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The author:(作者)左published in(发表于) 2013/11/12 0:04:49 Chengdu： the rise of “four cities“ _ Sina news
Chengdu: the rise of "IV"
According to our reporter, Chengdu electronic information production value is expected to exceed 400 billion at the end of this year to become the world's critical electronic information industry base
Zhou Fancai of the Oriental journalists, Hou Dawei, freelance writer Wang imitation | Chengdu reports
These past few months, Paul dubrule was perhaps more than the country's more than 600 mayors, Mayor of Chengdu, "exposure" one of the highest Mayor.
On September 25, he appeared at the 12th World Chinese entrepreneurs Convention held in Chengdu, and "China Economic Forum" last published---engine of the development of the Western region in Chengdu city of keynote; after more than 10 days, he went to Dalian municipal government delegation as a representative of a few cities in the country to attend the seventh Economic Forum Summer Davos.
The most important debut was June 6 this year 2013 Fortune Global Forum held in Chengdu. It was only after Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong, and first came to the world's most prestigious financial gathering in Western China cities, Paul dubrule participated at the Forum audience up to the "global business transfers: the lure of emerging economies" special seminar on Roundtable and the rise of Western, with a broad range of global financial services sector, "giant" warm discussion on a lot of topics relating to foreign Western Chengdu.
It is in many cities and the mayors were typically look for the opportunity, but Chengdu "grab". This is obviously the world's "wealth" elite affirmation of Chengdu's largest. In response, Secretary of Sichuan Provincial Committee Wang Dongming said, Sichuan, China, site of the Fortune Global Forum, full highlights world's firm confidence in China's future development, will also contribute greatly to Sichuan in particular well-known enterprises exchanges and cooperation with other countries.
Chengdu has been seen by many as China's "IV". Introduction according to Baidu baike, as early as 1941, Mr Zhu Zi-Qing 's, once wrote in an article, "Chengdu is said to be China's fourth largest city. "A few years ago, Chengdu, the new weekly magazine have once again tried to create" IV "concept. Despite the controversy persists, Chengdu over the years in various indicators into the nation, which has attracted global attention, it is an indisputable fact.
Half of the world's notebook computer chips produced in Chengdu
In 2004, the United States National Geographic Channel has broadcast a documentary called of the Chengdu---Eden of the East. Shortly after the Director Zhang Yimou was shooting in 12 minutes for Chengdu city promo, diligently did not forget to publicize "Chengdu: a city here do not want to leave."
Leisure, is imprinted in Chengdu most distinctive characteristics. Sound of Mahjong all over the streets, countless cafés, street haunting smell of pot, all became in the eyes of outsiders in Chengdu, as for the changing world outside the Chengdu Plain, Chengdu people don't seem to care.
However, change is always in the air.
In 2003, only the United States has a Consulate in Chengdu is not compared to western part of neighboring Chongqing, Kunming and other neighboring cities. But after more than 10 years, has been Germany, and France, and Korea, and Thailand, more than more than 10 countries have chosen to set up a Consulate in Chengdu. Now in Chengdu, is second only to the Chinese consulates in Shanghai, Guangzhou's third city.
Starting from September 1 this year, foreigners who have 45 countries in Chengdu 72-hour transit visa-free policy, as approved by the State Council following the fourth in China after Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou cities of 72-hour visa-free policy.
In this regard, the Chengdu Municipal Government Foreign Affairs Office official said, marking as a landmark of the city of Chengdu, open pattern in the country's strategic position to consolidate, further improve the construction of opening environment, once again led the national front.
Chengdu has built the entire value chain of the IT industry, Chengdu, which is since more than 10 years ago began to focus on creating industry development direction. Paul dubrule against since 2003 Mayor of Chengdu, he is just this series of changes experienced in Chengdu. He gave an interview with the Oriental Outlook said the global one out of every two chips for laptops is "Chengdu manufacturing", and world-wide more than 70% of iPad produced in Chengdu, produced 40 million units last year.
In addition, according to our reporter, Chengdu electronic information output by the end of this year is expected to exceed 400 billion dollars as the world's critical electronic information industry base.
