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The author:(作者)左published in(发表于) 2013/11/12 0:00:09 Academician science background： honest person who learned to practice the skills
Editor's note
A few days ago, "2013 capital of scientific ethics and the construction of study style in colleges and universities preaching education seminar", held in the great Hall, attended by over more than 6,000 graduate students in colleges and universities in the capital report. On the report, the country's top science and technology award winner, academician Zheng Zhemin, President of the Chinese society for the history of Professor Zhang haipeng, du xiangwan, academician of China engineering respectively, made a presentation entitled "learning to practice skills, knowledge, an honest man" and "outstanding character of the older generation of scholars in scholarly research on the style of" and "adherence to the bottom line for excellence – talk with young friends" report. Published the report of academician Zheng Zhemin.
For scientists, scientific ethics and scientific integrity is important. I remember one year, back to his alma mater to speak to several professors, one professor said modestly that "maybe I class, which students will receive a Nobel Prize in the future. "Today, I am with a similarly modest heart, made a presentation.
Your young generation that was born and raised in the country after the reform and opening up, growing environment and our very different from that era, but also faces serious challenges. Now the country needs a top creative talent, and the best scientific and technological achievements and top-quality scientific and technical research teams and institutions. So, in addition to your own dreams, you're shouldering a bigger dream, a Chinese scientist working for several generations in which tasks yet to be completed, this is you cannot shirk its responsibility. Countries also need a number of broad, strategic vision, a leading figure in the leadership, who will produce among you. I sincerely hope you're postgraduate, to learn the knowledge, practice skills, and honest people, it is a scientific and technological workers "basic skills".
"Strong people in rich countries has been the main theme of our times. These flows into our bloodstream things, hide not faster than a, otherwise they will be blamed by my conscience. ”
I was born in 1924, now 89 years old. Was a frequent foreign invasion, civil war, economic decay, the people in hard times. I personally experienced in Jinan, Shandong Province "tragedy of 53" lie on the bed to escape the Japanese army's fire, Japanese sentries on the streets with fixed bayonets on gun Chase. I tasted very early taste of backward countries, people are humiliated. I have said that our generation is singing "down with foreign powers, with the exception of warlords" sing salvation songs growing up. At that time, I heard "my home is on the Songhua River in Northeast China ... ...", we tend to cry, feel that responsibility. Rich strong people have always been the main theme of our time. These flows into our bloodstream things, hide not faster than a or conscience condemns.
In 1946, dissolution of the Southwest, I was assigned to Tsinghua University. In 1948, supported by Rotary International Scholarship, studying in United States, California Institute of technology, in 1949, a master's degree, doctorate in 1952, majoring in applied mechanics, with a minor in applied mathematics, tutor was Professor Hsue-Shen Tsien. After graduation, I was United States immigration authorities illegally detained until the autumn of 1954. The spring of 1955, I returned to China, and was assigned to the Research Office of the Academy of Sciences mathematics mechanical work, were soon transferred to the newly formed mechanics Institute has been engaged in research work.
Mechanics are built on ideas inherited by the turn of the century in Germany Goettingen University G?ttingen applied mechanics of the formation of school spirit. Qian xuesen in 1948, this school of thought and practice of systematic and presents a technical sciences, and extend beyond the applied mechanics field of technical sciences. In a nutshell, task of the technical sciences, is the study of those to open up or to promote a new technical and may play an important role in the field of basic scientific questions. His discourses, aerospace and nuclear industry in the period of the second world war presented as a typical example of new industries based on science.
In a person's life, or a teacher, or colleague, or other person of few words, often can affect your life. For instance, teacher to me Qian said, "any thing, to put it in a larger context to consider, to see. "This sentence seems very normal, on the one hand helps me wake up to evaluate their own work, not to be a little bit carried away, on the other hand, also helps me constantly from the larger perspective of looking for new research directions and issues. He also said, "when you decide to undertake a study, first of all, decide, be sure to ' sweat ' work, not to do ' flashy ' work as long as the country needs, must try to accomplish. ”
Pursue research on any major projects, large or small is bound to be personal sacrifice, certainly has risks. Qian xuesen's Memorial in commemoration of the 20 anniversary of the death of Guo yonghuai martyrs said at the meeting that: "profound theories on the one hand, fiery struggle on the one hand, is a combination of hot and cold, is a combination of theory and practice, there is no coward hiding-place, nor selfish hideout, it requires talents and dedication. ”
These words, plays a big role in my life, affecting my life.
