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The author:(作者)delvpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/8 9:51:35 Chinese hackers for 15 years： looking for hacker spirit of ruined by black gold
On June 16, 1998, the Shanghai information network of staff during routine checks, the intruder attacks on the discover network. On July 13, the criminal suspect Yang was arrested. This is my first case of computer hacker was arrested on July 13 has also been frozen as the starting point of Chinese hacking surfaced, which began exactly 15 years from today.
What is a hacker? Real hackers may vary with what most people understand. Hacker, Hacker transliteration from English narrowly refers to a specialized computer lovers, discover computers and network vulnerabilities. According to the original definition of hacker, the hacker's pursuit of a fanatical interest in computers and dedicated hackers should not be affected by political, should contribute to the development and improvement of computer and network.
Hackers did not vandalized, according to Eric Raymond, the founder of open source plan explanation of the word, hacker and cracker is belong to two different ethnic groups of the world, basic difference is that a hacker is constructive and cracker specializes in sabotage.
A brief history of Chinese hackers
According to the well-known hacker "ice blood" recalls that the Masters of China's first generation of hackers are from Taiwan's Lin Zhenglong . In 1995 he wrote the earliest Chinese hacking tutorials hackers getting started eight of the series, become the guru of HTML ever. Since then, information security and hacking in China started by a spark, becoming the force of a prairie fire.
1997 pioneers of Chinese hacker groups "Green Beret" was born, this year can also be called year one of Chinese hackers , Chinese hackers, regardless of any team, any team, is back with a Green Corps. Gong Wei, founder of Green Beret (Goodwell) is known as the godfather of Chinese hackers. Under Green Beret training China hawk eagle (WAN Tao), network strength cold noodles (Coldface), Shenzhen morning Xie Chaoxia group of hackers and technical leaders.
Well-known hacker organizations "phantom" founder Wu Hanqing put the past 15 years, the development about Chinese hackers can be divided into three stages: initial era, the golden age, the dark age.
"The age of enlightenment is in the 1990 of the 20th century, China's Internet is just in its infancy at that time, a number of emerging technology-loving young people influence by foreign hacker technology, began to study security vulnerabilities. "Wu Hanqing said hackers in the age of enlightenment is mostly gone down this road because of a personal interest, curiosity and thirst for knowledge that drives them forward momentum, there's no benefit to do.
"Chinese hackers through the Internet of this period, see the world, so with the West over the hacker spirit is the chain of the birth, they believe in sharing, free spirit, free Internet, and are keen to share their latest research results. "Wu Hanqing concludes.
The golden age
In the years since then, with the help of several nationalist agitation, special groups of hackers that attracted a community of almost every eye, hacking the spread hacker culture, and the unique charm of a hacking technique has attracted numerous young people embark on this path. Development has entered an unprecedented golden age of hackers.
The most representative of which is Indonesian anti-Chinese sentiment in events that took place in December 1998, led to China's first online patriotic activities. At that time, Indonesia launched a series of riots against Chinese Muslim. Based on data issued by the Indonesian official investigation bodies, of ethnic Chinese in Indonesia a total of 1250 people died and 24 others were injured, 85 women were subjected to rape, gang rape, and so on. The news broke, the Chinese hackers launched Internet protests spontaneously.
Accompanied by a nationalist event again and again, hacker groups in China to the top along with the nationalist event again and again, hacker groups in China to its peak since May 1999, NATO claimed that the accidental bombing of the Chinese Embassy, in July 1999, Taiwan Lee Teng-hui on the freedom of expression, the Nanjing massacre Japan trial against sparked Chinese hackers dier、San、SICI network patriotic activities.
In May 2001, the Sino-US plane collision incident caused Sino-US hacker war Chinese hacking-tide to the vertex. Time to honker Union of China as the core of Chinese hackers and United States hacker organization battle, both hundreds of Government Web sites are subject to different levels of attack.
Wu Hanqing evaluation of the incident, said that "Sino-US hacker war is very extensive, many young people take the road embarked on a so-called hackers. After this event, various hacker groups, forums such as springing up. It inspired a generation of young people. ”
However, over the next two years in all kinds of hacking Forum and entered a period of turmoil, first built enthusiasm dissipated quickly. Wu Hanqing recalls hacker organization collapsed mainly because of the difficulty of finding profit model, cannot be sustained .
In addition, many hacker groups began attacking the main way is a DDOS attack, DDOS defense requires high cost, hacker groups are non-profit models, it is difficult to support this consumption, many hackers forced the closure of the Forum.
Lost years
Hacking started after the collapse of hackers began to face restructuring. For them only two options, one mob, earned through ones, fishing grey; one is Moon's path and study on network security .