Marching quietly
Paul dubrule show correspondent of the Chengdu municipal Bureau of statistics reported to him 2 Chart 15 sub-provincial cities are 2002-2012, respectively ranking of regional GDP and gross fixed assets investment rankings.
From the perspective of regional GDP, ten years, Chengdu ranked seventh nationwide in 2002 rose to third in 2012 and total fixed asset investment, Chengdu has been ranked first since 2006. From these core indicators of economic development can be clearly seen, the old "casual" shows to Chengdu, the mainstream has also ranked first in the evaluation system of the city.
Like charts, Mayor Paul dubrule a decade of experience in work papers that had accumulated in there, this is his most important reference and basis for economic development in Chengdu. For the change of data in the chart and ranked, engineering Paul dubrule had natural born sensitive, each chart has he made a more detailed analysis.
Like, on in Chengdu production worth ranked in 2008 years Hou of constantly climbed, Paul dubrule think, this is because 2008 yiqian, coastal city enjoyed lead opening of bonus, continues to keep leading development rank, and from 2008 began of international financial crisis on economic outward degrees high, and on international market rely on big of coastal city effects more big, and domestic demand promoting type Midwest City benefit Yu West big development, and Central rise, strategy in-depth implementation, economic development speed obviously fast Yu coastal city So rank, continue to move forward.
Midwest urban fixed asset investment peaked and Paul dubrule argues that this is mainly because along with the development of the Western region, the rise of central China and Northeast China revitalization of the in-depth implementation of the strategy of regional development, such as, Chengdu, Shenyang, Wuhan and other cities accelerated development of infrastructure construction, industry, provides lots of opportunities for investment in fixed assets.
Total fixed asset investment continued to increase and was noticed by Paul dubrule, compared with that of the eastern coastal city of Chengdu still have a broad space for development. In his view, as a Western City of advantage if we can play well, scientifically undertake good industrial transfer, unswervingly develop high-end and of industry, will be able to achieve sustained economic growth.
When looking at these charts, it is not difficult to find an interesting phenomenon. Many cities these figures over the past more than 10 years there have been significant fluctuations, and Chengdu rarely insightful has maintained a relatively smooth curve. Among the reasons, and the rest of sub-provincial city mayor to change different, only in Chengdu for ten years the Mayor has always held by Paul dubrule. Paul dubrule admits new boss will want to make a difference, must adjust more or less the former approach, efforts in some areas, there were some phenomenon of convex curves, is well understood.
Mayor is going to be a good "city CEO"
Chengdu, as the years advance of various indicators of the national front, engineering was born Paul dubrule also recorded a set of their own as Mayor ten years series are summarized. Correspondent Paul dubrule's Office, from the top to the ceiling behind the Mayor's desk was neatly placed a book on the shelf marked "internal information, attention to save" summary. According to introduce Paul dubrule, categories are today more than more than 30 topics.
And leading officials will report on the work of the past, simple formal statements compiled collection book is different, this is Paul dubrule served as Mayor of Chengdu, all in 10 years, "road", or more precisely are "industry insights" collection, many elements are his thoughts on how to be a good mayor and a summary.
It is clear that changing these notes are about ten years in Chengdu, as well as a mega-city mayor's most valuable fresh material. By Paul dubrule's own words, he has been the Mayor as a science project to do research. Paul dubrule said, on how to be a good mayor, "I did it for ten years, and also think about ten years. ”
Paul dubrule's first mayor was defined as "CEO of the city", or in 2008. This is he by can memories up of first expressed, participate in year in Shenzhen held of China Mayor Forum Shi, Paul dubrule made, Mayor engaged in of is a door city of science engineering, includes numerous and and complex of variable, this is a door not than a enterprise or a items engineering of management academic weak of discipline, thus cannot will Mayor considered a non-professional sexual of officer bit to simple regarded.
Answer Mayor keys of the subject is? Paul dubrule's answer is one word: reform. Over the past more than 10 years to leave Chengdu opinion the greatest memories of urban-rural integration and the reform of property right system in rural areas are unable to bypass the maximum focus on such issues.
