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The author:(作者)delvpublished in(发表于) 2013/10/31 9:32:06 Homeland： total control of land for new construction
According to the Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council Web site, in order to carry out the treasure, the rational utilization of land and the basic national policy of protecting farmland, promote the economical and intensive use of land, the Home Ministry drafted the economical and intensive use of land requires (draft) (draft), is now available to the public for comments. The regulations proposed, way clear, for new construction to exercise total control of the country. Subnational land use plan determines the amount of new land for construction shall not break the superior general land use planning control targets set.
Ministry of land and resources said that national land use standard control systems. In conjunction with relevant departments of the Ministry of land and resources to develop the prohibited items list and restrict land use the project directory, and the project control index of construction land, control index of construction land for industrial projects, real estate development and land parcel size and volume rate and other types of land-use standards. Supply of land for construction should be in accordance with land-use standards. Does not meet the standards for land use, land and resources authorities above the county level shall be passed review of construction land, not the supply of land for the construction of formalities.
Land and resources authorities in the preparation and implementation of general land use planning, should lead industries concentrated in the development zone, population concentrated in the towns, dwelling in the community focus, promote the rural population to the Central village, central town gathering, industry concentrated in the functional area, concentrated in the moderate scale management of arable land, encouraged linear infrastructure and line planning, intensive layout.
Also, for practice in the created of industrial with to new way, avoid land using who made land Hou enclose and occupy hoarding and change with to of problem, approach stressed, city, and County homeland resources competent sector in supply industrial with to Shi, can take first will state construction with to right rentals to land using who, and clear agreed in project official production Hou to transfer construction with to right of supply way. Before the assignment of the tenancy of supply of industrial land, should be let by way of bidding, auction and listing. Construction land use right person to reach conditions should be agreed in the contract, land and resources authorities and construction land use right to separate State-owned construction land use right transfer contract.
Following is the full text of the provision:
Economical and intensive use of the land provisions (draft)
(Draft for soliciting opinions)
Chapter I General provisions
First line treasure, the rational utilization of land and the basic national policy of protecting farmland, promote economical and intensive use of land to enhance carrying capacity of land resources for economic and social development, in accordance with the People's Republic of China land management act and other laws and regulations, these rules are formulated.
Second economical and intensive use of the land referred to in these provisions refers under the land use overall planning, through the means of access, market allocation, regulation updates, control the size of construction land, optimization of land use structure and layout, potential mining land, improve the efficiency of land allocation and utilization.
Article in the utilization and management of land and resources authorities in the land, should adhere to the following principles, promote economical and intensive use of land:
(A) the total amount control of land for construction, and handle the relationship between development and protection of arable land;
(B) optimizing layout and structure, promote economic restructuring and industrial upgrading;
(C) encourage economical and intensive land use, combating hoarding fired over extensive land;
(D) integrated national, collective and land users in land distribution of interest.
Article fourth local land and resources departments at and above the county level shall strengthen the links with development and reform, financial, communication and coordination of urban and rural planning, environmental protection and other sectors, to economical and intensive land use objectives and overall framework for policy measures into local economic and social development, planning and evaluation.
Fifth in the management of land and resources authorities in the land should actively explore new mechanisms of economical and intensive use of land, developed land system and related standards, organizational research, demonstration and promotion of new technologies, new methods to promote the technology of three-dimensional land, land rights, registered according to law, promote land-use efficiency improvements.
Chapter II scale control
Sixth State to exercise total control over new construction.
Subnational land use plan determines the amount of new land for construction shall not break the superior general land use planning control targets set.
Approved binding indicator of the General plans for land use and zoning regulations are not allowed to break through.
Seventh industrial development, urban and rural construction, infrastructure layout and eco-environmental construction planning, land use, should reflect the economical and intensive land use requirements, convergence with the General plans for land use.
Does not meet the General plans for land use shall be adjusted and modified, reduced in size, adjust the layout.
Eighth Department in charge of land and resources in the allocation of land use planning award of the year when the previous year should be unit GDP consumption decline in large areas of land for construction purposes, as well as unit construction with two or three industries value added improvement in areas with a larger, properly tilted.
For a lower rate, and the higher rate of idle land areas, should be released in next year's annual plans for land use shall be appropriately reduced.
Chapter III access
Nineth State practices land use standard control system.
