Go homepage(回首页) Upload pictures (上传图片) Write articles (发文字帖)
The author:(作者)delvpublished in(发表于) 2013/10/31 9:34:11 New method specific corkage fee and minimum charge gunso void
Authorities wide nets in Beijing, October 30 (reporter Hou Yan) according to voice of the news report in aspect ratio, standard contract no "overbearing clause", "three guarantees" system extension, written recall system of basic laws. A few days ago, the national people's Congress had just passed the decision on revising consumer protection law, and you've just mentioned that it should also be a large number of consumers of most concern.
These changes indicate that amending the law to focus on strengthening the liability of the operator, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. Until then, consumers reflect more, larger, mainly some provisions of the King.
For example, "the hotels charge a minimum consumption, corkage fee", "prepaid card balance over no refund", "the House dealing contract rights and obligations do not" and so on. Then, with the introduction of the new Act, these problems can be effectively solved?
Charge a corkage fee, the lowest consumption, which has been criticized by consumer complaint against the provisions of the King, always there. New method specific to the "overbearing clause" say no, stating that "operators are not allowed to format articles, notices, statements, notices and other means, exclude or limit consumer rights, operators of exemption or mitigation of responsibility, increase consumer responsibilities to consumers, such as unfair and unreasonable."
But in this law, the parties for specific connotation is present disputed provisions of the King. Renmin University of China Law School Professor Liu junhai believes that corkage fee, private room fee, that is provisions of the King, in violation of fair contract spirit.
Liu junhai: what is the spirit of contract? There are three levels, one is freedom of contract, and second, contractual justice, the third is the contract strictly. Said was signed had to be fulfilled, is focused only on the performance of liberty, and it is free on the surface, formal freedom, rather than consumer-oriented inner freedom, rational State of freedom.
Zhu Jianqiao, Deputy Director of the State administration for industry and Commerce and regulations Division believe can not be generalized, for a certain category of standard terms, cannot be understood to simplistic labels.
Zhu Jianqiao: if I want a plate of peanuts, I take a bottle of erguotou, I have to be a bag, just a fair and reasonable? Minimum charge how to judge, law gave a very clear conditions, first of all, must be aimed at significantly enhancing consumers ' awareness. The second element, standard terms must be fair and reasonable, and this requires specific cases to determine.
Participation in legal modifications Du Tao, Deputy Director of the NPC Law Committee civil law point out that what provisions of the King, also required by the judicial authorities, in accordance with the specific case to determine.
Du Tao: the legislation does not contain specific manifestations listed, as far as possible with legal guidance for the judiciary, administrative law-enforcement departments when it comes to specific cases, using legal provisions specific to judge.
"Three guarantees" provisions are a means of achieving product quality guarantee, including returns, replacement, repair and other obligations. A new method to further improve the "three guarantees" provisions, not only clarified the priority right to the return of consumers, also expanded the scope of the guarantees provided.
2010 media exposure, some flat-panel TV manufacturers to "LCD color TVs are not colour television set" as an excuse, refusing to implement the "three guarantees" service. Since then, the AQSIQ issued a notice to flat-panel TV product-guarantees implementation of the main components into the machine and display part catalogs.
State administration for industry and Commerce Deputy Secretary Huang introduced the protection of consumers ' rights, and for the application of "three guarantees" catalogue of phased expansion, however the amendments will package all goods included in the "three guarantees".
Huang: we got several groups of "three guarantees" of specific products, such as the first comes to television sets, washing machines, air conditioners such a second group of us, fixed telephone and mobile phone, the third batch is a desktop computer and a laptop. These are set by the State, however, specific provisions are introduced for specific varieties. Now equal to the product range was extended to all surfaces, 7th, as long as there are quality problems, you may return it.
Huang also stressed the "three guarantees" free principle, that is, return, replacement, repair costs arising shall be borne by the operators.
Then take the recall system. Many people may be familiar with recall system started with a defective vehicle products recall, in fact, recall also involves 11 products such as foods, dairy products, children's toys, and this new method provides for the recall of scope applies to all goods and services.
AQSIQ Regulation Division Director minggang Li pointed out that, unlike "three guarantees" compared to recall more emphasis on the liability of the operator.
Minggang LI: the recall and "three packs of" have a lot in common, such as measures to repair, back, change. But there are many differences between the two, "three packs of" the subject is to be dealt with in civil relations on both sides, who launched the "three guarantees", is often the consumers came to operators. Recall, in turn, is the operator came to consumers.
So how do you ensure that operators can proactively carry out recall obligations? In this regard, Renmin University of China Law School Professor Liu junhai said that a new method there are three magic weapons.
