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published in(发表于) 2013/11/12 0:10:20
Marginalization in education of college Chinese media said the social blundering and utilitarianism

November 12 (upper guanyun) recently, according to several media reports, Renmin University College Chinese from compulsory to optional, giving rise to many disputes. Schools respond to the call of the Chinese University to quit compulsory bottom, failed to support the course objectives, students, "says Chinese are taking, why English is compulsory? "Then, investigate some media for University courses, college courses in the Chinese language in different settings have obvious marginalization. Time, "Chinese education marginalization" become the focus of public attention.

　　Language education starting in middle school in cold or causing decline in writing ability

Cold is not the case of language courses at the University. The Yangzi evening news reporter found, hohai University, Southeast University, Nanjing, Nanjing Aeronautics and Astronautics University, many graduates of University language as early as a few years ago from compulsory to optional.

As a public Foundation course, assume the task of college Chinese teaching in the mother tongue, in many universities there are only 2 credits, while the English have more than more than more than 10 credits. A college student, almost one-third of time learning English.

The Wen Wei Po reported that, in fact, students from about the middle school began gradually away from language education. According to some Chinese teachers in middle school language education has long been "marginalized". In the context of examination-oriented education, schools, parents and students believe that languages are difficult to fathom in the short-term blitz get good grades, entrance examination would be difficult to rely on the language gap, particularly in the examination under the squeeze of, qualified with a rigid model to understand language, this course becomes rigid, dogmatic, and tasteless.

Teachers also said that correspond with the language of marginalization, decline in students ' reading and writing ability. Since elementary school, some students ' language learning 12, but I never read a few of the classics, many students wrote to gloat is riddled with mistakes and typo rate is very high.

　　Impetuous social atmosphere and similar teaching languages "abandoned"

Language courses have been "abandoned", on the one hand because of the present social attitude and utilitarian, on the other hand similar to that way of teaching is inextricably associated with schools. Experts say that in the primary and secondary schools, due to test pressure, tools and practice of language education is obvious. In the University classroom, many teachers follow teaching model of primary and secondary schools, sensitivity to ignore it should carry human spirit and language habit forming. Language education "marginalized" in fear, need to reflect on the lack of proficiency in the basic education and the development of reading habits. Language is not merely a course, and should be a habit, its end point is ability and accomplishment.

Director of the Editorial Office of the journal harvest Ye Kai Wen interviews saying that modern civilization is based on the core language and writing, language is a tool, using the language and combination of different disciplines, can form an effective capability. Students to the community will find, based on the reading abilities of writing and presentation skills are important.

"Chinese goal is to play well, ' three foundations ': for enhance the comprehensive literacy, learning other courses basis; for the formation of a correct world Outlook, Outlook on life and values to create a good groundwork for individuality and personality, and lay the Foundation for all-round development and life-long development. "Wen Rumin, Director of the Institute of language in education in a forum of Peking University said Chinese accomplishments are essential qualities of modern citizens, including language skills and knowledge embodied in its conservation, style, taste and other personality.

　　How to "rescue" Chinese lesson: change education guiding students to read more books

Facing the continuous marginalization of status of language education, many people are calling for change education in schools and the language down to the essence of every teaching process, so that the role language education can play to improve students ' humanistic accomplishment.

Nanjing University Professor Fu Yuanfeng told the Yangtze evening news said in an interview, learning Chinese is actually personal cultivation, broadly include literature, film, painting, philosophy and other aspects of the content, and the rapid development of the time cannot be disconnected. On the curriculum or the ability to live too far away.

Indeed, language education should cater to develop students ' humanity quality and students ' ability to use language tools. Wen Rumin said: "guided reading is the orientation of college Chinese and the basic features of this class. "Read the classics, are important means of language training. University language and to restore the students ' interest in reading and writing, thinking ability and knowledge structure enables students to learn, reading quite a lot to do, understand the process of writing is thinking, the brain is more clearly, more depth and originality.

In this context, foreign university may be worthwhile. According to media reports, the United States common the cultivation of University students ' language skills in English writing and speaking expression entered the United States the majority of research-oriented University curriculum, and is compulsory. Among them, Harvard University, Colombia University and other schools for the students ' writing and public speaking ability is quite concerned.

In addition, the United States universities also launched the literary appreciation seminars, the modern essay reading and writing workshops, to enhance college students ' language proficiency and literacy.