"Whether to live or work, encounter difficulties, we must adhere to, have to overcome some difficulties, outcome is rewarding. ”
I say a few little things in life and learning.
In early July 1937, my grandparents passed away, my parents back home in Ningbo for funerals. Japan full war of aggression against my country, I'll stay in rural home for half a year, playing all day with having neglected his work. In elementary school I heard and a penchant for mischief. In early 1938, I served my father called, come to Chengdu, when pupils, there was a language barrier, can't keep up with the problem. Before long, I sleep at night disturbing, at times crying in my dreams, headache all day, so my father let me out of school for half a year. Didn't think this half a year on my growth played a crucial role.
As a doctor, my father took me for a walk, morning exercise, traveling, and then we went to dujiangyan. In addition, the father made me read on Zeng Guofan's family, although not for long, but I did read carefully, as it prepared me for how to behave in the future, how life has set itself follows the rules so I will last a lifetime. Some principles in life, bottom line, we can't overcome.
I like to learn for yourself. First of all, starting from learning English. When I was in elementary school, learned how to use a dictionary, I will find the words, phonetic, read, then learning English is very helpful for me, when I went back to school to study again, my English much better than other students in the class. Once when the Astoria shopping, I found a version of Euclid's geometry textbook, just bought it back, while English while learning geometry. Geometric logic very strict, very difficult, because he insisted, and slowly I began to understand the geometric beauty of strict logic, appreciate its axioms, formulas, theorems, proven system, feeling the beauty of math from here. I soon extended to elementary physics to study independently. When reading to the inertial systems and relative motion, I ponder on a ship during the voyage to play basketball, what a feeling. I thought if there was a miniature aircraft flying in from one side of the scale, the scales will be how to respond. I'm very much a learning experience, and it makes me increased confidence in learning abilities and learning, guided me on the road to learning science.
My junior high school graduation, transfer in place at the time Ming Yin College High School of Jintang County suburbs. For an English class, the foreign teacher wrote on the Board side by side thing and sing in two words, read aloud repeatedly called me up, and then shook his head. I was very surprised about this, certainly, why not now? Originally, I was "tongue"! Thought maybe the problem was the "s" on, so he tried to tip in a different location, carefully listen to the voice of. After Sarah testing, finally found the right place. I used to be on top of the tongue side of the teeth and air leakage, I am resolved to correct. I use all the time, including walking time into practice. Hard work pays off, with about half a year's time, I took care of my "big tongue". Looking back, I think about the experience to exercise my will, must adhere to these feel, can be best achieved.
Thus, whether live or work, difficulties encountered, insist, must overcome a number of difficulties, outcome is rewarding.
"I hope that no matter what the circumstances, be like to ensure protection of life, honesty. ”
As a graduate student, I think you are right now in a very excited state, and eagerly prepared to kick, to realize your own dream. You will spend your time in 3-5 years career as a graduate student, this is also important in a person's life for some time. During this time, I hope you can learn the knowledge, growth, ability to concentrate, and has become the successor in the field of science and technology.
First of all, I hope to find and nurture our own interest. Regardless of what kind of research interest is the basic motivation, it makes people set to work with enthusiasm, and even reached the point of sleep. This made it possible a first-class results. Einstein had lovers love to describe this state of mind. So-called search for truth is not preset box, there is a word called liberating thoughts, do away with superstitions and bread containing scientific autonomy, to have their own ideas, not blind faith. I'm sure all of you in the learning process for this reason will have a better experience.
Second, the scientific ethics has many versions, some very specific detail, but the basic spirit is the same, to seriously take a look at our very necessary. Today, I want to say is that scientific ethics are generally followed by the scientific community in order to guarantee the healthy development of science. And honesty of our daily life, honesty, respect for others, do unto you the principle is the same. An honest man, is not going to fake data or approved inspection data and to publish it, he won't cook up false theories to deceive people. Therefore, I hope that no matter what the circumstances, be like to ensure protection of life, honesty.
Once again, we are now in the era of the information society and the information explosion, there are many ways to engage in academic exchanges. I would like to mention here the problem, most importantly face-to-face interactions, which cannot be replaced by other modes of communication. In face-to-face communication, each other's every move, an expression, a few words of conversation, tend to inspire you in a series of unexpected associations. I hope that we should pay attention to the face to face communication between people.