As early as 2005, Chengdu has promulgated the rural land contracting, proposed to follow the law, the principle of voluntary, paid, in accordance with the proper guidance of rural land ownership transfer. In practice, this is almost the first dimensions of rural land circulation one of the local government. Land reform has always been China's rural reform the core and most sensitive subjects. One time, public opinion argue fiercely.
To this end, Chengdu started up more than more than 3,000 college students village officer stationed around the country, around the time of about 400 million dollars for 3 years, complete the rural collective ownership of land and forest rights, land contract, collective construction land use right, home ownership is the right to work registration certification.
Paul dubrule, only to realize the right to do, giving farmers title certificate, to farmers "from the dirt away from home not far from the right", the meaning is that farmers even if they choose to stay in the city, may still retain strong property rights and income in rural areas. By Paul dubrule, said, this was just a farmer from "land people" turned "social people" critical points.
Explain to the correspondent Paul dubrule, so-called "social people" refers to the enjoyment of full property rights, fundamental social rights and freedom of citizens, and the enjoyment of social rights more complete compared to the concept of urban dwellers. The centrality of this is to guarantee farmers after the tenure of rural land property rights, regardless of whether they left the countryside through the original land warrant the possession, transfer, lease, share gains.
Opinion will be the reform of property right system in rural areas of Chengdu describes as "enabling the right to". In the view of Paul dubrule, Chengdu has always adhered to the rural land property right system in rural areas on the basis of land as farmers have basic equity capital, but do not become farmers to urban development bonds "for the farmers from the ' three points ' bound in genuine liberation. ”
Participated in the system design of Chengdu, Vice President of the Academy of social sciences, said Chen Jiaze, and that reforms began in 1978, Chengdu this round of reforms is to ensure rights for logos, started with a legally defined the land is the property of farmers, farmer is the owner.
"Chengdu experiment"
Reform is not simply a paper document can achieve. Dual structure of urban and rural areas for a long time, not only makes urban development lack of industrialization, urbanization, and Chengdu as rural as the national "debt" severely. Paul dubrule said, now acclaimed in Chengdu's urban-rural integration testing face heavy from the start of "bridging the historical debt" pressure.
In 2003, Chengdu started to "go it alone" exploration of urban-rural integration. It is called "privately", explained Paul dubrule, Chengdu did not receive support and preferential policies at any level, no experience to draw on. In early 2004, Chengdu issued programmatic document on integrated urban and rural economic and social development, promote the integration of urban and rural views. Thus, widely followed in Chengdu urban rural integration "test" official sounded the Clarion.
After several years of practice, a series of pilot initiatives to Chengdu was summarized as "three core system reform" and "three centralized integration, six, and four basic project", be the guiding basic governance strategy to promote integrative construction of urban and rural areas of Chengdu.
According to understanding, its specific content refers to active advance rural property system, and social security system and household management system "three items core system reform", strongly implementation new rural construction, and rural land integrated regulation, and village level public service and social management reform, and rural new grass-roots governance mechanism construction "four based engineering", integrated advance industrial to concentrated development district concentrated, and farmers to town and new community concentrated, and land to moderate scale operating concentrated "three a concentrated", in-depth implementation in urban and rural areas planning, and industry development, and market institutional, and Infrastructure, public services, the management system of "six integration", speed up the formation of a new pattern that integrates urban and rural economic and social development and prosperity of new phase of urban and rural development.
In January 2007, the national development and Reform Commission research group pointed out that after the implementation of special investigation of the Chengdu urban-rural integration: to promote the integration of urban and rural in Chengdu as the core, focus on a series of major reforms of the urban and rural areas, in line with the spirit of the Central, in line with the direction of the reform and requirements, are exploring out of a different from development in the eastern part of the road. 5 months later, "the Chengdu-Chongqing national comprehensive reform zone in urban and rural areas" were approved, Chengdu and other places to explore the rise of reform strategy for the country.
