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published in(发表于) 2013/11/12 0:12:34
North drift accounts of people’s daily focus on household registration reform tied up too much

　　Beijing website channel operations editor Zou Qiang –

　　No account, life is difficult (new look forward to drinking household registration system)

　　Additional account has too many things on the

Jie Zhou Qinghua

Shunliu at four rings, the rings again, Zou Qiang was away from Beijing city, Hebei Yanjiao had a House of my own. He said: "because of household registration back home in Hebei, earlier prices low to pay tax over 5 years to buy a House. Managed for 5 years, house prices have gone up. Only in the distant place to buy. ”

Zou Qiang from hengshui city, Hebei province, a county-level city under the jurisdiction of the College has been working in Beijing for 8 years later, and became a home. Early in 2010, when the son was born, he took his mother took care of the family. Seeing the son's big day by day, Zou Qiang feels unable to wait, gritted bought a 88 square meters in Yanjiao second-hand housing, total 900,000 yuan. After you pay a down payment, homeowners paying 3,500 Yuan a month. "Don't have a Beijing Hukou is not only buying a House are limited, and the price will be at a disadvantage. Beijing natives could buy two limits, foreigners can only buy commercial housing, 1 time times more expensive price. ”

Flashback, since there is no account, his son's birth the couple toss small enough. "Before the baby was born I had to run home and daughter-in-law driving investment enterprises enter talent market, also supported by WSA tires proved. Son was born after 21 days, then take these materials to the hospital out of the health certificates issued. "Zou Qiang said, though born in Beijing, Hebei on account, wife's hospital expenses can't claim, and took birth more than more than more than 3,000 Yuan were seized. "If there is a local account, you can enjoy the childbirth insurance expense; even a Beijing Hukou, could have gone the rural cooperative medical system. We outsiders can only pay at their own expense. ”

Son to school is Zou Qiang in the cupboard. "Public kindergarten wasn't working, only closer to private nursery schools, fees to pay 1200 Yuan a month, but it is relatively inexpensive. "Zou Qiang introduced their monthly basic salary plus Commission, more than 8,000 yuan before tax, deduct five insurances and a gold, to about 6,500 Yuan hand, minus the mortgage, son's tuition and fees, transportation, communications, and other necessary expenses incurred running out.

Zou Qiang have a knot-the five insurances and a payment is paid by Beijing's standards, but the pension can only be according to the old standard. "Lower pension benefits than Beijing, difference of six hundred or seven hundred a month, a year is a not a small amount. ”

Despite the pressure, Zou Qiang insisted on staying in Beijing. "Beijing is the first-tier cities, is much more than the two or three tier opportunity, higher efficiency. In addition, after all, came to Beijing for so many years, for a long time will always have feelings. ”

Zou Qiang expectation, Hukou reform can genuinely promote, "account comes bundled with a lot of stuff, outsiders in the cost of living is high in Beijing. Only on account of attaching a minus, to achieve the normal flow of people. "Account brings to life all the inconveniences, Zou Qiang frustration, but also expressed confidence. "The reform trend is obvious, this unfair cannot continue. ”

Press reviews: despite the enormous pressures, but hard work from home in the big cities young people into the city's enthusiasm continues unabated, as there is a good development space and allowing it to carry them more hope. However, paper accounts are different, but they cannot be treated equally in the various public services. Through reform of the Hukou system fairer without delay.

　　Chengdu construction migrant worker Yang Guanglin –

　　Looking forward to no longer be "passer" (new look forward to ③ · household registration system)

　　Migrant farm workers eager to "gate" the truly open to them

Reporter Zhang Wen

Cool water splashed from the tap, Yang Guanglin, like other workers, lining up the front, with both hands holding a hold sth. with cupped hands water on my face. However, water washed off the face of the dirt, but come out with a tired face.

7 years ago, he and his wife with a 1 year old son came to Chengdu from dazhou in Sichuan province's rural working class, cement, concrete work, steel workers ... ... According to his own account, trades on the construction site, he was "Round Hill".

"Quit next year, Florida back home. "Yang Guanglin told reporters that construction work is drudgery, so income is relatively high among the migrant workers, together with his wife in a fellow roadside restaurant storekeeper, now a year, the couple scrimp and save to save ten thousand or twenty thousand dollars. However, over the years, old Yang who was in Chengdu could not find a sense of belonging, he felt the big city "transient guest".