In conjunction with relevant departments of the Ministry of land and resources to develop the prohibited items list and restrict land use the project directory, and the project control index of construction land, control index of construction land for industrial projects, real estate development and land parcel size and volume rate and other types of land-use standards.
Supply of land for the construction of the tenth article should be in line with the land-use standards.
Does not meet the standards for land use, land and resources authorities above the county level shall be passed review of construction land, not the supply of land for the construction of formalities.
The fourth chapter layout optimization
11th land and resources authorities in the preparation and implementation of general land use planning, should lead industries concentrated in the development zone, population concentrated in the towns, dwelling in the community focus, promote the rural population to the Central village, central town gathering, industry concentrated in the functional area, concentrated in the moderate scale management of arable land, encouraged linear infrastructure and line planning, intensive layout.
Prohibition in the land use plan identified towns set up all kinds of new urban district, beyond the range of land for building development zones and industrial parks.
12th article city, and County homeland resources competent sector in prepared construction with to supply plans Shi, should according to can supply land of specific situation, strengthened and in urban and rural areas planning competent sector consultations, promotion existing town with to internal structure adjustment optimization, control production with to, guarantees life with to, improve ecological with to proportion, reasonable configuration administrative, and commercial clothing, and live, and sports, and culture, facilities with to, optimization mining with to structure, change layout dispersed, and extensive low effect of status, gradually improve town with to efficiency and benefits.
13th State encourages the rational use of underground space on the floor.
Establishment of construction land use in aboveground and underground layered, make and year references in the relevant provisions established by surface construction land use right.
Aboveground and underground layered construction land use right shall be established in accordance with actual local land and immovable property transactions, assessments to determine minimum price standards for the transfer of the hierarchy.
Achieved on the ground, after the establishment of construction land use right on the ground floor, in accordance with the provisions of the land registration.
14th of municipal and county authorities in conjunction with the relevant departments of land and resources in response to economic and social development, reasonable planning of suitable land, moderately compact commercial, offices, hotels, exhibitions, catering, Conference, entertainment and urban living space features such as traffic, mixed function construction to improve land use efficiency and effectiveness.
15th article on has cases to divided conditions but due to different uses height associated, and needs overall planning construction, and does difficult split supply of integrated uses construction project with to, city, and County homeland resources competent sector should respectively clear different uses plots of location, and area, and using nature and volume rate, and building density, planning conditions and land using standard, respectively according to uses, and using years period and development conditions assessment different uses plots price Hou, integrated determines transfer upset, according to a cases land introduced overall supply.
Composite construction project shall not be included in the supply of residential land, construction land for different purposes must comply with the land-use standards, contains the auction listing selling land, the whole land shall be made in form of tender auction supplies.
After obtaining the integrated use of land according to the law, legal ownership of land under the land transfer contract position of source material recorded all kinds of land, the use, size, tenure type, age, and so on.
Chapter fifth market allocation
16th State to gradually narrow the scope of gratis land.
Apart from the military, social security, housing and special land allocation can continue to obtain land use rights, State offices, and transport, energy, water conservancy and other infrastructure (industry), urban infrastructure and a variety of social programs gradually be paid for the use of land.
17th of municipal and County departments of land and resources in the supply of industrial land, you can take the first State-owned construction land use right was leased to users of the sites and expressly agreed to after the project goes into production officially converted to construction land use right transferring mode of supply.
Before the assignment of the tenancy of supply of industrial land, should be based on competitive bidding, auction and listing of rentals. Construction land use right person to reach conditions should be agreed in the contract, land and resources authorities and construction land use right to separate State-owned construction land use right transfer contract.
18th encouraging land users to comply with the required conditions under the premise of, through building storey, old renovation, interior finishing and other ways to improve land utilization.
Subject to planning, no change of use of existing industrial land, improve land utilization and increase the volume of, is no longer the increase of land price.
19th of municipal and County departments of land and resources and land use of construction land use right can be agreed upon in the contract for the transfer of land development intensity, involvement standard does not meet the prescribed requirements of industrial project land, city and County land and resources authorities are entitled to take paid acquisitions means recover the right to use construction land.
The 20th city or County land and resources authorities supply of industrial land, shall not be less than the minimum industrial land prices set by the State standards.