Famous economist, Director of the China Center for economic research, Peking University Zhou qiren was speaking on "Chengdu experience", saying that "the land law of differential land rent income is a great school. Experience is to take full advantage of differential land rent of land in Chengdu, as a rule, for the urban and rural services. "The Ministry of land and resources planning Division Director Dong Zuo followed also in Chengdu, local media, said:" in terms of the land management system reform, it is necessary to put forward the concept of mode of Chengdu. ”
It is clear that this is full recognition of the exploration and practice on the integration of urban and rural in Chengdu.
(Edit: SN054) November 11, 2013(成都：悄然崛起的“第四城”_新闻资讯
成都：悄然崛起的“第四城”
据本刊记者了解，到今年底成都电子信息产值将有望超过4000亿，成为全球重要的电子信息产业基地
《瞭望东方周刊》记者周范才、侯大伟、特约撰稿王晨仿 | 成都报道
最近这几个月，成都市长葛红林或许是全国600多位市长中“曝光度”最高的市长之一。
9月25日，他出现在成都召开的第十二届世界华商大会上，并在“中国经济论坛”上发表了《成都---西部大开发的引擎城市》的主题演讲；此前十多天，他率市政府代表团作为全国少数城市的代表奔赴大连参加第七届夏季达沃斯论坛。
最重要的亮相，是今年6月6日至8日在成都举行的2013财富全球论坛。这是继上海、香港、北京之后，全球最负盛名的财经盛会首次来到中国西部城市举办，葛红林在论坛上参加了听众最多的“全球商业转移：新兴经济体的诱惑”特别圆桌论坛和西部崛起讨论会，与一大批全球财经界“巨头”热烈探讨了大量有关外资西进成都的话题。
这是中国许多城市和市长们均特别看重的机会，但成都“抢”到了。这显然是全球的“财富”精英对成都最大的肯定。对此，四川省委书记王东明表示，财富全球论坛落地中国、选址四川，充分凸显了世界对中国未来发展的坚定信心，也必将有力促进四川与世界各国特别是知名企业的交流合作。
成都一直被很多人视为中国“第四城”。据百度百科介绍，早在1941年朱自清先生就曾在一篇文章中写道，“据说成都是中国第四大城。”前些年，《新周刊》杂志曾再次竭力为成都打造“第四城”概念。尽管争议始终存在，成都这些年来在多个指标中挺进全国前列、甚至吸引了全球瞩目，却是不争的事实。
全球一半笔记本电脑芯片产自成都
2004年，美国国家地理频道曾播出一部纪录片，取名为《成都---东方伊甸园》。此前不久，导演张艺谋为成都拍摄了一部12分钟的中英文城市宣传片，孜孜不忘宣传“成都：一座来了就不想离开的城市”。
休闲，是烙印在成都最鲜明的特征。遍布街巷的麻将声、数不胜数的茶馆、街头萦绕的火锅味道，成了外人眼中成都的全部，至于成都平原以外世界的日新月异，成都人似乎并不关心。
然而，变化始终在悄然进行中。
2003年，只有美国在成都设有领事馆，尚无法和临近的重庆、昆明等周边西部城市相比。但十多年后，已经有德国、法国、韩国、泰国等十多个国家选择在成都设立了领事馆。现在的成都，已是仅次于上海、广州的中国领事馆第三城。