Due to the high mobility of the construction industry, social security has been Yang Guanglin very painful. "I do not have a local account, can only be achieved through comprehensive social security. But for stretches at the site like I do, this cement today, over 3 months and that steel workers, could not be fixed for a long time, social security was never completed. "Old Yang told reporters that he used to do live site, migrant farm workers are can save the province, social insurance and health insurance-no.

"I love this kind of situation. "Yang Guanglin said, because there is no insurance, he was a family of three living in Chengdu, didn't think was always late. Usually small little pain endured, more serious, go to clinics that take some medicine, and even to "black clinic" medical advice.

Yang Guanglin most headaches than kids of school issues. Old Yang's son, who just turned 8 years old, has been transferred twice. "The two schools are so bad that schools cannot go. "Yang Guanglin said helplessly, while Chengdu migrant worker's children to school has special provisions, just to stay Street Office in our related to prove it, but I just proved, to the school there were no use.

"The school says we are a household registration in the field, paying sponsorship fees for admission, an opening is well in thousands of years, we can afford to pay? "Yang Guanglin told reporters that he attended a large circle to find two migrant workers ' children school, but none of these two primary school education qualification, I'm afraid the children study is a problem in the future.

"Watch your old said did not return home next year, but we will have to say so, not made up his mind to go back every year, in the final analysis, is still reluctant to let this big city. If the cheaper option, what kind of insurance can be purchased and what policies can enjoy, how wonderful! "Yang Guanglin deep sigh a sigh of relief.

Press reviews: promote the co-ordination of new towns need reform of household registration system. Which not only account itself, also includes associated with employment, housing, care for the elderly and other basic benefits. Only if you have a true citizenship, enjoyed the same treatment, rural population into cities to eliminate worries and fully integrated with city life, become the city's "master".

　　Account "gold content" more equal (golden sea-tide)

Ouyang Jie

Real population of "free movement" symptomatic effects you want, and advancing the Equalization of public services, so that more people in smaller cities and even in rural areas there are more opportunities for development and security

In reality, between urban and rural areas, between big cities and smaller cities, there are numerous or implicit or explicit gullies. And people can not easily cross these barriers by many factors, including the household registration system.

Can always see around us, a desire into the heart of the city and real domicile contradictions exist between constraints. Resulting differences in interests, protection and treatment, are reminded each of the status of the cities ' differences.

Reform of the household registration system is "a man of iron." Nevertheless, the action in this regard in recent years and less. In May of this year, a State Council Executive meeting will introduce measures governing management of certificate of residence, classification and promoting the reform of the household registration system, improving public services and the social security system. Also around in a positive way, get away, explains the household limit. Many cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Nanjing from the start with a residence permit system, the residence permit to be the "point system" management, gradual implementation of residency and domicile of the docking.

However, up to now, reform progress did not seem to satisfy people's expectations, some reforms when expectations are high, but the actual implementation is facing problems. In the residence permit system has been, for example, foreign enthusiasm for this population is fading. The reason is mainly residence permit system involving the population is too small, compared to the city with the influx of migrants, can only be described as a drop. Like some big city, since 2002, since the introduction of a residence permit, and almost 300,000 people who obtain a residence permit, but when less than 5,000 people to local accounts, compared with the tens of millions of non-registered population of the city, only a few minorities, and the application of the threshold were not cheap. This shows that the household registration system reform has opened a window, but it is still hard to keep up with the strong desire of the migrant population into the urban.

It is desirable to get a city account or accounts in big cities, mainly because of household registration and the vital interests of each connected, is behind all aspects such as health, education, social security, pension security and benefits. In a big city, if you do not have a account, you will encounter a variety of inconveniences, the doctor can't claim, dozens of Yuan higher than the locals even registration fee; children's schooling "sponsorship fees"; buy cars restricted ... ... A household paper hosted on too much added value, to let people in droves.

Behind the Census register system is linked with public services, community resources, and rural/urban areas and big cities and small cities of our country's public services by several orders. Because of this, if it was just simply let go, you may get large numbers of people to the advantages of resources in the short term the city together, culminating in few big cities that have been running at full capacity cannot be hosted. Contradiction of the household registration system, or public service resources fundamentally unbalanced contradictions. Therefore, to really take the population of "freedom of movement", also need symptomatic effects, and advancing the Equalization of public services, so that more people in the cities, even in the rural areas there are more opportunities for development and security. Account of "gold" after a relative parity, the reform of household registration system itself.