Comply with economical and intensive land use requirements and are from the national encouraged industry may introduce a differentiated implementation of land price of industrial land policy, specific measures by the Ministry of land and resources be developed separately.
Chapter Sixth renovation update
Article 21st local land and resources departments above the county level should be based on the overall land use planning, integrated land, water, roads, forestry and comprehensive improvement of village, historical industrial and mining wasteland reclamation, urban update inefficient use of land, increase land use efficiency and effectiveness, improving the urban and rural people's living and production conditions and ecological environment.
22nd regulation of agricultural land should stick to promoting land concentrated in sheets, increasing the effective arable land, improve farmland quality, optimization of land use structure and layout requirements, and raise the level of intensive utilization and management benefits of scale.
Suitable for farming unused land development shall adhere to the conditions conducive to improving the ecological environment, light moderate, improve the bearing capacity of land resources and the environment.
23rd high standards the basic farmland infrastructure construction should strictly control the field covers an area of size, rate reasonably reduced field infrastructure. Covering rate below the national standard basic farmland construction related standards requirements, land and resources departments above the county level shall not be through the project acceptance. On the rate of covering a more significant projects, can be rewarded.
24th local land and resources departments at or above the county level shall, in conjunction with the departments concerned in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State, by adjusting the use, consultation acquire, develop, layout scattered, the use of artificial insemination, use of unreasonable update specific urban built-up area, optimizing the structure and layout of land use, promote industrial upgrading, UN-Habitat environmental improvement.
Update 25th land management and town, shall comply with the following conditions:
(A) in line with the General plans for land use and planning;
(B) appropriate to local levels of economic development;
(Iii) land ownership clear;
(D) the compensation and rehousing arrangements, land tenure adjustments must consult with the relevant rights holders;
(E) to be carried out on rural land management and update area of the town, must be based on voluntariness: premise of the masses, by more than 90% residents within the project area consent;
(F) return of rural land management land value-added benefits most rural areas;
(VII) other conditions stipulated by the Ministry of land and resources.
26th provincial land and resources departments should strengthen the supervision and administration of land management and urban update, to comply with the relevant provisions of the State land management and urban update, shall instruct the relevant Department in charge of land and resources within.
27th rural voluntary paid out of idle land. Collective economic organizations can have a stable living conditions for acquirement of applications, replacement, incentives, subsidies, subsidy or town house in consultation, inter alia, to recover spare or excess land.
28th out of rural housing land law priority must be given to meet the needs of members of the collective economic organizations eligible to apply for Homestead, or sorting, reclamation and utilization in accordance with relevant provisions.
Supervision and administration of the seventh chapter
29th land and resources authorities above the county level shall strengthen land market monitoring and supervision, approved and after the supply of land for building development in the implementation of process monitoring, promotion of economical and intensive land use.
Article 30th land and resources authorities above the county level to establish dynamic open information system of land utilization, regularly published on the portal site, such as land supply, contract performance, improve the efficiency of land use.
31st land and resources authorities above the county level shall organize the construction land census within its own jurisdiction, and full picture of the situation of development and utilization of construction land and input-output, levels of intensive use, size and spatial distribution of the potential, as a basis for land management and evaluation of economical and intensive land use.
Land and resources authorities above the county level shall, in accordance with article 32nd construction land census, organizes regular urban development and economical and intensive land-use evaluation and evaluation results to the general public.
Evaluation results as authorities performance management development and upgrading, expanding area, location of adjustment and exit basis.
33rd provincial land and resources departments shall, in accordance with relevant regulations of the State, subordinate departments in charge of land and resources regularly land saving and intensive use of the work and objectives of completing an assessment is based on assessment results determine regional land saving and intensive use, rated and the technology evaluation, allocation of resources and policies to encourage linkages.
Specific assessment measures formulated by the Ministry of land and resources.
The eighth chapter legal liability
34th land and resources departments above the county level and their staff in violation of this provision, one of the following circumstances shall be given disciplinary actions constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:
(A) violation of the provisions of the present article tenth obtained through the land-use review and procedures;
(B) violations of the provisions of article 23rd, through high standards of basic farmland project acceptance;
(C) violations of the provisions of the article 25th land management and urban renewal;
(Iv) other practicing favoritism, abuse of power and negligence.
