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The author:(作者)左published in(发表于) 2013/11/12 0:03:45 Bozhou Fudan results prove that Cao Cao bozhou nationality cast 200 million recovery House
Fudan released Cao Cao's family's DNA: non-Cao Cao Cao's descendants, nor Xia Hou Shi adopt
Cao Cao's life puzzle solutions, born in bozhou
"The descendants of Cao Cao is not a Minister, Cao Shen, and certainly not Shi adopt. "Recently, the research group at Fudan University study confirmed that assertion is not accurate on Cao Cao's departments adopt.
In fact, in 2009, Anyang, Henan province erupted after the tomb of Cao Cao, Cao Cao's "Hukou" became a mystery. In this regard, the Fudan University research group answer is: bozhou teeth excavated from the tomb of the CAO clan, is actually from Cao Cao's uncle grandfather.
"According to the ancients ' roots ' tradition that Cao Cao was undoubtedly bozhou statement provides a strong support of the people. "Yesterday, the market star reporter was informed that the planned investment of 200 million Yuan, Tsao of culture, tourism and leisure in one House restoration project, has entered the phase of evaluation of experts, the fastest in bozhou construction next year. Meanwhile, the Group aims to promote the culture of bozhou Tsao planning is taking shape gradually exposed ... ...
Reporter Zeng Mei
Cao Cao's story: "Shi adopt" says no
Reporter was informed that yesterday, Fudan University, announced that after years of study, they are absolutely certain that Cao Cao's family DNA, said Cao Cao not Cao Shen offspring, not Shi adopt, Cao Cao's father is from the family of offerings. Most critical was that research group studies prove that from bozhou Cao clan grave unearthed two teeth, Cao Cao's uncle grandfather himself.
The news came out, many speculated on Cao Cao was born, will temporarily come to an end.
Things to say from the 2009 onwards, that year, external announced the discovery of Cao Cao's Tomb in Anyang, Henan province. The news came out, which is to raise a stir.
Subsequently, the laboratory of human genetics of Fudan University announced that for Cao Cao's family DNA study is using DNA technology. Cao Cao's life? If the outside world, scheming to arrange 72 tombs? This will no doubt keep enough viewers in suspense. However, to look for more than 2000 years ago people's DNA is easier said than done?
So, the team chose another way: in the genes of modern people pushing against Cao Cao's genes, to crack the mystery of its origins.
Sample search: beyond 2000 "paternity"
DNA sample is the key, so a campaign looking for descendants of samples began.
This time, the team chose the most complex, but also the most effective way. All over the country took 79 280 men and 446 of the CAO family surnames, such as including Xiahou, venous blood samples from male volunteers, eventually getting a total sample of over 1000 cases.
Subsequently, the team came out with the country's 258 Cao surname genealogy, and filter out 8 supports a genealogy, and analysis of historical sources in a certain credibility of Cao group, and test their DNA. Amazing is that they found a total of 6 of these interaction points in front of the 1800-family ancestors, this is the age of Cao Cao's life.
Research Group of experts found that these families have one thing in common, check out a very rare type of chromosome, the percentage accounted for a population of about 5% in the country. "This means they fake the possibility of only three out of 10,000, that is, from forensic science can be found that they are the descendants of Cao Cao. ”
Family puzzle: two teeth "tell" Cao's family
As research in depth, mystery of Cao Cao's family was opened one.
Cao Cao was born to aim high, than in bozhou city, Anhui Province. In the early 70 's, Tomb of Cao's clan has been seen here "bullions Tomb pit first," accompanied by the tombs of mining, of which 2 teeth is also considered determination of Cao Cao's family "bozhou identity" is strong evidence of identity. 2011 came to bozhou Fudan research group, found that two teeth, through field excavation of human oral and central location within the Tomb inscription, the team finalized the two teeth were from Cao Cao's uncle grandfather, Henan – Cao Ding.
Through DNA testing, thousands of years ago, two teeth, gradually became the talk of "witnesses".
Meanwhile, the team from the country to find 9 Cao Cao's descendants, from bozhou, Anhui jixi, Anhui shucheng, Anhui, Jiangsu haimen, Guangdong's xuwen, Yancheng, Jiangsu, Shandong Rushan, donggang, Liaoning tieling, Liaoning province.
According to the modern double validation of gene and ancient DNA, research group of English concluded--100% Cao family DNA. By contrast, bozhou in Anhui Province, the burial tomb of Cao Cao's grandparents clans "ingot pit first tomb", closely associated with modern Cao Cao's descendants. More important is, previously thought to be Cao Cao's grandparents ' Shi, Cao Shen posterity, is not that type. Thus, the team determined, adopted within the parent from the family of Cao Cao, Cao Cao's family was not Cao Shen.
