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The author:(作者)左published in(发表于) 2013/11/12 12:36:35 Smartphone comes pre-loaded with the new rules the four dead zones
Smartphone preinstalled applications rules four blind spots-preloaded software, preloaded applications, smartphones pre-installed software-IT information Smartphone comes pre-loaded with the new rules the four dead zones
Bought a new Smartphone , open only to find that it has been installed a lot of applications--for many consumers, the common features of this scenario. Some pre-installed applications can provide consumers with a convenient, whereas others are superfluous. Moreover, some unscrupulous vendors in the pre-installed applications "mine-laying", steal user privacy issues, such as repeated exposures.
Starting this month, the Ministry issued the notice on strengthening the network access management for mobile intelligent Terminal the official implementation of, preinstalled applications right from the start to accept more stringent controls. However, in the industry's view, due to the provision itself remains blind, new rules can only be preloaded applications first step in management.
-Preloaded applications
Four categories used with mobile phones
Due to work reasons, reporters frequently exposed to a variety of brands, models of mobile phones, observing, both domestic and foreign brands of smartphones, application pre-installed is a widespread phenomenon. All of the preloaded applications can be divided into several different categories:
Category: System features applications. This type of application is to meet the required basic features of a Smartphone, but for all the smart phone has pre-installed, such as camera, browser, calendar, music player, this class of basic application is not uninstalled. Because of this type of application is essential, so few for such pre-installed applications, user complaints.
Category II: mobile phone manufacturer featured services applications. In the case of mobile convergence of hardware and system, the mobile phone manufacturers to increase competitiveness are concentrating their efforts on the application characteristics, launching its own exclusive application, such as manufacturer's own app store, such as security software. These applications have been cured in the mobile phone system, cannot be directly unloaded.
Category III: carrier customized applications. In the 3G era, operator's customized machines come to dominate the Smartphone market, custom machine comes pre-loaded with a variety of carriers in their application, such as MM store of China Mobile, fetion, store worth of China Unicom, China Telecom Tianyi space, most of these applications can be uninstalled.
The fourth category: third-party application developers. Largest number of this type of application, and also the most complex, combining popularity like micro-blogging, micro-very high mass applications, there are some professional applications, many of them with malicious programs, will give users a phone bill, flow loss.
Big-name manufacturers specifications
Comparison of various application pre-installed on the phone number and variety, one can see a pattern--brand phone number not many pre-installed applications, basic three applications before. For third-party applications, these brands on the selection will be more cautious. "We only select the most popular, users demand applications pre-installed. "Yulong CoolPad company official, told reporters.
According to press reports, some mainstream applications manufacturers will choose to cooperate with the pre-installed by handset vendors, through which the manufacturer's mobile products to promote their applications. However, these applications are generally similar, public comments, Tencent Sina weibo phone Butler the well-known applications. "For us, select those with safety risks to cooperate would not pay, causing loss to the user once these applications would have huge negative implications for our brand image. "A leading handset manufacturer's executives said in an interview with reporters.
In contrast, in some small brands, various pre-installed applications and in particular the fourth class will be more. Insiders told reporters that the small brand mobile phone manufacturers in order to compete with the big brands, tend to depress prices approach, which makes this product's profit margin is very low, and through the pre-installed applications, these small brand mobile phone manufacturers can get part of their income.
Largest number of preinstalled applications, the quality of the most varied, be a brand-free cottage. Due to the cottage with no branding concerns, and regulatory gaps, so most unbridled in the pre-installed applications. Especially malicious applications, many of which are transmitted by these phones.
-Preinstalled applications and demerits
Benefits reduce cell phone use thresholds
In fact, preloaded applications in many cases is not a bad thing. "If consumers buy a mobile phone any software that you do not have, but also to find and learn how to use, this is a very high threshold for the use of the set. "In the communications industry expert Xiang, preloaded applications is not necessary.
Xiang said that not all Smartphone users are "playing" masters, especially those middle-aged and elderly users, for them, one is already good enough simple to a variety of common applications for cell phones.
In fact, it is because some users not familiar with Smartphone use, also spawned a service for users to download and install applications in a number of professional mobile phone stores, there are similar services. "For people who are not familiar with smart phones, we will ask them about their needs, recommending to them and help them download the common application. Needs quite a lot. "Beijing Dickson store clerk told reporters.