"First of black gold industry is do game stolen,, through Trojans stole equipment, and sold, do have good can earning a hundred thousand of, stolen, business has been continued fire has is long time, as the big manufacturers anti-stolen, means of upgrade, black gold industry chain began steering advertising Union cheat: brush Google, and Baidu Union, then is fishing fraud, and trafficking vulnerability, and produced malicious software, and to profit for purpose of attack acts. ”
"Master security technology hackers are actually alone stood at a crossroads. Black project can make hundreds of millions a year, the white force each year can earn hundreds of thousands of would be better. Temptation is a black circle, is a severe case of legal sanctions and friends out of jail. What to do? "360 site safety Director Zhao Wu summed up in a column of that generation of hackers hard choices.
Accompanied by the development of the security industry, hacker utilitarian in getting stronger. Black chain began to mature, and the whole industry annually billions of losses caused to the Internet, and stick to the white stripe hackers have grown for the safety of high-level personnel.
Renaissance hacker spirit
Hacker spirit is the core of what? In the well-known hacker Eagle view, first of all, is free, do not so much control, so many rules, followed by loyalty, is the link between man, mutual assistance are equal, regardless of whether you are old, small, are equal in both the 70hou and the $literal and finally the brotherhood, sharing, sharing spirit.
"Hacker groups in this period because of lack of trust between each other no longer has the spirit of openness and sharing, the most pure hacker spirit is dead. Hacker spirit represented by the Open, Free, Share are gone forever. "Wu Hanqing said.
However, hacker Eagle is not so pessimistic. "As China's network security laws more stringent, the hacker spirit in the last couple of years, there are signs of recovery. "Eagle", for example, on the one hand, and hackers have become devotees of Chinese and foreign exchange abroad can often be seen at the hacker Conference the Chinese figure. Help others looking for white hat vulnerability began to accumulate on the other hand, these award-winning vulnerability platforms bring a silver lining to the hacker spirit of the Renaissance.
In 2011, a group of top Chinese hackers together in the formulation of the COG hacker Convention on self-discipline, wrote in the Convention: money does not equal evil, but money is definitely not ability to demonstrate and prove that hacker standard in order to sell social general public privacy information for the purpose of the activity is not hacking.
This Convention also restate the definition of hacker spirit: hacker spirit is used to describe those who are passionate about problem-solving, overcoming the limits of. Hacker spirit and therefore not only (limited to) electronic, computer, or network, the hacker spirit, and this is not characteristic of a human being in an environment, hacker spirit, and this can be played in any other field, such as in music or art.