Of course, to do that, is by no means a moment's work. There are plenty of puzzles to solve, all aspects relating to adjustment of interest. Behind one account involving national co-ordination of the basic old-age insurance reform, involving health insurance medical insurance subsidy system to adjust, change also relates to the funding of compulsory education ... ... Each of which cannot be easily resolved. However, just because it's afraid of change, does not change. Both start from the General wishes of the people, is considered from the angle of promoting new towns, reform needs to be accelerated. Through reforms to break barriers for residence registration, make basic public services more equal coverage, make people more free flow smoothly and economic and social development of a higher standard is the ruler.

　　Household registration system reform process

Jin Wen

Reform of household registration system has attracted much attention.　　Strict household registration management system between urban and rural areas, between migrants and the local population in the areas of education, health, housing, social security and many other inequalities restricting China's economic and social development, the urgent need to reform becoming increasingly prominent. In recent years, many began experimenting with reform of household registration system, especially since 2008, accelerating the reform. The end of 2012, Shanghai residence permits are "point system" management, residence permit card a and c licence holders in the social security, public health, housing and other aspects of exactly the same treatment, enjoyment and the equal treatment of the residents of Shanghai local household registration. In April this year, Beijing raised will be launched within the year system of residence permits. In addition, future access to residence permits and residence in Nanjing docking system.

18 of the party made it clear that to speed up the reform of the Hukou system, orderly transfer of population urbanization of agriculture, and strive to achieve urban resident population of full coverage of basic public services. So far this year, and accelerate the process of reform of household registration system. In February, the three ministries and the opinions on deepening the reform of income distribution system and proposed "introduced nationally unified social security system", "the unified national system of taxpayer identification number" or "universal health care" and "agro-transfer mechanism of population urbanization", and strive to achieve urban resident population of full coverage of basic public services. On May 6, the Executive meeting of the State Council this year will introduce administrative measures on residence permits, classification advance the reform of household registration system, improvement of public services and social security system.

Promoting urbanization construction of one of the key components is the reform of household registration system. This year June 26, in 12th session National Standing Committee third times meeting Shang, country development and Reform Commission Director Xu shaoshi for has State on town of construction work situation of report under, report in the said, my will full release small town and small city settled in limit, ordered release medium city settled in limit, gradually relaxed big city settled in conditions, reasonable set King City settled in conditions, gradually to meets conditions of agricultural transfer population into town residents.

More substantive changes are worth the wait.

(Edit: SN069)
November 12, 2013 People's daily online-people's daily
(人民日报关注户籍改革 北漂称户口捆绑太多东西|户籍改革|户口|社会福利_新闻资讯

　　北京某网站频道运营编辑邹强——

　　没户口，生活真不便(改革新期待③户籍制度)

　　附加在户口上的东西太多了

　　欧阳洁 周庆华

　　在把四环、五环一顺溜地看了个遍后，邹强终于在远离北京城区的河北燕郊有了自己的房子。他说：“因为户籍在河北老家，早先房价不高时要缴税满5年才能买房。好不容易满5年了，这房价又涨上去了。只能在远点的地方买。”

　　邹强来自河北省衡水市下辖的一个县级市，大学毕业后来北京工作已有8个年头，并成了家。2010年初儿子出生后，他把妈妈接来照顾家里。眼看儿子一天比一天大，邹强觉得不能再等了，咬咬牙在燕郊买下一套88平方米的二手房，总价90万元。付了首付之后，每个月得还房贷3500元。“没北京户口不仅买房受限制，而且价格上也会很吃亏。北京本地人可以买两限房，外地人只能买商品房，价格要贵出一倍。”

　　回想以前，由于没有户口，儿子的出生把小夫妻俩折腾得够呛。“孩子生下来之前我和媳妇都得跑回老家开准生证，还得到单位开初胎证明。儿子出生21天后，再拿着这些材料去医院开出生证明。”邹强说，儿子虽然在北京出生，但上的是河北户口，妻子住院期间的费用没法报销，产检及顺产前前后后花了3000多元。“如果有北京市城镇户口，可以享受生育险报销费用；即便是北京市农村户口，也可以走农村合作医疗。我们外地人只能自费多掏钱。”

　　儿子上学也是邹强的一块心病。“公立幼儿园上不了，只能选择离家近的私人幼儿园，但每个月学费就得交1200元，不过这已经是相对便宜的了。”邹强介绍，自己每个月底薪加提成，税前才8000多元，扣完五险一金，能拿到手的6500元左右，扣掉房贷、儿子的学费、交通费、通讯费等必要开支后所剩无几。

　　邹强心里还有一个结——五险一金是按北京的标准缴纳，但是领取养老金却只能按老家的标准。“家里养老金标准比北京低，一个月相差六七百，一年下来也是一笔不小的数目。”

