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The author:(作者)左published in(发表于) 2013/11/12 0:11:15 Ministry of housing： economically affordable housing we should not cancel three-bedroom end of integration policies introduced
Economically affordable housing we should not cancel the "three rooms" end of integration policies introduced
Wang Peilin
Among the heat transfer "of affordable housing (hereinafter ' economically affordable housing ') will be cancelled," is a misreading, affordable housing to cancel and no "one size fits all".
According to reports by the China real estate business, Division of Ministry of housing and housing-related, according to people in the present circumstances, economically affordable housing is unlikely to remove amid rumors, economically affordable housing remove misunderstanding, and "economically affordable housing, public housing, affordable housing integration policy is currently working on the development, before the end of Ministry of housing and the introduction of relevant documents".
Head of Jiangsu provincial housing and housing Security Department also made it clear, and will not consider abolition of economically affordable housing.
However, different places have different approaches, many places are "in transition". Suzhou is gradually change the way security, economically affordable housing will gradually cease, to move to affordable housing and public housing. Starting from 2011, Tongling, Zhengzhou, Yantai and other places have begun to explore the unification policy, economically affordable housing, social housing, affordable housing unity collectively for public rental housing or for the protection of rooms, unified hires for the need to protect people, while giving different groups of subsidies.
Earlier, media reports said, economically affordable housing supply will be gradually reduced until all throughout the country, will become the subject of housing security of public rental housing. The message also said, live built Department has began consider will "public rental combination" as adjustment existing housing supply system of breakthrough, through financial issued rent subsidies of way, on "city low crowd", and "city in the low-income crowd", used difference of housing guarantees of means, for "low" crowd provides big proportion rent subsidies, and graduated according to guarantees object income level, developed and of peer of rent subsidies policy, completed corresponds to crowd of housing guarantees. Gradually reduce sales of economically affordable housing supply, and finally stops the supply of economically affordable housing.
Practices throughout the different
Economically affordable housing, affordable housing, public housing, is currently the three main forms of affordable housing. The former can buy, which can only be rented. Vary to affordable housing public housing, low-rent the landlord want to rent for poor families in urban areas, long term rental, public rental housing targeted at new employee groups, letting time normally not more than five years in many places, usually in about two years.
Economically affordable housing there is much controversy in recent years because it provides not only the housing, as well as property rights, coupled with some local actions are not standardized, easy to breed of power rent-seeking and corruption. Cao Yunhua, Director of the Jiangsu provincial housing and housing Security Department told the media that, very few cities in the country to adjust the protection types and layout, the abolition of economically affordable housing, economically affordable housing allocation and use in some areas there have been some problems, but the overthrow of the whole cannot therefore be economically affordable housing. From the perspective of the actual situation of Jiangsu, economically affordable housing to improve rating income family housing conditions has played a very positive role as a support, let them through the efforts of one or two generations, own their own homes.
Economically affordable housing supply, management, different places have different approaches.
Suzhou city housing security management Center Director Gong told the newspaper, and gradually change the protection mode of Suzhou, economically affordable housing this year, you will gradually cease, beginning next year guaranteed to slowly shift towards affordable housing and public housing. In terms of sources of investment, all investment in Suzhou, did not apply to the Central Government subsidies.
In Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, in 2009 there were more than 5,000 households applying for economically affordable housing, but only three hundred or four hundred families annually from 2010 onwards. Introduction of economically affordable housing in the city from 2009 monetary subsidy, subsidy of 80,000 yuan per household was initially, later raised to 100,000 yuan, covered object can be to the ordinary commercial housing district to buy a House.
Cao Yunhua said that over the years, economically affordable housing is no longer a bellwether for construction of affordable housing. However, monetary subsidies are economically affordable housing policies operate within the system. Shanghai and other cities did not cancel or economically affordable housing, but instead "shared property rights protection".
In Zhengzhou, the end of 2012, the Zhengzhou Government affordable housing property no longer do, unified as public rental housing, rent not sell, subsidies are divided into several standards and grades. Many a row number get qualification certificates before economically affordable housing families on the waiting list, will assign the last batch of this year. While in Changchun City, in Tongling city, economically affordable housing has been cancelled as early as two or three years ago, and system of SOEs began to explore the implementation of many types of affordable housing.