Inconvenience and risks
Savvy smart-phone users, preloaded applications seem superfluous. Senior cell phones in this much smaller players have complained about. "I'm on Twitter like with ' four ' is the official client phone comes pre-loaded with; I like to use the Chrome browser, preloaded is UC ... ... The preinstalled applications means nothing to me, still have to uninstall. ”
People like complaining about a minority. Application preinstalled in phone number, both take up storage space, will also take up memory, makes a phone to run slowly. More serious is, lots of networking applications in the background doesn't do it, the user unknowingly "kill" valuable traffic.
If we say that these are just some of the trouble, then security is undoubtedly the greatest risk of the pre-installed applications. An Zhuoping on the bar, lots of seemed normal, with hidden malicious program--mobile security experts that prompts the user more than once. According to press reports, by downloading ready-made tools, were only an acquaintance with programming, it can be easily implanted malicious code into normal applications, which leads to a variety of hazards: cell phones, steal information from a user, remote control users ' losses caused ... ...
-Preinstalled applications rules interpretation
Five new rules prohibiting preinstalled
With preloaded application media exposure and consumer complaints increase, was introduced in April of this year on the strengthening of the Ministry notice for mobile intelligent Terminal in the network management (hereinafter referred to as the notice), in which the management requirements for Smartphone preinstalled applications, which officially launched in November this year.
And outside looks forward to in the of full phone pre-installed application management system different, notification under just requires prohibited pre-installed five class application: unauthorized collection, and modified user personal information of; unauthorized called terminal communications features, caused flow consumption, and costs loss, and information leaked, bad consequences of; effects mobile smart terminal normal features or communications network security run of; contains telecommunications regulations under prohibited publishing, and spread of information content of; other against user personal information security and against network and information security of.
And is not part of the above five categories of preloaded applications management, in the notice that only a few words--"handset vendors in the network access permit shall be provided in the application of preinstalled applications and operating system version information, and has products in the operating system and preinstalled applications gain access permission changes, manufacturers should report to the Ministry. ”
Issue new rules there are four dead zone
"To be honest, from the content, these new requirements for preloaded applications market chaos will not provide fundamental control results. "Mobile community of anonymity in comments to the Ministry's new rules, but he also said that the positive meaning of this was to show that relevant departments have started to notice and intended to solve the problem of preloaded applications," has taken the first step, always a good thing. ”
Not optimistic about the effect of new regulations in the telecommunications industry more than because of the new rules there are several severe blind spots.
Blind-a lack of freedom to uninstall requirements
Communications industry expert Xiang said, although the pre-installed applications there is good, but it must be applied to users are free to choose the right, preinstalled applications should be free to unload. In reality, however, many phone preinstalled applications are brushed into the system, cannot be directly unloaded, some even can be uninstalled, but once the phone back to factory settings, such applications will reappear.
These curing applications in mobile phones, some users have not used, so Windows Mobile Player will use "root" (get phone Super Administrator permissions) to uninstall the useless and taking up space. However, the majority of mobile phone manufacturers provide, after the root of cell phones are not a warranty, which would apparently allow users to become trapped in a dilemma.
"Apply delete permission to the consumer, is preloaded applications is the most effective way of governance. "Beijing University of posts and telecommunications, Professor Kan Kaili said. No demand the preloaded applications must be free to uninstall, say that it is a big loss in the new rules of the Ministry.
Blind spots two sales channels are not be controlled
A mobile insiders told reporters, in the sales channel, dealers often by swiping machine, placed in the cell phone and its application has a partnership. Because most of the application if you just put it on the market, is not going to bring installed capacity that is too high, by swiping machine preloaded on the phone, is the application of "up" means.
In fact, many pre-installed applications are entered in this way mobile phone users. Yulong CoolPad company official reluctantly told reporters, many pre-installed applications against the interests of consumers consumers are usually attributed to mobile phone manufacturers, but in reality, cell phone manufacturers often bear the blame for the brush machine.
"Pre-installed applications have a variety of ways at various dealers and even individuals are likely to brush the phone comes pre-loaded with those links more complex to manage. "Mobile Internet Industry Association Secretary General Li Yi said," then likely result--cell phone manufacturers don't do their own pre-installed software for the business, and outsourcing to other operators. A problem in the future, and even check on his head can be eroded. Downstream at various dealers and parallel imports, along with the usual brush. ”
Blind three knockoffs not included regulatory
As mentioned earlier, made malicious applications of the hardest-hit areas, but made no issuance of access permits the Ministry at all, so, with access permission for the way of governance means they will have no binding effect. "At the same time for card manufacturers to carry out strict management, management also needs to increase the Ministry made the manufacturer. "The mobile phone industry analysts said Cheng Bo. Cheng Bo said, the makers of malicious applications, pre-just one of the communication channels, segments of the preinstalled containment measures are not sufficient to eliminate malicious application, they can continue working in non-standard electronic application market to spread.