Last name confirms: "change name from Cao named" be denied
Research Group of experts, as the Prime Minister of the Han dynasty and Cao Cao Shen family gene family no relationship between genes, thus proving that the "Cao Cao is the Prime Minister of the Han dynasty Cao posterity" this assertion is wrong; and Cao Cao Shi gene family genes are not consistent, so Cao Cao Shi adopt statement is not accurate.
In addition, folklore name is Cao Cao's offspring does it change their name from the shelter, studies show that Cao Cao's family name and the Saint offers no clear genetic relationship, named gene family genes are different, so this assertion is not accurate.
Expert opinion: "bozhou identity"-effectively support
Li Can, 90 years old, bozhou, and member of the China archaeological society, engaged in the study of Cao Cao and his family history for many years. He studies many years ago, in the key three kingdoms Cao Cao Shi adopt one said, it is fiction.
Yesterday afternoon, when star when a reporter told the results of his study at Fudan University, said: "this is the real Cao Cao's life. ”
"The ancients ' roots ' tradition, which confirm that Cao Cao's uncle Grandpa bozhou people, Cao Cao was in bozhou city people's assertion that provided strong support. "Li Can, Cao Cao eventually buried where there are outstanding, while Cao Cao was born, no doubt only in bozhou city.
Bozhou Travel Bureau investigator, bozhou city, Cao Cao President of Zhao Wei, Cao Cao was born in haozhou, spent his youth time.
Bozhou officials: investment of 200 million Yuan recovered, "Tsao's Mansion"
"The biggest success of this study is that the birth name of Cao Cao. "Zhao said, this provides strong evidence that prove that Cao Cao was in bozhou city people, but also for the bozhou promote Tsao culture, provides very good support.
He described, in recent years, bozhou to promote Tsao culture, construction of the Memorial Hall of Cao Cao, Cao Cao's cultural Park, fix some family tomb, we will send the soldiers overall excavation of road maintenance. In addition, cultural tourism developed a detailed plan of Cao Wei. "We and Anqing huangmei Opera, in collaboration, made even the King of whiplash in huangmei Opera Theatre, is expected to launch next year. "Zhao Wei said.
The next step, bozhou to resume residence of Cao Cao. "The first draft plan has been announced, and is organizing an expert review, are expected to fall next year. "He explained that the plan covers 400 acres on the project, is expected to invest 200 million Yuan, is a collection of cultural heritage, tourism and leisure as one of the core projects. In the meantime, Cao Cao's great-grandfather, grandfather, father (Cao Song) compound and family branch of the small centralized recovery. Including cultural, entertainment and religious ceremonies, leisure and tourism venues.