　　尽管生活压力大，邹强还是坚持留在北京。“北京是一线城市，比二、三线城市的机会多得多，办事效率也更高。另外，毕竟来北京这么多年了，待久了总会有感情。”

　　邹强期待，户籍改革能切切实实地推动，“户口捆绑了太多的东西，外地人在北京生活成本太高了。只有把附加在户口上的东西一项项减去，才能实现人的正常流动。”而对于户口给生活上带来的种种不便，邹强虽然无奈，但也表示有信心。“改革的趋势是明显的，这种不公平不可能一直维持下去。”

　　记者点评：尽管生活压力巨大，但在大城市打拼的异乡年轻人融入城市的热情依然不减，因为这里有良好的发展空间，能够承载他们更多的希望。只是，一纸户口的不同，却让他们在各种公共服务上无法得到平等对待。通过改革让户籍制度更公平，刻不容缓。

　　成都建筑农民工杨光林——

　　期待不再是“过客”(改革新期待③ ·户籍制度)

　　外来农民工渴望“城门”真正为他们敞开

　　本报记者 张 文

　　清凉的自来水哗哗地从水龙头流出，杨光林和其他工友一样，排着队上前，用双手捧一抔水就往脸上抹。只是，清水洗得掉满脸的污垢，却洗不掉满脸的倦容。

　　7年前，他和妻子带着1岁大的儿子从四川达州的农村来到成都打工，水泥工、砼工、钢筋工……照他自己的说法，建筑工地上的工种他都“轮过岗”。

　　“明年就不干了，回达州老家。” 杨光林告诉记者，建筑工是苦差事，所以收入在农民工当中算比较高的，加上妻子在一家老乡开的路边小餐馆帮厨，现在一年下来，两口子省吃俭用能攒下一两万元。但是，这么些年，老杨一家还是在成都找不到归属感，他觉得自己只是这座大城市的“过客”。

　　由于建筑行业的流动性强，买社保一直都让杨光林非常头疼。“我没有本地户口，只能通过用工单位购买综合社保。但是像我这样在工地打短工，今天在这家做水泥工，过3个月又去那家做钢筋工，不可能长期固定，社保也从没有办妥过。”老杨告诉记者，他以前干过活的工地，对外来农民工都是能省则省，社保、医保这些基本没有。

　　“我爱人也是这样的情况。”杨光林说，由于没有各种保险，他一家三口生活在成都，觉得心里总是没底。平时小病小痛忍着，比较严重的，就去小诊所随便开点药，甚至到“黑诊所”求医。

　　最让杨光林头疼的，莫过于孩子的上学问题。老杨的儿子刚满8岁，已经转过两次学。“两家学校都太差了，好学校又不能去。”杨光林无奈地说，虽然成都对外来务工人员的子女入学有专门规定，只需到暂住地街道办开相关证明就行，但是好不容易开来的证明，到了学校那儿都没啥用。

　　“学校说我们是外地户籍，入学要交赞助费，一开口就是好几千一年，我们咋交得起？”杨光林告诉记者，他辗转一大圈才找到两家农民工子弟学校，但是这两所小学都没有办学资质，只怕孩子将来升学都是问题。

　　“嘴上老说着明年就不干了回老家，但是每年都这么说，每年都没能下定决心回去，说到底，还是舍不得这大城市。要是能像本地人一样，啥保险都能买，啥政策都能享受，该多好！”杨光林长叹了一口气。

　　记者点评：推进新型城镇化需要户籍制度改革的配合。这其中不仅仅是户口本身，还包括与此相关的就业、居住、养老及其它的基本福利保障。只有拥有真正的市民身份，享受同城化待遇，农村人口走入城市才能消除后顾之忧，真正融入城市生活，成为所在城市的“主人”。

　　让户口“含金量”更均等(金海观潮)

　　欧阳洁

　　■真正实现人口的“自由迁徙”，需对症施策，推进公共服务的均等化，让更多的人在中小城市甚至在农村都有更多的发展机会和生活保障

　　现实中，城乡之间、大城市与小城市之间，还有许多或隐或显的沟壑。而让人无法轻易越过这些障碍的诸多因素中，就包括户籍制度。

　　在我们身边总能看到，一颗颗渴望融入城市的心与现实户籍约束之间存在种种矛盾。由此带来的权益、保障和待遇的不同，更是时刻提醒着每个城市外来人员身份的差别。

　　户籍制度是改革的“硬骨头”。尽管如此，近年来在这方面的动作并不少。今年5月，国务院常务会议提出将出台居住证管理办法，分类推进户籍制度改革，完善相关公共服务及社会保障制度。各地也在积极想办法，出新招，破解户籍限制。北京、上海、南京等不少城市从居住证制度入手，对居住证进行“积分制”管理，逐步推行居住证和户籍的对接。