Liu junhai: product recall system of legal consequences, is actually three aspects, civil liability, criminal responsibility, administrative responsibility. Product recalls is not actually a moral advocate, but heavy responsibility.
(Original title: new method specified provisions of the King invalid stop corkage fee and minimum charge)
央广网北京10月30日消息(记者侯艳)据中国之声《新闻纵横》报道，格式合同拒绝“霸王条款”、“三包”制度扩大适用范围、召回制度写入基本法律。前几天，人大刚刚通过了关于修改消费者权益保护法的决定，而刚刚我们提到的这些内容也成为众多消费者最为关注的。
这种种变化都表明，修法者要着重强化经营者的责任，保障消费者的合法权益。而在此之前，消费者反映较多、意见较大的，主要是一些霸王条款。
比如说，“饭店收取包间最低消费、开瓶费”，“预付卡余额超期不退”、“房屋买卖合同权利义务不对等”等。那么，随着新法的出台，这些问题能否而得到有效解决呢？
收取开瓶费、最低消费，这些被消费者一直诟病的霸王条款屡被投诉，却一直存在。新消法明确对“霸王条款”说不，规定“经营者不得以格式条款、通知、声明、告示等方式，作出排除或者限制消费者权利、减轻或者免除经营者责任、加重消费者责任等对消费者不公平、不合理的规定”。
但是在这样的法律规定下，各方对于霸王条款的具体内涵还是存在争议。中国人民大学法学院教授刘俊海认为，开瓶费、包间费，就是霸王条款，违反了公平契约精神。
刘俊海：什么是契约精神？有三个层面，一是契约自由，二是契约正义，三是契约严守。过去说签了字不得不履行，是只注重履约自由，而且是表面上的自由，形式上的自由，而没有注重消费者内心的自由，理性状态下的自由。
国家工商总局法规司副司长朱剑桥却认为不能一概而论，对于某一类格式条款，不能简单化标签化的理解。
朱剑桥：如果我就是要一盘花生米，我自己带瓶二锅头，我非得要一个包间，是不是就是公平合理的呢？最低消费怎么去判断，法条给了非常明确的条件，第一，必须是以显著方式提醒消费者注意。第二个要件，格式条款必须是公平合理的，这就需要具体的个案来判断。
参与法律修改的全国人大常委会法工委民法室副主任杜涛指出，到底什么是霸王条款，还需由司法机关根据具体案例作出判断。
杜涛：立法没有对具体表现形式列举，尽量用法律语言指引司法机关、行政执法部门碰到具体案件时，利用法律规定的原则具体判断。
“三包”规定是实现产品质量担保的一种方式，包括退货、更换、修理等义务。新消法进一步完善“三包”规定，不仅明确了消费者的优先退货权，还扩大了三包规定的适用范围。
2010年媒体曾曝光，一些平板电视厂商以“液晶彩电不是彩色电视机”为由，拒绝实施“三包”服务。此后，国家质检总局发布公告，将平板电视商品的整机和显示屏等主要部件纳入《实施三包的部分商品目录》。
国家工商总局消费者权益保护局副局长黄建华介绍，此前对于适用“三包”的商品目录是分批扩展的，但是这次修法将所有商品一揽子纳入“三包”。
黄建华：原来我们搞了几批“三包”的具体产品，比如第一批涉及到电视机、洗衣机、空调这类的，第二批我们搞了固定电话机和移动电话机，第三批是搞台式电脑和电脑笔记本。这些都是国家规定的，但是毕竟是针对特殊的品种出台的具体规定。现在等于是把面扩大到所有的商品范围，7日之内，只要是有质量问题的就可以退货。
黄建华还强调“三包”的免费原则，也就是因为退货、更换、修理所产生的费用都应由经营者承担。
再来看看召回制度。可能很多人熟悉召回制度是从缺陷汽车产品召回开始的，其实此前，我国召回制度还涉及食品、乳制品、儿童玩具等11种产品，而此次新消法规定召回范围适用所有商品和服务。
国家质检总局法规司法规处处长李明刚指出，与“三包”相比，召回更强调经营者的责任。
李明刚：召回和“三包”有很多共同点，比如措施方面都有修、退、换。但是两者的区别也很多，“三包”的主体是双方民事关系要解决的，谁发动了“三包”，往往是消费者主动找经营者。召回则反过来，是经营者主动找消费者。
那么如何保证经营者能够主动履行召回的义务呢？对此，中国人民大学法学院教授刘俊海指出，新消法有三大法宝。
刘俊海：违背产品召回制度的法律后果，实际上是三个方面，民事责任、行政责任、刑事责任。产品召回实际上并不是道义上的倡导，而是沉甸甸的责任。
(原标题：新消法明确规定霸王条款无效 叫停开瓶费和最低消费)
赞