished according to the law, there are no so-called arbitrary detention, enforced disappearance and other cases.
The representative of China: "all persons are equal before the law, never allows some people waving the banner of safeguarding, engaged in inciting Division, challenging the fundamental political system of the State, undermining social stability activities. ”
The Human Rights Council universal periodic review working group will give the Chinese Government and set out in the human rights situation in the Member States on the question raised by the human rights situation in China and suggestions compiled into a report for consideration by the Human Rights Council. According to the schedule, adoption of the report of the activities will take place in Geneva on October 25.
Southern networks
2013年10月22日中国外交部特使、中国第二轮普遍定期审议代表团团长吴海龙大使率领一个由43名成员组成的跨部门代表团参加了于10月22日在日内瓦举行的针对中国人权状况的第二轮审议。
人权理事会根据“普遍定期审议”机制每四年对联合国193个成员国的人权状况进行一次评估审议。中国在2009年接受了该机制设立以来的首次审议。光阴荏苒，10月22日，中国又就中国的人权状况接受了人权理事会的第二次审议和质询。
2006年3月，联合国大会通过决议，建立了由47个联合国会员国组成的人权理事会，取代已运行60年之久的联合国人权委员会。“普遍定期审议”机制是联合国大会通过上述决议赋予人权理事会的一项重要职权，旨在确保联合国全部会员国履行人权义务和承诺的情况都得到审查。
2009年2月，中国接受了自“普遍定期审议”机制设立以来的首次评估审核。普遍定期审议工作组在所提交的结论和建议中表示，中国支持互动对话中提出的如下建议：继续在国内增进和保护人权，包括加强国家人权体系；根据国情，继续贯彻严格控制和慎用死刑的政策；积极稳妥地推行劳教改革，从而确保按制度行事；继续推进法治，深化司法制度改革；继续努力进一步确保少数民族享有所有人权，包括文化权。但工作组报告指出，中国对一些国家提出的有关死刑、新闻自由、宗教自由等问题所提出的建议不表赞同。
吴海龙在审议开始时发言指出，四年前接受首轮审查时，中国政府接受了各国提出的42条建议并承诺：“当中国再次接受审查时，世界将看到一个经济更加繁荣、民主更加健全、法治更加完善、社会更加和谐、人民更加幸福的中国。”他表示，四年后的今天，上述建议已经并正在继续得到落实，中方的承诺已基本实现。
吴海龙表示，经济是促进和保障人权的基础。一国人权保障水平不能脱离其经济社会发展阶段。中国人口众多、资源有限的基本国情和所处的发展阶段，决定了中国必须将保障13亿人民的生存权和发展权作为首要任务。他表示，中国政府不断加强司法体制建设，并将加强人权保障列为重要目标。2008年底启动的司法体制改革的60项任务目前已全部完成。
吴海龙：“《刑法修正案(八)》取消了13个经济性非暴力犯罪的死刑，占死刑罪名总数的19.1%。新修改的《刑事诉讼法》完善了死刑复核程序和非法证据排除制度，规范了强制措施的适用，规定了在看守所内进行讯问和对讯问过程录音录像制度。中国有关部门正在研究劳教改革的具体方案并将适时公布。”
吴海龙表示，中国政府切实依法保障言论自由和宗教信仰自由。
吴海龙：“截至2012年12月底，中国网民规模达到5.64亿。民众均能依法借微博、发贴等各种方式自由表达观点。据统计，中国现有宗教团体5500多个，宗教院校近百所，宗教活动场所总数达14万处，仅西藏寺庙就有1780多所。”