(Edit: SN095)November 11, 2013 Guangming daily(院士谈科技工作者底色：学知识练本领做诚实人 |科学|科技|底色_新闻资讯
编者按
日前，“2013年首都高校科学道德和学风建设宣讲教育报告会”在人民大会堂召开，首都高校6000多名研究生参加报告会。报告会上，国家最高科学技术奖获得者、两院院士郑哲敏，中国史学会会长张海鹏教授，中国工程院杜祥琬院士分别作了题为“学知识、练本领、做诚实人”、“学习老一辈学者在治学与学风上的优秀品格”、“恪守底线 追求卓越——与青年朋友谈心”的报告。以下刊发郑哲敏院士的报告。
对于科技工作者，科学道德和科学诚信是重要的。记得有一年，回母校跟几位教授谈话，有一位教授谦虚地说，“说不定我的班上，未来将会有哪位同学获诺贝尔奖。”今天，我怀着同样谦虚的心情作报告。
你们年轻的一代，大都在国家改革开放后出生长大，成长的环境和我们那个时代迥然不同，但同样面临严峻的挑战。现在国家需要第一流的创新人才，第一流的科技成果和第一流的科学和技术研究的队伍和机构。所以说，除了你们自己的梦，你们还肩负着一个更大的梦，一份几代中国科学家为之努力而尚待完成的任务，这是你们身上不可推卸的责任。国家还需要一批胸怀宽广、有战略眼光、有领导能力的领军人物，这些人也会在你们中间产生。因此我真诚希望你们在研究生期间，要努力学知识，练本领，做诚实人，这是一个科技工作者的“基本功”。
“富国强民一直是我们时代的主旋律。这些流淌在我们血液里的东西，躲也躲不开，否则会受到本人良心的谴责。”
我出生在1924年，离现在89年了。那是一个外敌入侵、内战频繁、经济凋零、人民生活困难的时代。我亲身经历了山东济南的“五三惨案”，趴在床底躲避日军的炮火，在街上被日军哨兵拿着上了刺刀的枪追逐。我很早就品尝到了国家落后、人民受人欺凌的滋味。我曾说，我们这一代是唱着“打倒列强，除军阀”，唱着救亡歌曲长大的。那时，只要听到“我的家在东北松花江上……”，我们往往会落泪，感受到自己肩负的责任。富国强民一直是我们时代的主旋律。这些流淌在我们血液里的东西，躲也躲不开，否则会受到良心的谴责。
1946年西南联大解散，我被分配到清华大学。1948年在国际扶轮社奖学金的支持下，留学美国加州理工学院，1949年获硕士学位，1952年获博士学位，主修应用力学，辅修应用数学，博士生导师是钱学森先生。毕业后，我被美国移民局非法拘留至1954年秋。1955年春，我回到国内，被分配到科学院数学所力学研究室工作，旋即转入新成立的力学研究所从事研究工作至今。
力学所的建所思想继承了上世纪初在德国哥廷根大学形成的哥廷根应用力学学派的精神。钱学森在1948年将这个学派的思想和实践系统化，提出了技术科学，并且把技术科学领域扩展到应用力学之外。概括地说，技术科学的任务，就是研究那些对开辟或推动新的工程技术领域可能发挥重要作用的基本科学问题。他在论述中，将二战时期的航空航天和核工业作为基于科学的新型产业的典型例子提出。
在人的一生中，或老师、或同事、或其他人的片言只语，往往可以影响你的一生。譬如我的老师钱学森说过，“任何一件事，都要把它放在一个更大的背景中来考虑，来观察。”这句话看起来很平常，一方面帮助我清醒地评价自己的工作，不要被一点点成果冲昏头脑，另一方面，也帮助我不断地从更大的视野中寻找新的研究方向和课题。他还说过，“当你决定从事某项研究前，先要下个决心，一定要做‘出汗’的工作，不要做那些‘华而不实’的工作；只要国家需要，就要努力去完成。”
从事任何重大项目的研究，或大或小必然会有个人的牺牲，也必然有风险。钱学森在纪念郭永怀烈士牺牲二十周年的纪念大会上说：“一方面是精深的理论，一方面是火热的斗争，是冷与热的结合，是理论与实践的结合，这里没有胆小鬼的藏身处，也没有自私者的藏身地，这里需要的是真才实学和献身精神。”
这些话，对我的一生都起着很大的作用，影响了我的一生。
“不论生活或工作，遇到困难，一定要坚持，一生必须克服一些困难，付出总会有收获。”
我说几件生活和学习中的小事。