The Nineth chapter supplementary articles
35th article of the measures implemented as from the day of 2014. (By tongzongli)
据国务院法制办网站消息，为了贯彻十分珍惜、合理利用土地和切实保护耕地的基本国策，促进节约集约利用土地，国土部起草了《节约集约利用土地规定(草案)》(征求意见稿)，现向社会公开征求意见。《规定》提出，办法明确，国家对新增建设用地实行总量控制。下级土地利用总体规划确定的新增建设用地总量不得突破上级土地利用总体规划确定的控制指标。
国土资源部指出，国家实行土地使用标准控制制度。国土资源部会同有关部门制定《禁止用地项目目录》和《限制用地项目目录》、工程项目建设用地控制指标、工业项目建设用地控制指标、房地产开发用地宗地规模和容积率等各类土地使用标准。建设用地供应应当符合土地使用标准。对不符合土地使用标准的，县级以上国土资源主管部门不得通过建设用地审查，不得办理建设用地供应手续。
国土资源主管部门在编制和实施土地利用总体规划时，应当引导工业向开发区集中、人口向城镇集中、住宅向社区集中，推动农村人口向中心村、中心镇集聚，产业向功能区集中，耕地向适度规模经营集中，鼓励线性基础设施并线规划，集约布局。
另外，针对实践中创造的工业用地新方式，避免土地使用者取得土地后圈占囤积和改变用地的问题，办法强调，市、县国土资源主管部门在供应工业用地时，可以采取先将国有建设用地使用权租赁给土地使用者，并明确约定在项目正式投产后转为出让建设用地使用权的供应方式。以先租赁后出让方式供应工业用地的，应当以招标、拍卖、挂牌的方式出租。建设用地使用权人达到合同约定的受让条件后，国土资源主管部门与建设用地使用权人另行签订国有建设用地使用权出让合同。
以下为《规定》全文：
节约集约利用土地规定(草案)
(征求意见稿)
第一章 总 则
第一条 为贯彻十分珍惜、合理利用土地和切实保护耕地的基本国策，促进节约集约利用土地，提升土地资源对经济社会发展的承载能力，根据《中华人民共和国土地管理法》等法律法规，制定本规定。
第二条 本规定所称节约集约利用土地，是指依据土地利用总体规划，通过用地准入、市场配置、整治更新等手段，控制建设用地规模，优化土地利用结构和布局，挖掘用地潜力，提高土地配置和利用效率。
第三条 国土资源主管部门在土地开发利用和管理中，应当坚持以下原则，促进土地节约集约利用：
(一)控制建设用地总量，处理好开发建设与保护耕地的关系；
(二)优化用地布局和结构，促进经济结构调整和产业升级；
(三)鼓励节约集约用地，打击囤地炒地，治理粗放用地；
(四)统筹兼顾国家、集体和土地使用者在土地利益上的分配关系。
第四条 县级以上地方国土资源主管部门应当加强与发展改革、财政、城乡规划、环境保护等部门的沟通协调，将土地节约集约利用的目标和政策措施纳入地方经济社会发展总体框架、相关规划和考核评价体系。
第五条 国土资源主管部门在土地管理工作中应当积极探索土地节约集约利用新机制，组织制定节地标准体系和相关标准规范，组织研究、示范和推广节地新技术、新方法，推广三维地籍技术，依法开展土地确权、登记，促进土地利用效率的提高。
第二章 规模控制
第六条 国家对新增建设用地实行总量控制。
下级土地利用总体规划确定的新增建设用地总量不得突破上级土地利用总体规划确定的控制指标。
经批准的土地利用总体规划确定的约束性指标和分区管制规定不得突破。
第七条 产业发展、城乡建设、基础设施布局、生态环境建设等相关规划涉及土地利用的内容，应当体现节约集约用地要求，与土地利用总体规划做好衔接。
对不符合土地利用总体规划应当及时调整和修改，核减用地规模，调整用地布局。
第八条 国土资源主管部门在分配土地利用年度计划奖励指标时，应当对上一年度单位地区生产总值建设用地消耗量下降幅度较大的地区，以及单位建设用地二、三产业增加值提高幅度较大的地区，给予适当倾斜。