　　然而，到目前为止，改革进展似乎并不能满足人们的期许，有些改革举措推出时期望值很高，但实际推行却面临种种问题。以一度颇受关注的居住证制度为例，外来人口对此的热情正渐渐淡去。究其原因，主要是居住证制度涉及的人口太少，与不断涌入的城市外来人口相比，只能说是杯水车薪。比如某大城市，自2002年实行居住证以来，获得居住证的人近30万人，但是真正转为当地户口的不到5000人，与城市上千万的非户籍人口相比，只是寥寥少数，而且申请的门槛并不低。由此可见，户籍制度改革已经打开了一扇窗，但是还是难以跟上外来人口融入城市的强烈愿望。

　　人们希望获得一张城市户口或者大城市户口，主要是因为户籍与每个人的切身利益紧密相连，背后是医疗、教育、社保、养老等方方面面的保障和福利。身处大城市，如果没有一张户口，就会遭遇各种不便，看病没法报销，连挂号费都比本地人高出数十元；子女上学要交“赞助费”；买房购车受限制……一张户口纸上承载太多附加值，让人们趋之若鹜。

　　户籍制度的背后是与之挂钩的公共服务、社会资源等，而目前我国城乡、大城市与中小城市的公共服务水平相差较大。正因为此，如果仅仅是简单的放开，就可能出现大量人口短期内向优势资源城市聚集，最终造成已满负荷运转的少数大城市无法承载。户籍制度的矛盾，从根本上说还是公共服务资源不均衡的矛盾。因此，要真正实现人口的“自由迁徙”，也需对症施策，推进公共服务的均等化，让更多的人在中小城市，甚至在农村都有更多的发展机会和生活保障。户口的“含金量”相对均等后，户籍制度的改革才能水到渠成。

　　当然，要做到这一点，绝非一时之功。还有很多难题要解，涉及方方面面利益的调整。一张户口背后涉及基本养老保险的全国统筹改革，涉及医保参保补贴制度的调整，也涉及义务教育资金投入的变化……每一项都不可能轻易解决。但是，不能因为难就怕改、不改。无论是从广大百姓的愿望出发，还是从推进新型城镇化的角度考虑，相关改革都需要加速推进。通过改革打破户籍藩篱，让基本公共服务更广泛更均等地覆盖，让人才更自由顺畅地流动，是经济社会更高水平发展的重要标尺。

　　户籍制度改革进程

　　金 闻

　　户籍制度改革一直备受关注。严格的户籍管理制度造成城乡之间、流动人口与本地人口之间在教育、医疗、住房、社保等诸多方面的不平等，制约着我国经济社会的发展，改革的紧迫性日益凸显。　　近年来，不少地方开始尝试户籍制度改革，尤其是2008年以来，各地改革加速推进。2012年底，上海对居住证进行“积分制”管理，居住证A证和C证持有者在社会保险、公共卫生、住房保障等各方面的待遇完全相同，享受和上海本地户籍居民的同等待遇。今年4月，北京市提出年内将启动实施居住证制度。此外，南京即将建立居住证与户籍准入对接制度。

　　党的十八大明确提出，要加快改革户籍制度，有序推进农业转移人口市民化，努力实现城镇基本公共服务常住人口全覆盖。今年以来，户籍制度改革进程加速推进。2月，三部委出台《关于深化收入分配制度改革的若干意见》，提出 “实行全国统一的社会保障卡制度”、“全国统一的纳税人识别号制度”、“全民医保体系”、“农业转移人口市民化机制”等，努力实现城镇基本公共服务常住人口全覆盖。5月6日，国务院常务会议确定今年将出台居住证管理办法，分类推进户籍制度改革，完善相关公共服务及社会保障制度。

　　推进城镇化建设的关键一环在于户籍制度改革。今年6月26日，在第十二届全国人大常委会第三次会议上，国家发改委主任徐绍史作了《国务院关于城镇化建设工作情况的报告》，报告中称，我国将全面放开小城镇和小城市落户限制，有序放开中等城市落户限制，逐步放宽大城市落户条件，合理设定特大城市落户条件，逐步把符合条件的农业转移人口转为城镇居民。

　　更多实质性的改革值得期待。

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