从今年9月1日开始，成都对45个国家的外国人实行72小时过境免办签证政策，由此也成为国务院批准的继北京、上海、广州之后我国第四个实行72小时免签政策的城市。
对此，有成都市政府外办的官员表示，这标志着成都作为地标城市，在全国对外开放格局中的战略性地位得以巩固，在进一步完善对外开放环境建设中又一次走在了全国前面。
如今的成都已经打造了全产业链的IT产业，这也是成都大概自十余年前就开始着力打造的产业发展方向。对从2003年开始就担任成都市长的葛红林而言，他是成都这一系列变迁的亲历者。他在接受《瞭望东方周刊》采访时透露，全球每两台笔记本电脑的芯片就有一枚是“成都制造”，而全世界超过70%的iPad都产自成都，去年一年就生产了4000万台。
此外，据本刊记者了解，到今年底成都电子信息产值将有望超过4000亿元，成为全球重要的电子信息产业基地。
悄然挺进
葛红林向本刊记者展示了成都市统计局报给他的2张图表，分别是2002至2012年15座副省级城市的地区生产总值排名和固定资产投资总额排名。
从地区生产总值看，十年间，成都从2002年的全国排名第七上升到2012年的第三；而固定资产投资总额，成都则自2006年以后就一直位列第一。从这些核心的经济发展指标可以鲜明地看出，那个曾经以“休闲”示人的成都，在主流城市评价体系中也早已名列前茅了。
像这样的图表，在葛红林十年的市长经历中所积累的各类工作资料中还有很多，这也是他研究成都经济发展问题最重要的参考和依据。而对于图表中数据和排名的变化，工科出身的葛红林有着天然的敏感，每张图表他都作了比较详尽的分析。
比如，对成都地区生产总值排名在2008年后的不断攀升，葛红林认为，这是因为2008年以前，东部沿海城市享有率先改革开放的红利，继续保持领先发展位次，而从2008年开始的国际金融危机对经济外向度高、对国际市场依赖大的东部沿海城市影响更大，而内需推动型中西部城市得益于西部大开发、中部崛起等战略深入实施，经济发展速度明显快于东部沿海城市，所以位次不断前进。
对于中西部城市固定资产投资总额的持续处于高位，葛红林则认为，这主要是因为随着西部大开发、中部崛起、东北振兴等区域发展战略的深入实施，成都、沈阳、武汉等城市基础设施加快建设、产业加速发展，为固定资产投资提供了大量的机遇。
固定资产投资总额的持续增加，还让葛红林觉察到，与东部沿海城市相比，成都依然拥有更加广阔的发展空间。他认为，作为西部城市如果能发挥好后发优势，科学地承接好产业转移，坚定不移地大力发展产业高端和高端产业，就能获得持续的经济增长活力。
观察这些图表时，不难发现一个有趣的现象。多个城市的上述数据在过去十多年间均出现过明显波动，而成都很少见地一直保持着较为平滑的增长曲线。究其原因，和其余副省级城市市长多有变动不同，唯有成都十年来市长始终由葛红林担任。葛红林坦言，新官上任自然会想有所作为，肯定会或多或少地调整前任的做法，在某些领域加大工作力度，在曲线中出现一些凹凸的现象，也就很好理解了。
市长要当好“城市CEO”
正如这些年来成都各项挺进全国前列的指标一样，工科出身的葛红林十年间也记录了一整套自己担任市长的系列总结。本刊记者在葛红林的办公室看到，从市长办公桌背后顶到天花板的大书架上整齐地摆放着一册册标着“内部资料、注意保存”的工作总结。据葛红林介绍，如今分门别类已有30多个专题。
和以往领导干部将工作报告、正式发言稿简单编撰集合成书不同，这是葛红林出任成都市市长10年来所有的“为官之道”，或者更确切地说是“从业感悟”的合集，很多内容都是他对如何当好市长的总结和思考。
显然，这些笔记是了解成都这十年变迁，以及一个特大都市市长最具价值的鲜活资料。用葛红林自己的话说，他一直将市长当作一门科学工程来进行研究。葛红林称，对如何当好市长，“我干了十年，也整整思考了十年。”
葛红林首次将市长定义为“城市CEO”，还是在2008年。这是他所能回忆起的最早表述，参加当年在深圳召开的中国市长论坛时，葛红林提出，市长从事的是一门城市的科学工程，包涵众多而又复杂的变量，这是一门不比一个企业或者一项工程的管理学术性弱的学科，因而不能将市长视为一个非专业性的官位来简单看待。