"Curious, doubt, independent thinking and openness, sharing is the hacker spirit of performance characteristics. In fact, the hacker spirit is good at thinking independently, like the freedom to explore a way of thinking: the highest level of spiritual freedom. "The Convention says.
1998年6月16日，上海某信息网的工作人员在例行检查时，发现网络遭到不速之客的袭击。7月13日，犯罪嫌疑人杨某被逮捕。这是我国第一例电脑黑客被捕事件，7月13日也被定格为中国黑客浮出水面的起点，这一始点距今天恰好15年。
什么是黑客？真正的黑客可能与大多数人所理解的有所差异。黑客，由英语Hacker音译出来的，狭义是指专门研究、发现计算机和网络漏洞的计算机爱好者。根据黑客的原始定义，黑客对计算机有着狂热的兴趣和执着的追求，黑客不应该受政治利用，应推动计算机和网络的发展与完善。
黑客所做的不是恶意破坏，根据开放原始码计划创始人Eric Raymond对此字的解释，hacker与cracker是分属两个不同世界的族群，基本差异在于，hacker是有建设性的，而cracker则专门搞破坏。
中国黑客简史
根据知名黑客“冰血封情”的回顾，中国最早的一代黑客大师是来自台湾的林正隆。他在1995年撰写了中国最早的黑客教程《黑客入门教程系列》八篇，成为中国黑客史开天辟地的一代宗师。从此，信息安全与黑客技术便在中国开始由星星之火，渐成燎原之势。
1997年中国黑客团体的先驱“绿色兵团”诞生，这一年也可以称为中国黑客的元年，此后中国黑客界无论任何团队、任何小组，皆有绿色兵团的背影。绿色兵团的创始人龚蔚(Goodwell)被誉为中国黑客教父。绿色兵团麾下培养了中国鹰派的老鹰(万涛)、网络力量的冷面(Coldface)、深圳晨光的谢朝霞等一批黑客技术领袖。
知名黑客组织“幻影”创始人吴翰清把过去15年间，中国黑客的发展大约可以分为三个阶段：启蒙时代、黄金时代、黑暗时代。
“启蒙时代是20世纪90年代，那时中国的互联网也刚刚处于起步阶段，一些热爱新兴技术的青年受到国外黑客技术的影响，开始研究安全漏洞。”吴翰清说，启蒙时代中的黑客大多是由于个人爱好而走上这条道路，好奇心与求知欲是驱使他们前进的动力，没有任何利益的瓜葛。
“这个时期的中国黑客们通过互联网，看到了世界，因此与西方发达国家同期诞生的黑客精神是一脉相传的，他们崇尚分享、自由、免费的互联网精神，并热衷于分享自己的最新研究成果。 ”吴翰清总结说。
黄金时代
此后的几年中，借助几次民族主义事件的风潮，黑客这个特殊的群体一下子几乎吸引了社会的所有眼球，黑客圈子所宣扬的黑客文化以及黑客技术的独特魅力吸引了无数的青少年走上这条道路。黑客的发展进入了前所未有的黄金时代。
其中最具代表性的是1998年12月发生的印尼排华事件，引发了中国第一次网络卫国活动。 当时，印度尼西亚穆斯林发动的一系列针对华人的暴动。依据印尼官方调查机构发布的数据，印尼华人共计1250人死亡，24人受伤，85名妇女遭到强奸、轮奸等。消息传出，中国黑客自发发起网络抗议活动。
伴随着一次次民族主义事件，黑客群体在中国走向顶峰伴随着一次次民族主义事件，黑客群体在中国走向顶峰，此后1999年5月的北约声称误炸中国大使馆事件、1999年7月台湾李登辉两国论言论、南京大屠杀在日本庭审败诉，引发了中国黑客第二、三、四次网络卫国活动。
2001年5月的中美撞机事件引发的中美黑客大战将中国的黑客浪潮推向顶点。当时以中国红客联盟为核心的中国黑客们与美国黑客组织展开攻防战，中美双方数百家政府网站受到不同程度的攻击。
吴翰清评价这一事件时说，“中美黑客大战影响非常地广泛，很多青少年走由此走上了所谓的黑客路。自此事件后，各种黑客组织、论坛如雨后春笋般冒出。这件事影响了一代年轻人。”
不过，在之后的两年中各类黑客组织和论坛开始进入了混乱期，初建热情迅速消退。吴翰清回忆说，黑客组织的崩塌主要的原因是难以找到盈利模式，无法维持。
另外，当时很多黑客组织开始互相攻击，一种最主要的方式是DDOS攻击，而防御DDOS需要很高成本的，黑客组织都是非盈利模式，难以支撑这种消耗，不少黑客论坛被迫关闭。
失落年代
黑客组织陆续解体后，黑客们开始面临转型。对他们来说只有两条路可走，一条是黑道，通过盗号、钓鱼等手段赚灰色收入；一条是白道，研究网络安全。
“最早的黑金产业就是做游戏盗号，通过木马偷装备、卖钱，做得好可以月入十几万，盗号生意一直持续火了很长时间，随着各大厂商反盗号手段的升级，黑金产业链开始转向广告联盟作弊：刷谷歌、百度联盟，然后就是钓鱼诈骗、贩卖漏洞、制作恶意软件，以及以赢利为目的的攻击行为。”
“掌握安全技术的黑客们实际上是孤独的站在十字路口。做黑产项目每年能赚到几百甚至上千万，而做白每年苦逼的能赚到几十万就算不错。一边是充满诱惑的黑产圈子，一边是严厉的法律制裁和身边朋友进监狱的案例。究竟该何去何从？”360网站安全检测总监赵武在一篇专栏文章中道出了那一代黑客们的艰难选择。
伴随着安全产业的发展，黑客的功利性越来越强。黑色产业链开始成熟，整个地下产业每年都会给互联网造成数十亿的损失，而坚持走白道的黑客们则陆续成长为安全领域的高级人才。
复兴黑客精神
黑客精神的核心是什么？在知名黑客老鹰看来，首先是自由，不要那么多控制、那么多规则；其次是义气，就是哥们之间互助；然后是平等，不管你是老、少，不管是70后还是90后都是平等的；最后是博爱，共享、分享的精神。
“这一时期的黑客群体因为互相之间缺失信任已经不再具有开放和分享的精神，最为纯粹的黑客精神实质上已经死亡。黑客精神所代表的Open、Free 、Share一去不复返了。”吴翰清说。
不过，黑客老鹰却并不这么悲观。“随着中国对网络安全相关法律越来越严密，黑客精神在这一两年中有复苏的迹象。”老鹰举例说，一方面，中国的黑客开始热衷于与国外交流，在国外的黑客大会上常常可以见到中国人的身影。另一方面帮助别人寻找漏洞的白帽子开始增多，这些有奖漏洞平台给黑客精神的复兴带来一丝曙光。
2011年一群中国的顶尖黑客们聚在一起制订了《COG 黑客自律公约》，公约中写道：金钱不等于罪恶，但金钱绝对不是彰显和证明黑客能力的标准，以买卖社会普通公众隐私信息为目的的活动不是黑客行为。
这份公约还重新描述了黑客精神的定义：黑客精神是用来形容那些热衷于解决问题、克服限制的人的。因此黑客精神并不单单指(限制于)电子、计算机或网络，黑客精神的特质不是处于某个环境中的人所特有的，黑客精神的特质可以发挥在其他任何领域，例如音乐或艺术等方面。
“好奇、怀疑、独立思考、开放、共享都是黑客精神的表现特质。事实上，黑客精神指的就是善于独立思考、喜欢自由探索的一种思维方式：精神的最高境界是自由。 ”公约如是说。
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