对供地率较低的地区，以及闲置土地率较高的地区，应当在下达下一年度的土地利用年度计划时予以适当核减。
第三章 用地准入
第九条 国家实行土地使用标准控制制度。
国土资源部会同有关部门制定《禁止用地项目目录》和《限制用地项目目录》、工程项目建设用地控制指标、工业项目建设用地控制指标、房地产开发用地宗地规模和容积率等各类土地使用标准。
第十条 建设用地供应应当符合土地使用标准。
对不符合土地使用标准的，县级以上国土资源主管部门不得通过建设用地审查，不得办理建设用地供应手续。
第四章 布局优化
第十一条 国土资源主管部门在编制和实施土地利用总体规划时，应当引导工业向开发区集中、人口向城镇集中、住宅向社区集中，推动农村人口向中心村、中心镇集聚，产业向功能区集中，耕地向适度规模经营集中，鼓励线性基础设施并线规划，集约布局。
禁止在土地利用总体规划确定的城镇建设用地范围之外设立各类城市新区、开发区和工业园区。
第十二条 市、县国土资源主管部门在编制建设用地供应计划时，应当根据可以供应土地的具体情况，加强与城乡规划主管部门协商，促进现有城镇用地内部结构调整优化，控制生产用地，保障生活用地，提高生态用地比例，合理配置行政、商服、居住、体育、文化等设施用地，优化工矿用地结构，改变布局分散、粗放低效的现状，逐步提高城镇用地效率和效益。
第十三条 国家鼓励合理利用地上地下空间。
建设用地使用权在地上、地下分层设立的，取得方式和年期参照在地表设立的建设用地使用权相关规定。
在地上、地下分层设立的建设用地使用权应当根据当地基准地价和不动产实际交易情况，评估确定分层的出让最低价标准。
取得在地上、地下设立的建设用地使用权后，按照规定办理土地登记。
第十四条 市、县国土资源主管部门可以会同同级有关部门根据经济社会发展情况，对适宜宗地进行合理规划，适度集聚商业、办公、旅店、展览、餐饮、会议、文娱和交通等部分城市生活空间功能，发展混合功能建筑，提升土地利用效率和效益。
第十五条 对具备宗地划分条件但因不同用途高度关联、需要整体规划建设、确实难以分割供应的综合用途建设项目用地，市、县国土资源主管部门应当分别明确不同用途地块的位置、面积、使用性质和容积率、建筑密度等规划条件和土地使用标准，分别按照用途、使用年期和开发条件评估不同用途地块价格后，综合确定出让底价，按照一宗土地实行整体供应。
综合用途建设项目用地中不得包含可以分宗供应的商品住宅用地，宗地内各类用途的建设用地必须符合土地使用标准，包含需要招标拍卖挂牌出让土地的，整宗土地应当采用招标拍卖挂牌的方式供应。
依法取得综合用途土地后，应当根据土地出让合同等土地合法权属来源材料同时登记各类土地的位置、用途、面积、使用权类型、使用期限等内容。
第五章 市场配置
第十六条 国家逐步缩小划拨用地范围。
除军事、社会保障性住房和特殊用地等可以继续以划拨方式取得建设用地使用权外，对国家机关办公和交通、能源、水利等基础设施(产业)、城市基础设施以及各类社会事业用地逐步实行有偿使用。
第十七条 市、县国土资源主管部门在供应工业用地时，可以采取先将国有建设用地使用权租赁给土地使用者，并明确约定在项目正式投产后转为出让建设用地使用权的供应方式。
以先租赁后出让方式供应工业用地的，应当以招标、拍卖、挂牌的方式租赁。建设用地使用权人达到合同约定的受让条件后，国土资源主管部门与建设用地使用权人另行签订国有建设用地使用权出让合同。
第十八条 鼓励土地使用者在符合规定条件的前提下，通过厂房加层、老厂改造、内部整理等途径提高土地利用率。
对符合规划、不改变用途的现有工业用地，提高土地利用率和增加容积率的，不再增收土地价款。
第十九条 市、县国土资源主管部门和土地使用者可以在国有建设用地使用权出让合同中约定，对土地开发强度、投入标准达不到规定要求的工业项目用地，市、县国土资源主管部门有权采取有偿收购的方式收回建设用地使用权。
第二十条 市、县国土资源主管部门供应工业用地的，不得低于国家规定的工业用地最低价标准。
符合节约集约用地要求且属于国家鼓励产业的工业用地可以实行差别化的地价实施政策，具体办法由国土资源部另行制定。
