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The author:(作者)delvpublished in(发表于) 2013/10/30 11:11:49 Independent experts say the Supreme Court 5 trial release of judicial reform signals
Less than 20 days 5 Supreme Law "judicial independence" legal experts released on judicial reform signals-
"Judicial independence" or Division to breakthrough
Recently, the Supreme, demands a sound guarantee legally independent and impartial judicial power should be exercised by the court system. The legal evening news reporter counted found that less than 20 days since the end of October in the Supreme Leader referred to at least 5 times "judicial independence".
Legal experts said, although all are defined by law in our country, but China's Court trial has not been completely independent. "Judicial reform" under the backdrop of recently so dense referred to judicial independence, experts believe that releasing multiple signals of judicial reform in China. Many experts when in an interview with the legal evening news reporter said that "judicial independence" is the direction of the reform of the judiciary, will be a breakthrough.
Frequency less than 20 days of "judicial independence"
The legal evening news reporter noted, held on October 12, "the prevention and relief of wronged and misjudged cases" academic forum, President of the third Chamber of the Supreme People's Court Criminal Division of Dai Changlin pointed out that prevention of misjudged case to air their grievances to ensure independent judicial power should be exercised according to law. Stress the principle of public trial. Effective shall safeguard the procedural rights of the accused, the public's right to know, full disclosure in accordance with law the trial process, posting of a judgments and the entry into force according to law. Stresses the principle of procedural fairness, breaking the system, contrary to the principles of procedural fairness must be prohibited, actually changing entity, light program practices. Implementing the concept of presumption of innocence and conviction must be sufficient evidence.
On October 14, the Supreme People's Court President Zhou stressed at the VI national criminal proceedings, to establish a sound mechanism to safeguard people's courts independent and impartial judicial power should be exercised according to law.
On October 17, Executive Vice President of the Supreme People's Court, the trial Committee of China Shen Deyong, President of the Chinese Association for trial theory is also referred to "judicial independence". "Study focuses on basic questions of Justice, ensure that the people's Court in an independent and impartial judicial power should be exercised according to law under the leadership of the party. "Shen Deyong said.
In addition, the 25th, the Supreme People's Court issued on deepening the reform of operation mechanism of judicial openness, trial pilot programme requirements in Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Shaanxi and other provinces and cities some pilot work carried out the aforementioned reform of the Court.
System reform pilot program requirements, optimal allocation of various subjects within the Court's judicial functions and management responsibilities, shall reinforce functional constraints between supervision, ensuring that a single judge, a collegial panel and its members are impartial and independent exercise of judgment authority in accordance with law.
28th, Supreme People's Court announced on practical practice line justice for people strongly strengthened just justice constantly improve Justice public letter force of several views under, requires strongly follow-up court law independent exercise trial of Constitution principles, strongly boycott various forms of place and sector protectionism, strongly excluded power, and money, and favors, and relationship, all law outside factors of interference, constantly sound guarantees Court law independent just exercise trial of system mechanism, strongly maintenance Constitution legal of dignity and authority.
This is so far this month, at least 5th refers to "judicial independence".
Shen Kui, Vice President of Peking University law school told the legal evening news said in an interview with a reporter, judicial independence has specifically provided in the Constitution, and future directions for judicial reform.
Breakthrough in perspective or judicial reform
Not to 20 days of time, "trial independent" was number times mentioned, on this, criminal law expert, and CUPL Law Professor Hong Daode in accept legal evening under reporter interview Shi said, this phenomenon release out two big signal, a is justice reform from Court began; II is Court of reform first from trial business began, and not from trial organization Shang began, also not from court system Shang began.
"Judicial independence of personnel and financial powers from the local take back, right of jurisdiction is the authority of the State rather than a place. "Hong Daode said.