Also face some problems in the current economically affordable housing construction. Such as money, a large number of new economically affordable housing challenge local government financial resources, private sale, affordable housing must be completed after the CAP to deliver, low capital efficiency. Also in the context of land financial and most economically affordable housing sites in remote areas affected by transport and supporting demand has been reduced.
Above-mentioned Ministry of housing and housing Secretary for media, housing security is protection, according to the capacity of each individual is different, the form should also be varied, if we just rental housing, the Central Finance has also come up with that much money, and subsequent capital returns is also a big problem. Around the Ministry of housing and there is no uniform provision economically affordable housing had to be done, according to local conditions.
"Three rooms" when the unification
Based on the above reports of the China real estate business, Ministry of housing and the people concerned said that SOEs economically affordable housing, public rental housing and affordable housing policy currently being developed, and before the end of Ministry of housing and the introduction of relevant documents.
Tongling city, Anhui Province, as one of the earlier exploration of affordable housing nationwide unification of city, was introduced in September 2011 of the low-income housing construction management approach in Tongling city, explores "the combination of running, separation of rent supplement, subsidies, lease-sale through co-ownership" housing security system architecture, its experience has been praised by the Ministry of housing and. Anhui Province is promoting it at present.
Public rental housing, and affordable housing merges, current prices of a number of exploration. In May this year, forwards on 2013, national development and Reform Commission of the State Council opinion on deepening economic reform priorities clear requirements, improve the affordable housing system, SOEs pushing public rental housing, and affordable housing.
This year, Jiangsu Province has started a pilot public rental housing and affordable housing combine to achieve interoperability and sharing of listings. In the pilot cities of Yangzhou and the implementation of "rent isolation, gradient fill security" – when affordable housing to ensure family income increased, if they meet the conditions of guarantee to included public housing areas, rather than let it fall.