第六章 整治更新
第二十一条 县级以上地方国土资源主管部门应当依据土地利用总体规划，统筹开展田、水、路、林、村综合整治，对历史遗留的工矿等废弃地进行复垦，对城镇低效利用土地进行更新，提高土地利用效率和效益，改善城乡人民群众生产生活条件和生态环境。
第二十二条 农用地整治应当坚持促进耕地集中连片，增加有效耕地面积，提升耕地质量，优化用地结构和布局的要求，提高集约利用水平和规模经营效益。
宜农未利用地开发应当在坚持有利于改善生态环境的条件下，因地制宜适度开展，提高土地资源和环境承载力。
第二十三条 高标准基本农田建设应当严格控制田间基础设施占地规模，合理缩减田间基础设施占地率。对占地率未达到国家关于高标准基本农田建设相关标准规范要求的，县级以上国土资源主管部门不得通过项目验收。对占地率降幅较大的项目，可以给予奖励。
第二十四条 县级以上地方国土资源主管部门可以会同有关部门按照国家有关规定，通过调整用途、协商收回、自主开发等方式，对布局散乱、利用粗放、用途不合理的特定城镇建成区进行更新，优化土地利用结构和布局，促进产业升级、人居环境改善。
第二十五条 开展土地整治和城镇更新，应当符合下列条件：
(一)符合土地利用总体规划和相关专项规划；
(二)与当地经济发展水平相适应；
(三)土地权属清晰；
(四)补偿安置、土地权属调整必须与相关权利人协商一致；
(五)拟开展农村土地整治和城镇更新的区域，必须以群众自愿为前提，经项目区内90%以上的群众同意；
(六)农村土地整治的土地增值收益大部分返还农村；
(七)国土资源部规定的其他条件。
第二十六条 省级国土资源主管部门应当加强对土地整治和城镇更新的监督管理，对违反国家有关规定开展土地整治和城镇更新的，应当责令相关国土资源主管部门限期改正。
第二十七条 农村闲置宅基地实行自愿有偿退出。集体经济组织可以根据有稳定的其他居住条件的宅基地使用权人申请，采取置换、奖励、补助或者城镇购房补贴等方式协商收回空闲或者多余的宅基地。
第二十八条 退出的农村宅基地依法优先用于满足本集体经济组织成员符合规定申请宅基地的需求，或者按照有关规定进行整理、复垦和利用。
第七章 监督管理
第二十九条 县级以上国土资源主管部门应当加强土地市场动态监测与监管，对建设用地批准和供应后开发情况实行全程监管，促进土地节约集约利用。
第三十条 县级以上国土资源主管部门建立土地开发利用动态信息公开制度，定期在门户网站上公布土地供应、合同履行等情况，提高土地开发利用效率。
第三十一条 县级以上国土资源主管部门应当组织开展本行政区域内的建设用地普查，全面掌握建设用地开发利用和投入产出情况、集约利用程度、潜力规模与空间分布等情况，作为土地管理和节约集约用地评价的基础。
第三十二条 县级以上国土资源主管部门应当根据建设用地普查情况，定期组织开展城市和开发区节约集约用地评价，并将评价结果向社会公开。
评价结果作为主管部门绩效管理和开发区升级、扩区、区位调整和退出的重要依据。
第三十三条 省级以上国土资源主管部门应当按照国家有关规定，定期对下级国土资源主管部门土地节约集约利用工作和目标完成情况进行考核，根据考核结果确定各地区土地节约集约利用等级，等级确定与先进评比、资源分配和政策鼓励相挂钩。
具体考核办法由国土资源部另行制定。
第八章 法律责任
第三十四条 县级以上国土资源主管部门及其工作人员违反本规定，有下列情形之一的，依法给予处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任：
(一)违反本规定第十条的规定通过用地审查和办理供地手续的；
(二)违反本规定第二十三条的规定通过高标准基本农田项目验收的；
(三)违反本规定第二十五条的规定开展土地整治和城镇更新的；
(四)其他徇私舞弊、滥用职权和玩忽职守行为。
第九章 附 则
第三十五条 本办法自2014年 月 日起实施。(记者 仝宗莉)
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