Beijing Normal University, Deputy Director of the Institute of criminal law Song Yinghui law later told reporters: "of the Constitution provides that the Court shall exercise independent judicial authority. In addition, the criminal procedure law, civil procedure law has explicit provisions on this, the Court should be based on evidence of the fact that, in accordance with the law on the decision, without other interventions, this is the premise of Justice and guarantee the quality of handling cases. "
"The future direction of independent trials is to reduce or eliminate the interference of various factors, this is also in line with judicial law. "Song Yinghui said.
Hong Daode believes that district court cases against interference of power, money and other factors, this should be the bottom line for the rule of law, judges in trials seen completely out of business community. "Operational independence requires the trial judge first within our own ' strength ', and convincing sentence can do justice, community believe that the judges have such capability. "Hong Daode said.
Twitter live trial to promote justice
Recently, court trials in some cases being gradually moved out of the blog. On September 16, the Beijing court's official Twitter account "net in Beijing" Beijing Daxing dropped children's case was live broadcast in real time, "forensic" and "testimony of proof" and "civil liability" and so on, causing netizens widely discussed.
September 18, Nanjing "starving girls" session. Case of Nanjing municipal intermediate people's court official Twitter account "v Court of Nanjing", broadcast on the same day the trial and after the press conference. The trial to the public to have a more comprehensive understanding of the case.
Incomplete statistics, over the past two years, at least 17 provinces nationwide trial work has been done, the Court release hearing related situations become the norm over the network.
Some in the industry believe that trial jurisdiction relating to independence of the judiciary, and relating to the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the parties, concerning the public's right to know and the right of supervision over the judicial authorities.
Sun Jungong, spokesman of the Supreme Law on effectively carrying out justice for the people and vigorously strengthen the impartial justice, improving judicial public faith force raised in the opinions of "judicial independence" when answering reporters ' questions also revealed that currently is in the process of drafting and standard micro-Bo direct normative views of trial.
Song Yinghui says: "Twitter live transparency in favour of trial, in the case of independent judgment and Justice play an effective oversight, there is a certain effect. "
Building of "independent" relevant joint improvement of the system to advance
Yesterday, the Politburo meetings, discussion 18 since the second plenary session, Member of the working study on deepen reform of major problems.
Reporter noted that, since reform and opening up in China, held a total of 7 times the third plenary session of the Communist Party, respectively, between the 11th plenary session of the 17th plenary session, "deepening reform" is every third plenum of the top priority.
Experts say that social justice related to social development and stability, and the most important is the protection of the rule of law. Calls for reform of the judiciary under the competitive situation, 18 third plenary session, will further improve the relevant legal system, strengthen justice, make law safeguard social fairness and justice, all kinds of businesses compete on an equal footing, equal participation and equal development backed by the people.
According to the reporter, at all levels of courts, judicial independence, and also have a lot of discussions, has suggested repeatedly pointed out that the financial power of the courts should be guaranteed by the Central Government, from the local government "control", for example, all courts in the country funded by the Central Government to pay, budgeting is up to the Supreme People's Court.
Peking University law school Associate Dean Shen kui said: "to promote reform of the system of judicial independence, might have some opposition from vested interests, only to all relevant system boosted judicial independence can be achieved, and then there is equal justice for trial. "
"18 third plenary session will most likely be a judicial reform, judicial independence is expected to be written in the programme. "Shen kui said.
Wen Rujun graphics/text/journalist Liao Yuan
The Chinese Constitution stipulates that "people's court trials independently, just obeying the law"
Seriously damaged the legal system, judicial independence question
OJ has been restored, "the people's courts exercise judicial power independently," the principle of
64th, CPC Central Committee issued, namely the directive on the strong commitment to effective implementation of criminal law, criminal procedure law, stressing that "judicial work on strengthening the party's leadership, one of the most important, is to ensure the implementation of laws to ensure that the people's courts exercise judicial power independently, without interference from administrative organs, public organizations or individuals in"
The Constitution "judicial independence" this principle is written
18, wrote in his report: "the further reform of the judicial system, adhering to and perfecting the Socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, and ensure independent and impartial judicial organs and procuratorial organs shall exercise judicial power and procuratorial power"
The "two sessions", the Supreme People's Court President Wang Shengjun said in a report, ensure that the judiciary independent and impartial trial according to the law system is not yet sound, subject to further deepen the reform of Justice. In 2013, the working arrangements referred to in the effective exclusion of interference in judicial work, ensure judicial impartiality.