Blind spot four penalties for lack of clarity
Mobile Internet Industry Association Secretary General Li Yi in an interview with reporters, said the new rules are only segments of the mobile phone factory phone manufacturers in some sort of constraint, there is no authority supporting the implementation measures and sanctions, "there is no measure of punishment, means that these provisions may not be able to properly implement, manufacturers are likely to leave. ”
This reporter asked several mobile phone manufacturers, these manufacturers have to say if how the violate the rule will be punished. Just think, in cases of unknown measure of punishment, and firms will be voluntary to follow the rules?
Effect effect remains to be seen
Since deals only with some of the normative provisions of the notification, and detailed provisions have been made for the implementation of ways and Ministry regular press conference held at the end of October, Zhu Jun, Deputy Director of the Ministry of communications development division of preloaded applications supplements the implementation of the new rules of interpretation.
Zhu Jun said, in phone pre-installed application management of executive level Shang, Ministry while is increased checks intensity, on obtained into network license of smart terminal for supervision checks, focus check Terminal products and was card products of consistency; on the, is is requires production manufacturers will applications into network of smart terminal in the pre-installed of application software related information through manual or website publicity, way to social open, makes user can will purchased to of smart terminal of pre-reset application software information and publicity of information for contrast.
To date, preloaded applications new rules go into effect less than half a month, judging from this period of time, mobile phone manufacturers generally still in a wait-and-see period, whether the rules produce the desired effect, it is still hard to see. For example, mentioned that the Ministry has asked the notices and product comes pre-loaded with application of information posted on the Web site so that users can check. At present, products for network testing after November has not yet come to market, it is not known whether or not the manufacturers instructions on pre-installed applications should be publicized and reporters viewed the official site of several mobile phone manufacturers, have yet to see a vendor on their official website with regard to the disclosure of information. For specific implementation, several mobile phone manufacturers in the interview with "we will strictly follow the requirements of the Ministry to implement the" response, as to how the effect will be, you might also need a period of observation.
But industry insiders said, as time goes on, new rules will be applied to the mobile phone industry and development industry have some direct impact.