Cao Yunhua said that public rental housing the combination of countries had clear, established the policy before the end of may, also pay close attention to research guidance issued in Jiangsu Province. Main replace economically affordable housing into public rental housing, affordable housing and public housing within the system of flexible conversion, is the trend of the future. Recent merges voice to local affordable housing and public housing is high, that is why, within the approved income difficult, inappropriate laws and regulations under such circumstances, the supply of affordable homes category if they are too thin, increase rent space and waste of resources. In reality, many parts of Jiangsu Province really match the actual listings listings of rental demand and supply imbalance, many affordable housing GLUT, vacant public rental housing is in short supply, the impact of the management and operational efficiency.
经适房暂不取消“三房”并轨政策年底出台
王培霖
坊间热传的“经济适用房(下称‘经适房’)将会被取消”乃系误读，经济适用房取消并不会“一刀切”。
据《中国房地产报》报道，住建部住房保障司相关人士称，在目前条件下，经适房不可能取消，外界传言经适房取消系误解，而“经适房、公租房、廉租房并轨政策目前正在研究制定中，年底前，住建部会出台相关文件”。
江苏省住建厅住房保障处负责人也明确称，暂不会考虑取消经适房。
不过，各地有不同的做法，不少地方正在“转型”。如苏州正在逐步改变保障方式，经适房将逐步停建，转向以廉租房和公租房为主。从2011年开始，铜陵、郑州、烟台等多地已开始探索保障房并轨政策，将经适房、公租房、廉租房统一为公共租赁房或者统称为保障房，统一出租给需要保障的人群，同时给予不同人群分档补贴。
此前，有媒体报道称，经适房供应将逐步减少直至在全国全部取消，公共租赁住房将成为住房保障的主体。该消息还称，住建部已经开始考虑将“公租房并轨”作为调整现有住房供应体系的突破口，通过财政发放房租补贴的方式，对“城市低保人群”、“城市中低收入人群”等采用区别化住房保障的手段，对于“低保”人群提供大比例租金补贴，并逐级根据保障对象收入水平，制定与之对等的租金补贴政策，完成对应人群的住房保障。逐步削减销售型经适房供应量，并最终停止供应经适房。
各地做法不同
经适房、廉租房、公租房，是目前保障性住房的三种主要形式。其中，前者可以买，后两者只能租。而廉租房跟公租房又有所不同，廉租房主要租赁给城市贫困家庭，可以长期出租，而公租房主要针对新就业人群，出租时间一般不超过五年，很多地方通常在两年左右。
近年来经适房有很大争议，因其提供的不仅是住房保障，还有财产权，加之有些地方操作不规范，易滋生权力寻租与腐败。江苏省住建厅住房保障处处长曹云华对媒体表示，国内极少数城市调整保障房种类和布局，取消了经适房，一些地区在经适房分配和使用中出现了一些问题，但不能因此将经适房全盘推翻。从江苏的实际情况看，经适房对改善中等偏下收入家庭住房条件起到了很好的支持作用，让他们通过一两代人的努力，拥有自己的住房。
经适房的供应、管理，各地有不同的做法。
苏州市住房保障管理中心龚主任告诉《第一财经日报》，苏州在逐步改变保障方式，经适房今年还有，以后将逐渐停建，明年开始慢慢转向廉租房和公租房为主的保障。在投资来源方面，全是苏州地方政府投资，没有向中央政府申请补助。
在江苏常州，2009年有5000多户申请经适房，但从2010年开始每年只有三四百户。该市从2009年开始实行经适房货币补贴，最初是每户补贴8万元，后来提高至10万元，被保障对象可以到普通商品房小区买房。
曹云华表示，这些年，经适房已不再是保障房中的建设大头。不过，货币化补贴还是在经适房政策体系内运作。上海等城市也并没有取消经适房，而是改为“共有产权保障房”。
在郑州，2012年底，郑州市有产权性质的保障房已经不再做了，统一为公共租赁住房，只租不售，补贴分为几个标准和档次。之前很多排号获得资格证的经适房轮候家庭，今年将分配完最后一批。而在长春市、铜陵市等地，早在两三年前就已经取消了经适房，并开始探索实行多类保障房并轨制度。
当前经适房建设中也面临一些难题。比如资金，大量新建经适房考验地方政府财力，商品房可以预售，而保障房必须全部建成封顶后才能交付，资金效率低。同时在土地财政这一背景下，经适房选址大多在偏远地区，受交通和配套影响，需求已有所缩减。
上述住建部住房保障司人士对媒体称，住房保障是大保障，根据每个人的承受能力不同，形式也应多种多样，若纯粹是租赁住房的话，中央财政也拿不出那么多资金，后续的资金回笼也是一个大问题。住建部并没有统一规定经适房各地必须要做，地方可因地制宜。
“三房”并轨进行时
根据上述《中国房地产报》的报道，住建部有关人士表示，经适房、公租房、廉租房并轨政策目前正在研究制定中，年底前，住建部会出台相关文件。
安徽省铜陵市作为全国较早探索保障房并轨的城市之一，2011年9月出台了《铜陵市保障性住房建设管理办法》，探索出了“并轨运行，租补分离，分档补贴，先租后售，共有产权”的住房保障制度架构，其经验曾得到住建部的赞许。目前安徽省正在推广此做法。
公租房、廉租房并轨，目前各地已有不少探索。今年5月份，国务院在批转国家发改委《关于2013年深化经济体制改革重点工作的意见》中明确要求，健全保障性住房分配制度，有序推进公租房、廉租房并轨。
今年起，江苏省已经开始试点公租房与廉租房并轨，力争实现房源的互通与共享。在试点城市扬州，实行“租补分离、梯度保障”——当廉租房保障家庭收入提高后，如符合条件可纳入公租房保障范畴，而不是让其一退了之。
曹云华说，公租房并轨国家已明确立项，可能年底前出政策，江苏省也正抓紧研究出台指导意见。公租房取代经适房成为保障主力、廉租房与公租房在体系内灵活转换，未来是大势所趋。近来各地将廉租房和公租房并轨呼声颇高，原因就在于，在核定收入难度大、法律法规不完善等情况下，保障性住房的供应类别若分得太细，容易增加寻租空间和资源浪费。而现实中，江苏省不少地方也的确出现了配租需求房源与实际房源供应的不平衡，不少廉租房过剩、空置，公租房则供不应求，影响了管理成本和运行效率。
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