不满20天最高法5提“审判独立”法律专家分析此举释放司法改革信号--
"审判独立"或成司改突破口
近日，最高人民法院出台意见，要求不断健全保障人民法院依法独立公正行使审判权的制度机制。《法制晚报》记者盘点发现，10月份中下旬以来不到20天的时间里，最高法相关领导至少已有5次提及"审判独立"。
有法学专家坦言，虽然我国各个法律有明文规定，但中国法院的审判一直未完全独立。在"司法改革"的大背景下，近期如此密集提及审判独立，专家认为释放出我国司法改革的多重信号。多位专家在接受《法制晚报》记者采访时均表示，"审判独立"是司法改革的方向，将成为突破口。
频率不满20天5提"审判独立"
《法制晚报》记者注意到，10月12日召开的"冤假错案的防范与救济"学术座谈会上，最高人民法院刑事审判庭第三庭庭长戴长林指出，防范冤错案要确保依法独立行使审判权。强调审判公开为原则。切实依法保障被告人的诉讼权、公众的知情权、审判过程依法全面公开，生效裁判文书依法上网公布。要强调程序公正原则，突破相关制度规定，违背程序公正原则的做法必须予以禁止，切实改变重实体、轻程序的做法。贯彻无罪推定理念，定罪证据一定要确实充分。
10月14日，最高人民法院院长周强在第六次全国刑事审判工作会上强调，要建立健全保障人民法院依法独立公正行使审判权的机制。
10月17日，最高人民法院常务副院长、中国审判理论研究会会长沈德咏在中国审判理论研究会上也提及"审判独立"。"要着力研究司法基础理论问题，确保人民法院在党的领导下依法独立公正行使审判权。"沈德咏说。
另外，本月25日，最高人民法院下发关于深化司法公开、审判权运行机制改革的试点方案，要求在上海、江苏、浙江、广东、陕西等省市部分法院开展上述两项改革的试点工作。
机制改革的试点方案要求，优化配置法院内部各主体的审判职责与管理职责，依法强化各种职能之间的制约监督，确保独任法官、合议庭及其成员依法公正、独立行使审判职权。
28日，最高人民法院公布《关于切实践行司法为民大力加强公正司法不断提高司法公信力的若干意见》，要求坚决贯彻人民法院依法独立行使审判权的宪法原则，坚决抵制各种形式的地方和部门保护主义，坚决排除权力、金钱、人情、关系等一切法外因素的干扰，不断健全保障人民法院依法独立公正行使审判权的制度机制，坚决维护宪法法律的尊严和权威。
这是本月以来，至少第5次提及"审判独立"。
北京大学法学院副院长沈岿接受《法制晚报》记者采访时表示，审判独立在宪法中有明确的规定，也是今后司法改革的方向。
观点或成司法改革突破口
不到20天的时间，"审判独立"被数次提及，对此，刑事诉讼法专家、中国政法大学法学教授洪道德在接受《法制晚报》记者采访时表示，这个现象释放出两大信号，一是司法改革从法院开始；二是法院的改革先从审判业务开始，而不是从审判组织上开始，也不是从法院体系上开始。
"审判独立就要将人事权和财政权都从地方收回，司法权本来就是国家的权力而非地方权。"洪道德说。
北京师范大学刑事法律科学研究院副院长宋英辉对法晚记者表示："宪法中规定法院依法行使独立审判权。另外，刑诉法、民诉法也对此有明确的规定，法院应该根据证据事实，依照法律对案件作出判决，不受其他干涉，这是保证办案质量和司法公正的前提。"
"将来的方向就是要减小或消除干扰独立审判的各种因素，这也符合司法规律。"宋英辉说。