吴海龙表示，中国政府确保少数民族享有广泛人权。
吴海龙：“各少数民族与汉族平等参与国家和地方事务管理，少数民族地区少数民族领导干部的比例逐步提高。民族地区宗教信仰自由、使用和发展本民族语言文字的权利得到充分尊重和保障。国家对民族地区的投入不断加大。”
有137个国家参加了中国人权状况审议的互动式对话，其中包括43个人权理事会成员和94个观察员。他们对中国在人权方面取得的一些积极成果表示欢迎，这些成果包括：社会经济发展领域所取得的进步；在实现千年发展目标，特别是在消除贫困和确保人人享有教育权利方面所取得的进展；向发展中国家提供的技术援助；承诺制定一项打击滥用童工现象的国家政策等等。
程序规定，有三个国家通过抽签成为某一个国家审议工作的报告员，负责准备工作组报告。波兰、塞拉利昂和阿联酋是中国审议工作组的报告员。他们就中国人权状况代表工作组提出的一些问题包括：中国在促进和保护言论、结社和集会自由方面所做的努力；为确保非政府组织能够自由和不受限制地运作所采取的措施；批准《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》及其议定书的计划；为改革或是全面废除死刑而采取的步骤；鼓励少数民族全面行使他们的人权所实施的政策；为保护宗教和信仰自由所采取的措施等。
越南、也门、比利时、玻利维亚、巴西、加拿大、法国、韩国、朝鲜、日本、俄罗斯、英国、美国等国在互动对话中发言，就中国进一步改善其人权状况提出了若干建议。除与工作组提出建议相重合的内容之外，这些国家所提建议还包括：采取步骤确保媒体和人权维护者可以自由行使他们在互联网上和互联网下不受限制的言论自由权利；继续在减贫方面做出努力，加强农村地区的发展；继续解决包括残疾人和儿童等弱势群体所应享有的权益问题；释放所有因政治原因而受到行政拘留的人，取缔“劳教”制度；确保禁止酷刑和非法获取证据的现行法律得到执行；确保所有形式的歧视得到禁止，包括基于性取向和性别认同、种族和宗教的歧视。
审议前，许多国家向中国代表团提出了一系列的书面质询问题。中国代表团在随后的两轮问题回答中就发展权、批准《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》及其议定书问题、司法独立、死刑、劳教、酷刑、集会与结社自由、维权人士问题、新疆和西藏问题、言论表达和网络自由、男女平等、保护妇女和儿童权利、宗教信仰和家庭教会问题、律师权利、农民工子女接受教育问题、访民与黑监狱问题、非政府组织管理、计划生育与艾滋病、残疾人权利和精神卫生、强行拆迁及环境保护等问题进行了答复。来自香港和澳门的代表就两个特别行政区的一些问题进行了情况汇报。
中国代表团表示，必须承认互联网信息自由和安全流动是相互依存的。有害信息泛滥反而会阻碍互联网自身的发展。为了确保互联网信息安全流动，各国政府都有责任打击网络犯罪并积极开展合作。
中国代表：“中国的互联网是开放的、自由的。但随着互联网的快速发展，与许多国家一样，中国也存在赌博、色情、暴力、诈骗、造谣、黑客等网络安全问题，日益威胁公众的合法权益。”
来自国家民委的代表表示，近年来新疆多地发生暴力恐怖事件，受害者既有汉族，也有维吾尔少数民族，其根源是东突势力图谋将新疆从中国分裂出去，因此千方百计破坏和干扰新疆稳定发展。
中国代表：“少数东突恐怖分子打着人权旗号，实施分裂中国的暴力恐怖活动，不得人心，中国惩处东突恐怖分子一直坚持证据确凿、程序合法的原则，打击对象只是极少数犯罪分子。”
中国代表团指出，宗教事务是社会事务，属于政府依法管理的范围，应受到法律的规范。根据中国法律规定，宗教团体作为社会团体应在民政部门进行依法登记。宗教场所应该在民政事务部门依法进行登记。
中国代表：“中国天主教和基督教都各自只有一个教会。没有家庭教会。一些信徒及其亲戚朋友平常在家里进行一些读经祷告这样的活动，政府并不干预。但如果打着宗教旗号，从事违法犯罪活动，包括未经同意，私自占地搞宗教聚会的，将被依法追究责任。”
中国代表团表示，中国是法治国家，任何人不会因为依法维护自身权利被处罚，更不存在所谓任意拘留、强迫失踪等情况。
中国代表：“法律面前人人平等，绝不允许一些人打着维权的旗号，从事煽动国家分裂、挑战基本政治制度，破坏社会稳定的活动。”
人权理事会普遍定期审议工作组将把中国政府在人权状况方面的阐述和各成员国就中国人权状况所提出的质询和建议编撰成报告交人权理事会予以审议通过。根据日程安排，通过报告的活动将在日内瓦时间10月25日下午进行。
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