1937年7月初，我的祖父母相继去世，我随父母赶回老家宁波奔丧。日本全面侵略我国的战争爆发，我留在农村老家半年，整天玩荒废了学业。其实在小学时我贪玩，爱搞一些恶作剧。1938年初，我奉父亲之召，到成都上学，当插班生，出现了语言不通，功课跟不上的问题。不久，我夜间睡觉不安，时常在梦中哭，整天闹头痛，于是父亲让我休学半年。没想到这半年，对我的成长起到了十分关键的作用。
为看病，我父亲带着我散步，晨练，旅游，那时候我们去了都江堰。另外，父亲让我读曾国藩家训，虽然时间不长，但是我确实认真地读了，这为我今后如何做人，如何生活立下了自我遵循的规矩，使我终身受用。生活中有些原则，有些底线，我们是不能逾越的。
我喜欢自学。这首先是从学习英语开始的。我在小学的时候学会了用字典，我会查生字，会拼音，会认字，这对我后来的英语学习很有帮助，当我回到学校重新念书的时候，我的英语成绩比班上其他同学好很多。一次逛旧书摊时，我发现一本原版的欧几里得平面几何教材，就把它买了回来，一边学英语一边学几何。平面几何的逻辑非常严谨，开始非常困难，由于自己坚持，慢慢地我开始理解了平面几何严格逻辑的美妙，很欣赏它的公理，公式，定理，证明体系，从这里感受到了数学之美。我的自学不久又延伸到初等物理。读到惯性体系和相对运动时，我琢磨在航行中一艘大船上打篮球，将是怎样一种感觉。我还想过如果有个微型飞机从天平的一端飞过，天平将会如何反应。我非常珍惜这一段自学的经历，它使我增强了学习能力和学习的信心，也引导我顺利走上学习理工的道路。
我初中毕业，转学到位于当时金堂县的郊区铭贤中学高中部。一次英语课上，外籍老师在黑板上并排写了sing和thing两个词，把我叫起来反复地朗读，然后直摇头。对此我感到十分意外，明明是对的，为什么不对了呢？原来我是“大舌头”！想来想去觉得问题也许出在“s”上，于是试探着把舌尖放在不同的位置，仔细地听所发出的声音。经过反反复复地试验，终于找到了合适的位置。原来我过去是把舌尖顶在牙齿的侧面而且漏风，我下决心纠正。为此我利用所有课余时间，包括走路的时间进行练习。功夫不负有心人，用了大约半年多的时间，我解决了我的“大舌头”问题。回过头来看，我认为这场经历锻炼了我的意志，体会到了凡事必须坚持，才能做到最好。
因此，不论生活或工作，遇到困难，一定要坚持，一生必须克服一些困难，付出总会有收获。
“我希望大家无论在什么情况下，都要像保护命根子那样去保证诚实。”
作为研究生，我想你们现在一定正处于非常兴奋的状态，而且摩拳擦掌准备大干一场，以实现你们各自的梦想。你们将有三至五年的时间度过你们的研究生生涯，这也是人一生中最宝贵的一段时间。在这段时间里，希望你们能够集中精力学习知识、增长本领，成为我国在科学和技术领域里的接班人。
首先，我希望大家努力发现和培养自己的兴趣。不论从事哪类科学研究，兴趣都是基本的动力，它使人充满热情地投入工作，以至达到废寝忘食的地步。这样才有可能出一流的成果。爱因斯坦曾以情人热恋来形容这种精神状态。所谓探索真理是不能预设框框的，有一句话叫做解放思想、破除迷信，这里面包含科学研究要有自主性，要有自己的想法，不能盲从。我相信大家在学习过程中对这些道理会有更深刻的体会。
其次，科学道德规范有许多版本，有的还非常具体细致，不过基本的精神是相同的，认真地研读一下非常有必要。今天我想说的是，科学道德规范是科学共同体所普遍遵守的，目的是保证科学事业的健康发展。其实它也和我们日常生活中的诚实，诚信，要尊重他人，己所不欲勿施于人的原则是相通的。一个诚实的人，是不会伪造数据或认可未经检验的数据且拿去发表的，他不会编造什么虚假理论去骗人的。所以，我希望大家无论在什么情况下，都要像保护命根子那样去保证诚实。
再次，我们现在处于信息社会和信息爆炸的时代，有许许多多的途径进行学术交流。在这里我想提这个问题，最为重要的是面对面的交流，这是其他交流方式所不能替代的。在面对面的交流中，对方的一举一动、某个表情、某几句交谈，往往会意想不到地启发你一连串的联想。我希望大家要重视人与人之间面对面的交流。
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