洪道德认为，地方法院审理案件不受权力、金钱等因素干扰，这应该是法制的底线，让法官在审判业务上完全脱离社会的大染缸。"审判业务独立要求法官们首先内修自己的'内功'，能做出公正的、令人信服的判决，让社会相信法官队伍已具备这样的能力。"洪道德说。
微博直播庭审可促进公正判决
近期以来，一些案件的庭审情况被陆续搬上了微博。9月16日，北京法院网的官方微博账号"京法网事"对北京大兴摔童案进行了现场实时播报，"法庭辩论"、"举证质证"、"民事赔偿"等内容，引起网友的广泛讨论。
9月18日，南京"饿死女童案"开庭。审理此案的南京市中级人民法院官方微博账号"南京V法院"，同日直播了庭审情况和之后的新闻发布会。此次庭审直播让公众对案件有了较为全面的了解。
据不完全统计，近两年来，全国至少有17个省份开展了庭审直播工作，法院通过网络发布庭审相关情况渐成常态。
一些业内人士认为，庭审直播涉及司法机关的独立审判权，关乎当事人合法权益的保护，又事关公众的知情权以及对司法机关的监督权。
最高法新闻发言人孙军工就《关于切实践行司法为民大力加强公正司法不断提高司法公信力的若干意见》中提出的"审判独立"回答记者提问时也透露，目前正在着手起草、规范微博直播庭审的规范性意见。
宋英辉表示："微博直播有利于案件审理的公开透明，对案件的独立审判和公正判决起到了有效的监督，有一定的促进作用。"
建言"独立"需相关制度共同完善推进
昨日，中共中央政治局召开会议，讨论十八届二中全会以来中央政治局工作，研究全面深化改革重大问题。
记者注意到，中国改革开放以来，中国共产党一共召开过7次三中全会，分别是第十一届三中全会至第十七届三中全会，"深化改革"是每一次三中全会的重中之重。
专家表示，社会公平关系到社会发展与稳定，而其最重要的保障是法制。在司法改革呼声激烈的形势下，十八届三中全会必然会进一步完善相关法律制度，不断强化司法公正，让法律成为保障社会公平正义，各类企业平等竞争、民众平等参与和平等发展的坚强后盾。
另据记者了解，在各级法院内部，就审判独立如何实现，也有很多讨论，有建议多次提出，法院的财权应该由中央财政保障，以脱离地方政府的"控制"，比如全国所有法院的经费由中央财政支付，预算编制由最高人民法院负责。
北京大学法学院副院长沈岿坦言："推进审判独立的相关制度的改革，会遭到一些既得利益者的反对，只有各种相关的制度共同推进，审判独立才能实现，伴随而来的才是公平正义的审判。"
"十八届三中全会很有可能会提出司法改革方案，审判独立也有望被写入该方案。"沈岿表示。
文/记者温如军制图/廖元
中国宪法规定"人民法院进行独立审判，只服从法律"
法制遭严重破坏，审判独立无从谈起
法院组织法恢复了"人民法院独立进行审判"的原则
中共中央发出64号文件，即《关于坚决保证刑法、刑事诉讼法切实实施的指示》，强调"加强党对司法工作的领导，最重要的一条，就是切实保证法律的实施，切实保证人民法院独立行使审判权，使之不受其他行政机关、团体和个人的干涉"
宪法将"审判独立"这一原则写入
十八大报告中写道："进一步深化司法体制改革，坚持和完善中国特色社会主义司法制度，确保审判机关、检察机关依法独立公正行使审判权、检察权"
全国"两会"期间，最高人民法院院长王胜俊在报告中称，确保审判机关依法独立公正行使审判的体制还不健全，司法体制改革有待进一步深化。在2013年的工作安排中提到有效排除对审判工作的干扰，确保司法公正。
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