In addition, Jianan culture also in the pipeline. "According to plan, will be reading in the Museum reproduce Cao Cao in the spring and autumn, summer and winter hunting scenes. "Zhao Wei says.
复旦公布曹操家族DNA：曹操非曹参后人，也非夏侯氏抱养
曹操身世谜解，籍贯确为亳州
“曹操不是汉相曹参的后人，更不是夏侯氏抱养。”近日，复旦大学课题组研究证实，关于曹操系抱养的说法并不准确。
事实上，在2009年河南安阳曝出曹操墓之后，曹操的“户籍”就成了谜团。对此，复旦大学课题组给出的答案是：亳州曹氏宗族墓出土的牙齿，确实来自曹操叔祖父。
“按照古人‘叶落归根’的传统，这无疑为曹操是亳州人的论断提供了有力支撑。”昨天，市场星报记者采访得知，规划投资2亿元，集文化、旅游、休闲于一体的曹氏故居恢复工程，已进入专家评审阶段，最快明年在亳州开建。与此同时，一批旨在弘扬亳州曹氏文化的规划也雏形渐露……
记者 曾梅
曹操身世：“夏侯氏抱养”一说被否定
昨天记者获悉，复旦大学宣布，经过多年研究，他们完全确定曹操家族DNA，称曹操不是曹参后代，更不是夏侯氏抱养，曹操之父是来自家族内部过继。最关键的是，课题组研究证明，从亳州曹氏宗族墓出土的两颗牙齿，正是曹操叔祖父本人的。
消息一出，关于曹操出身的众多猜测，将暂时告一段落。
事情要从2009年说起，那一年，河南安阳对外宣布发现曹操墓。消息一出，即引发轰动。
随后，复旦大学人类遗传学实验室宣布，将用DNA技术开展对曹操家族DNA的研究。曹操到底身世几何？是否如外界所传，狡诈到安排72处墓葬？这无疑吊足了观众的胃口。但是，要寻找2000多年前人物的DNA，谈何容易？
于是，课题组选择了另外一种方法：用现代人的基因反推曹操的基因，从而破解其身世之谜。
样本寻找：跨越两千年的“亲子鉴定”
DNA关键在于样本，于是，一场寻找后裔样本的运动开始了。
这次，课题组选择了最复杂，也是最有效的方式。他们在全国各地采集了79个曹姓家族的280名男性和446个包括夏侯、操等姓氏男性志愿者的静脉血样本，最终拿到了超过1000例的样本总量。
随后，课题组梳理出全国258个曹姓家谱，并筛选出8支持有家谱、经过史料分析有一定可信性的曹氏族群，并对他们的DNA进行检测。让人惊喜的是，他们总共发现了其中6个家族的祖先交互点在1800年-2000年前，而这正是曹操生活的年代。
课题组专家发现，这些家族有个共同点，都检出了一个非常罕见的染色体类型，这个比例在全国人口只占到约5%。“这就意味着他们假冒的可能性只有千万分之三，也就是说，从法医学上可以认定，他们就是曹操的后代。”
家族之谜：两颗牙齿“讲述”曹氏家族
随着研究深入，曹操的家族之谜被一层层揭开。
对曹操出生地呼声最高的，莫过于安徽亳州。早在上世纪70年代，这里就曾出现曹氏宗族墓“元宝坑一号墓”，伴随着墓葬的挖掘，其中的2颗牙齿也被视为认定曹操家族“亳州籍”身份的有力证据。2011年，复旦课题组来到亳州，找到这两颗牙齿，通过现场挖掘人的口述和墓内中央位置的铭文等，课题组最终确定这两颗牙齿均来自于曹操叔祖父，当时的河南相——曹鼎。
通过古DNA测试，数千年前的两颗牙齿，逐渐成了会说话的“证人”。
与此同时，课题组从全国找到9支曹操的后人，分别来自安徽亳州、安徽绩溪、安徽舒城、江苏海门、广东徐闻、江苏盐城、山东乳山、辽宁东港、辽宁铁岭。
根据现代基因和古DNA的双重验证，课题组最终得出结论——100%确定曹操家族DNA。通过对比，安徽亳州这座埋葬曹操祖辈的宗族墓“元宝坑一号墓”，与现代曹操后人紧密关联。更重要的是，之前曾认为是曹操祖辈的夏侯氏、曹参后人，却并不是该类型。由此，课题组确定，曹操之父来自家族内部过继，曹操家族并非曹参本族。
姓氏证实：“操姓从曹姓改”再被否定
课题组专家称，由于汉代丞相曹参家族基因和曹操家族基因间没有关系，从而证明“曹操是汉代丞相曹参后人”这一说法有误；而现有的夏侯氏基因与曹操家族基因也不一致，因此曹操从夏侯氏抱养的说法也不准确。
此外，对民间传说操姓是曹操后代避祸改姓而来的说法，研究证明曹操家族与操姓和夏侯姓基因没有明确遗传关系、家族基因不一致，因此这一说法也不准确。
专家观点：为“亳州籍”提供有力支撑
李璨，90岁，亳州人，中国考古学会会员，从事曹操及其家族历史研究多年。多年前他就研究得出，三国志注解中关于曹操是夏侯氏抱养一说，实为虚构。
昨天下午，当市场星报记者告诉他复旦大学的研究结果时，他说：“这个才是真正的曹操身世。”
“古人有‘叶落归根’的传统，这足以证实曹操的叔祖父是亳州人，也为曹操是亳州人的论断，提供了有力支撑。”在李璨看来，曹操最终埋葬在哪，目前还是悬案；而曹操出生地，无疑只有亳州。
在亳州市文旅局调研员、亳州市曹操研究会会长赵威看来，曹操生于亳州，在此度过他的青少年时光。
亳州官方：投资2亿元恢复“曹氏故居”
“这次研究最大的成果就是，为曹操的出身正名。”赵威说，这为证明曹操是亳州人提供了有力的证据，也为亳州弘扬曹氏文化，提供了很好的依托。
他介绍，近几年，亳州为弘扬曹氏文化，建造了曹操纪念馆、曹操文化园，修复部分家族墓，将运兵道整体发掘维修。除此之外，还为曹魏文化旅游制定了详细的规划。“我们和安庆黄梅戏团合作，制作了《魏武挥鞭》的连本黄梅戏舞台剧，预计明年推出。”赵威说。
下一步，亳州还将恢复曹操故居。“规划初稿已经出炉，正在组织专家评审，预计明年落地。”他介绍，这项工程规划占地400亩，预计投资2亿元，是集文化传承、旅游、休闲为一体的核心景区项目。在此期间，还将曹操曾祖父、祖父、父亲(曹嵩)的大院和家族支脉小院进行集中恢复。其中包括文化、娱乐、祭祀、休闲、旅游场所。
此外，建安文化馆也在筹备中。“按照计划，将在馆中重现当年曹操春秋读书、冬夏狩猎的场景。”赵威说。
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