解答市长这门学科的钥匙是什么？葛红林的回答是两个字：改革。回顾过去十余年来成都留给舆论最大的记忆，城乡一体化、农村产权制度改革等问题应是无法绕开的最大焦点。
早在2005年，成都就曾出台《关于推进农村土地承包经营权流转的意见》，提出遵循依法、自愿、有偿的原则，依法正确引导农村土地经营权流转。这几乎是最早在实践层面提出农村土地可以流转的地方政府之一。土地改革，始终是我国农村改革最核心和最敏感的话题。一时间，舆论争辩激烈。
为此，成都发动了3000多名大学生村官进驻全市各乡村，用了整整3年时间前后花费约4亿元，基本完成了农村集体土地所有权、林权、土地承包经营权、集体建设用地使用权、房屋所有权的确权登记颁证工作。
在葛红林看来，只有实现确权到户，给予农民产权证，才能实现农民“离土离乡不离权”，其意义在于，农民即使选择留在城市，也依然可以通过在农村保留稳固的产权而获得收入。用葛红林的话说，这正是让农民从“土地人”变身“社会人”的关键步骤。
葛红林向本刊记者解释，所谓的“社会人”，是指享有完整财产权利、基本社会保障权利和自由迁徙权利的公民，与享有更完整的社会权利的城市居民相比较而提出的概念。这样做的核心意义在于，保证农民在保有对农村的土地财产权利后，无论是否离开农村都能通过对原来农村土地权证的拥有、流转、出租、入股获得收益。
舆论将成都的农村产权制度改革形容为“还权赋能”。在葛红林看来，成都的农村基本产权制度始终坚持以农村土地为基础，使得土地既成为农民拥有基本产权的资本，又不会成为农民到城镇发展的束缚，“让农民从‘一亩三分地’的束缚中真正得到解放。”
参与过上述制度设计的成都市社科院副院长陈家泽曾表示，和1978年开始的那场改革不同，成都这轮改革是以确权为标志，一开始就从法律上明确了土地是农民的财产，农民是土地的主人。
“成都试验”
改革并不是简单一纸文件就可以实现的。长期城乡二元结构的存在，不仅使得城市工业化、城镇化发展乏力，也使得成都跟全国一样对农村“欠账”严重。葛红林坦言，成都如今广受好评的城乡一体化试验从一开始就面临着沉重的“弥补历史欠账”的压力。
2003年，成都开始“自费”进行城乡一体化探索。之所以称为“自费”，葛红林解释说，此时成都并没有得到任何层面的扶持和政策优惠，也没有任何经验可供借鉴。2004年初，成都出台了纲领性文件《关于统筹城乡经济社会发展推进城乡一体化的意见》。由此，广受关注的成都城乡一体化“试验”号角正式吹响。
经过几年实践，成都的一系列试验举措被具体归纳为“三项核心制度改革”与“三个集中、六个一体化以及四大基础工程”，成为指导成都推进城乡一体化建设的基本施政方略。
据了解，其具体内容指积极推进农村产权制度、社会保障制度和户籍管理制度“三项核心制度改革”，大力实施新农村建设、农村土地综合整治、村级公共服务和社会管理改革、农村新型基层治理机制建设“四大基础工程”，统筹推进工业向集中发展区集中、农民向城镇和新型社区集中、土地向适度规模经营集中“三个集中”，深入实施城乡规划、产业发展、市场体制、基础设施、公共服务、管理体制“六个一体化”，加快形成城乡经济社会发展一体化新格局和城乡同发展共繁荣新局面。
2007年1月，国家发改委调研组专题调研成都城乡一体化实施情况后指出：成都以推进城乡一体化为核心、注重城乡统筹的一系列重大改革，符合中央精神，符合改革的方向和要求，正探索走出一条不同于东部地区发展的道路。5个月后，“成渝全国统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区”获批，成都等地的探索由此上升为国家改革战略。
著名经济学家、北京大学中国经济研究中心主任周其仁曾在谈及“成都经验”时认为，“土地级差地租收益规律是一所伟大的学校。成都的经验在于充分利用土地级差地租这一规律，为城乡统筹服务。”国土资源部规划司司长董祚继也曾在接受成都当地媒体采访时表示：“在土地管理制度改革方面，有必要提出成都模式这一概念。”
显然，这都是对成都城乡一体化探索与实践的充分肯定。
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