(Original title: University exit required courses in colleges and universities of Chinese language education "marginalized" concern)

　　中新网11月12日电 (上官云) 近日，据多家媒体报道，中国人民大学将大学汉语从必修课改为选修课，引发诸多争议。校方回应称《大学汉语》退出必修课因排名垫底，未能实现课程目标，令大学生感慨，“汉语都成选修了，为什么英语还是必修？”随后，一些媒体对高校课程设置展开调查，称汉语在不同高校的课程设置上都有明显的边缘化趋势。一时间，“语文教育边缘化”成为舆论关注的焦点。

　　语文教育自中学起遇冷 或导致写作能力下降

　　语文课在大学遇冷并非个案。《扬子晚报》记者调查发现，东南大学、河海大学、南京航空航天大学等南京不少名校，早在几年前就将大学语文从必修改为选修课。

　　其实作为公共基础课程，承担母语教学任务的大学语文，在很多高校目前只有2个学分，而大学英语却有10多个学分以上。一个大学生，几乎有1/3的时间在学英语。

　　《文汇报》报道说，事实上，学生们大约从中学就开始渐渐远离语文教育了。据一些中学语文老师表示，语文教育早已“边缘化”。因为在应试教育环境下，学校、家长和学生都认为，语文难以靠短期突击取得好成绩，升学考试也难以靠语文拉开差距，尤其在考试的挤压下，用死板的模式去限定理解语文，使这门课变得刻板、教条、无味。

　　有教师也表示，与语文的边缘化相对应，学生的阅读能力和写作能力在下降。从小学开始，一些学生学习语文12年，却没读过几本经典名著，不少同学写文章也是语病百出，错字率很高。

　　浮躁社会风气与雷同授课方式致使语文“被抛弃”

　　语文课程逐渐被“抛弃”，一方面缘于当下社会的浮躁与功利，另一方面与学校雷同的授课方式有着千丝万缕的关联。有专家表示，在中小学阶段，缘于应试压力，语文教育的工具性和实用性非常明显。在大学课堂，很多老师照搬中小学的教学模式，忽视它本应承载的人文精神素养及语文习惯的养成。语文教育“边缘化”之忧，更需反思基础教育中语文素养与阅读习惯培养的缺失。语文绝不仅仅是一门课程，而更应是一种习惯，其最终指向的则是能力与素养。

　　《收获》杂志编辑部主任叶开接受《文汇报》访问时认为，现代文明的核心基础是语言和文字，语文是工具，运用语言和不同的学科结合，可以形成有效的能力。学生走向社会之后会发现，以阅读能力为基础的写作能力和表达能力很重要。

　　“语文的目标是打好‘三个基础’：为提升综合素养，学好其他课程打下基础；为形成正确的世界观、人生观、价值观，形成良好个性和健全人格打下基础；为全面发展和终身发展打下基础。”北大语文教育研究所所长温儒敏在某座谈会上也表示，语文素养是现代公民的必备素养，包括语言文字运用能力以及其所体现的学识、文风、情趣等人格涵养。

　　如何“拯救”语文课：改变教育方式 引导学生多读书

　　面对语文教育不断边缘化的现状，不少人呼吁学校改变教育方式，将语文的精髓分解到每一个教学过程中去，这样，语文教育才能发挥提高学生人文素养的作用。

　　南京大学傅元峰教授在接受《扬子晚报》采访时表示，学习语文课实际上是培养个人人文素养，广义上包括文学、影视、绘画、哲学等多方面的内容，与飞速发展的时代不能脱节。课程设置上也不能与生活离得太远。

　　的确，语文教育应当兼顾培养学生的人文素养和学生使用语言工具的能力。温儒敏说过：“引导多读书，是大学语文的定位，也是这门课的基本功能。”多读经典作品，无疑是提高语文修养的重要手段。大学语文要恢复学生对阅读和写作的兴趣，使学生知道思维能力与知识结构、阅读有相当大的关系，明白写作就是思维训练的过程，会使大脑更清晰，更有深度和创意。

　　在这方面，国外大学的做法或许值得借鉴。据媒体报道，美国大学具有重视学生语文技能培养的共性，英文写作和口语表达均进入美国大多数研究型大学的课程表，甚至还是必修课。其中，哈佛大学、哥伦比亚大学等名校对学生写作和公共演讲的能力培养也颇为关注。

　　此外，美国大学还推出文学欣赏研讨班、现代论文阅读和写作研讨班，以提升大学生的语文能力与素养。

(原标题：大学汉语退出高校必修课 语文教育“边缘化”引忧虑)

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