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published in(发表于) 2013/11/11 23:59:51
21st century economic report： reform of local government functions into key

　The transformation of government functions is about reforming the success or failure

Not long ago, the Central Government issued regulations on the transformation of local government function and reform of the opinion, in recent days, Premier once again to convene and preside over the transformation of local government function and reform, delivered an important speech, this is the second function transformation after the mobilization of the teleconference in May of this year the State Department agencies is an important meeting, aimed at further mobilization and implementation of reform initiatives.

Ever since the third plenary session, the Chinese Government has always hold high the "one Center, two basic points" banner, that is, "economic development as the central task, adhere to the four cardinal principles, adhere to reform and opening up", is the focus of the Government's economic construction for more than 30 years, but sometimes excessive evolution as "only the GDP Heroes" concept. Through horizontal regional competition between local governments on the one hand, and the vertical "official promotion to the Championship", inspired by the energy of strong economic growth, it should be said that local governments in the process of China's economic miracle has made great contributions.

But on the, are because Government excessive intervention economic and market, continued and constantly expanded government investment to maintained growth, led to has capacity excess, and inflation, and place debt runaway and investment efficiency increasingly low of consequences, meanwhile is ignored has this should bear of improved livelihood, and reduced wealth gap, and prevent pollution, responsibility, appeared has more got construction and national well-being more departed from of phenomenon, this indicates that China to has must transformation of when.

Prerequisite requirements of the transformation of the Central Government must abandon the GDP assessment performance practices, or if you simply gross national product growth rate continues to motivate local governments and officials, will not be able to transition, structural adjustment of China's economy there cannot afford it. Therefore, transformation of local government function and reform of the assumption should be the central political goal to change, and in this context, further rationalization of Government and market, Government, and society, the relationship between Central and local levels.

This year, the Central Government leaders frequently proposed transition requirements, and implemented a series of reform initiatives being held 18 plenary session on the comprehensive reform of the deployment demonstrated the Central Government's determination to reform. So, is the question of how to do the rest, is responsible for the implementation of the key to the success of the transformation of local government because local governments direct contact with the market, Enterprise, direct ties with the masses, and participants and the interests of the people by local governments to the implementation, maintenance and development

Therefore, local government reform is the major part of government reforms, as well as the key to the success of China's economic transition, reform of Government could achieve its desired purpose, functional transformation can implement depends to a large extent, to local governments. If local government functions and methods of work cannot be changed, unable to follow up on and implement the central policies to reform the effect will be greatly reduced.

Just like Li and asked local government economic not when "the driver", not drive straight on the road, but to keep "Street lamp" and "traffic light".

In the past, the focus on GDP growth and the Government had to direct a driver, investment, business, maintaining market order and bear the responsibility on people's livelihood have been ignored. Change of government functions is abandoned when the driver, standard regression functions, cancel approval authority, stopped business, transferring power to central market liberalization, delegated to local central functions of the connected control; the real power of this level down, put in place; pipe pipe up, place the tube in place.

This is a items huge of challenge, after all to economic construction for Center of concept since reform yilai has continued has more than 30 years, has formed has a solid of system, and concept and behavior way, wants whole old of system and mode turned to a new track, is so-called of "self revolution", old system of history inertia and reform in the growth up of interest group of resistance, will recalcitrant change, so, local government functions can changes became decided transformation success or failure of most important of factors one of.

　　政府职能转变事关改革成败

　　不久前，中央政府颁发了《关于地方政府职能转变和机构改革的意见》，近日，国务院总理再次召开和主持地方政府职能转变和机构改革会，发表了重要讲话，这是继今年5月国务院机构职能转变动员电视电话会议后又一次重要会议，意在进一步动员和落实相关改革举措。

　　自十一届三中全会以来，中国政府始终高举“一个中心，两个基本点”的旗帜，即“以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则，坚持改革开放”，三十多年来政府的工作重心就是经济建设，但有时这被过度演化为“唯GDP论英雄”观。一方面通过横向的地域间地方政府竞争以及垂直的“官员晋升锦标赛”，激发出强大的推动经济增长的能量，应当说，地方政府在中国创造经济奇迹的过程中做出了巨大的贡献。

　　但另一方面，正因为政府过度干预经济与市场，持续且不断扩大政府投资来维持增长，导致了产能过剩、通货膨胀、地方债务失控以及投资效率越来越低的后果，与此同时却忽略了本应承担的改善民生、缩减贫富差距、防止环境污染等责任，出现了越搞建设与国民福祉越背离的现象，这表明中国到了必须转型的时候。

　　转型的前提要求中央政府必须放弃以GDP考核政绩的做法，否则，如果单纯仍然以国民生产总值增长率激励地方政府与官员，就无法转轨，中国经济的结构调整就无从谈起。因此，地方政府职能转变和机构改革的前提应该是中央政府对政治目标做出改变，在这个前提下，进一步理顺政府和市场、政府和社会、中央和地方的关系。

　　今年以来，中央领导人频繁提出转型要求，并实施了一系列改革举措，正在召开的十八届三中全会上作出全面的改革部署，表明了中央改革的决心。那么，剩下就是如何执行的问题，负责具体落实的地方政府成为转型能否成功的关键，因为地方政府直接与市场、企业接触，直接联系群众，市场主体和人民群众的权益也主要通过地方政府去实现、维护和发展

　　所以，地方政府改革是整个政府改革的主要部分以及中国经济转型能否成功的关键，政府机构改革能不能达到预期目的，职能转变能不能落实，很大程度上取决于地方政府。如果地方政府职能与工作方式不能转变，就无法及时跟进和落实中央政策，改革效果就会大打折扣。

　　就像李总理的比喻和要求，地方政府抓经济不是当“司机”，不是直接开车上路，而是要管好“路灯”和“红绿灯”。

　　在过去，政府注重GDP增长率而不得不直接做司机，搞投资、办企业，维持市场秩序和承担民生责任却被忽略。政府职能改变就是放弃当司机，回归职能本位，取消各种审批权，停止办企业，把中央放给市场的权力接转放开，把中央下放给地方的职能接好管好；把本级该放的权力切实放下去、放到位；把地方该管的事情管起来、管到位。

　　这是一项巨大的挑战，毕竟以经济建设为中心的理念自改革开放以来已经持续了三十多年，已经形成了一套稳固的体制、观念和行为方式，想要整个旧的体制和模式转向一个新轨道，就是所谓的“自我革命”，旧体制的历史惯性以及改革中成长起来的利益集团的阻力，都会顽抗变革，所以，地方政府职能能否转变成为决定转型成败的最重要的因素之一。

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