Mobile phone industry analyst Cheng Bo believes that, compared with the big mobile phone manufacturers and the formal application developers, small manufacturers and malicious application developers would be more restrictive. "The big mobile phone manufacturers for goodwill reasons, would not cooperate and malicious applications, new rules have limited impact on them; those medium and small brand mobile phones due to stronger dependence on pre-installed applications on the income, and therefore of greater impact, on a minimum profit to be lower than before is greatly reduced. "Cheng Bo said.
智能手机预装应用新规四大盲区 - 手机预装软件,手机预装应用,智能手机预装软件 - IT资讯智能手机预装应用新规四大盲区
买来一部新的智能手机，打开却发现里面已经被安装了不少应用程序——对于很多消费者来说，这已是司空见惯的情景。一些预装的应用能为消费者带来方便，有些则是画蛇添足。更有甚者，一些无良厂商在预装应用中“埋雷”，吸费、窃取用户隐私等问题屡遭曝光。
从本月开始，工信部出台的《关于加强移动智能终端进网管理的通知》正式实施，预装应用从源头开始接受更为严格的管控。不过，在业内人士看来，由于规定本身尚存不少盲区，新规只能算是在手机预装应用管理方面迈出的第一步。
□手机预装应用现状
四类应用充斥手机
由于工作原因，记者经常接触各种品牌、型号的手机，观察下来，不管是国内还是国外品牌的智能手机，预装应用是普遍存在的现象。所有的手机预装应用可以分为几种不同类别：
第一类：系统功能类应用。此类应用是满足智能手机必需的基本功能，也是所有智能手机中都有预装的，例如相机、浏览器、日历、音乐播放器等，此类应用基本不可以卸载。由于此类应用必不可少，所以很少会有用户对此类预装应用提出不满。
第二类：手机厂商特色服务类应用。在手机硬件和系统趋同的情况下，各手机厂商为增加竞争力，纷纷在特色应用上下功夫，推出自己的独家应用，例如厂商自己的应用商店、安全软件等。这些应用有的被固化在手机的系统中，无法直接卸载。
第三类：运营商定制类应用。在3G时代，运营商的定制机开始主导智能手机市场，定制机中也预装了多种运营商自己的应用，例如中国移动的MM商店、飞信，中国联通的沃商店，中国电信的天翼空间等，这些应用大部分是可以卸载的。
第四类：第三方开发者开发的各类应用。这类应用数量最多，也最为复杂，其中既有像微博、微信这样普及度非常高的大众应用，也有一些专业类应用，其中不乏带有恶意程序的应用，会给用户造成话费、流量损失。
大牌厂商相对规范
对比各种手机上的预装应用数量和种类，可以看出一个规律——大品牌手机预装应用的数量不是很多，基本都以前三类应用为主。对于第三方应用，这些品牌厂商在选择上会比较慎重。“我们只选取最流行、用户需求最高的应用进行预装。”宇龙酷派公司相关负责人告诉记者。
据记者了解，一些主流的应用厂商会选择与大的手机厂商进行预装合作，通过这些厂商的手机产品推广自己的应用。不过，这些应用一般都是类似新浪微博、大众点评、腾讯手机管家这样的知名应用。“对我们来说，选择那些有安全隐患的应用进行合作是得不偿失的，一旦这些应用给用户造成损失，会给我们的品牌形象造成巨大的负面影响。”一家知名手机厂商的高管在接受记者采访时表示。
相比较而言，在一些小品牌手机中，各种预装应用尤其是第四类应用会更多。有业内人士告诉记者，小品牌手机厂商为了与大品牌竞争，一般会采取压低价格的办法，这使得其产品的利润率非常低，而通过预装应用，这些小品牌手机厂商能获得部分收入。
预装应用数量最多、质量最良莠不齐的，当属无品牌的山寨手机。由于山寨手机既无品牌形象方面的顾虑，又处于监管盲区，因此在预装应用上最肆无忌惮。尤其是吸费的恶意应用，很多都是通过这些手机传播的。
□预装应用功与过
好处降低手机使用门槛
其实，手机预装应用在很多时候并不是一件坏事。“如果消费者买来一个任何软件都没有的手机，还要去寻找和学习如何使用，这样等于立下了一个很高的使用门槛。”在通信行业专家项立刚看来，手机预装应用还是很有必要的。
确如项立刚所言，并非所有智能手机用户都是“玩机”高手，尤其是一些中老年用户，对他们来说，一款已经装好各种常用应用的手机用起来才够简单。
事实上，正是由于一些用户不熟悉智能手机的使用，还催生出了为用户下载和安装应用的服务，在一些专业的手机卖场中，都有类似的服务。“对于那些不熟悉智能手机的人，我们会询问他们的需求，向他们推荐并帮他们下载一些常用的应用。有这样需求的人挺多的。”北京一家迪信通门店的店员告诉记者。
坏处带来不便和风险
对于精通智能手机的用户来说，手机预装的应用则显得画蛇添足。资深手机玩家小方对此多有抱怨。“我上微博喜欢用‘四次元’，可手机里预装的是官方客户端；我喜欢用Chrome浏览器，可预装的是UC……这些预装的应用对我毫无意义，还得去卸载。”
有类似抱怨的人不在少数。手机中预装的应用数量多，既会占用存储空间，也会占用内存，导致手机运行缓慢。更严重的是，很多应用会在后台联网，没用的应用多了，会在用户不知不觉中“消磨”宝贵的流量。
如果说上述问题只是一些小麻烦的话，那么安全性无疑是预装应用最大的风险。在安卓平台上，很多表面看起来正常的应用，其实都隐藏着恶意程序——手机安全专家不止一次地这样提示用户。据记者了解，通过在网上下载现成的工具，一个稍懂编程的人就可以轻易地将恶意代码植入正常的应用，从而带来各种危害：远程控制手机、窃取用户信息、造成用户话费损失……
□预装应用新规解读
新规五类应用禁止预装
随着媒体对手机预装应用问题曝光和用户投诉的增多，工信部于今年4月出台了《关于加强移动智能终端进网管理的通知》（以下简称《通知》），其中对智能手机预装应用的管理提出了要求，该通知从今年11月正式实施。
和外界期待中的完整手机预装应用管理体系不同，《通知》只是要求禁止预装五类应用：擅自收集、修改用户个人信息的；擅自调用终端通信功能，造成流量消耗、费用损失、信息泄露等不良后果的；影响移动智能终端正常功能或通信网络安全运行的；含有《电信条例》禁止发布、传播的信息内容的；其他侵害用户个人信息安全以及危害网络与信息安全的。
而对于不属于上述五类的手机预装应用的管理，《通知》只有寥寥数语——“手机厂商在进网许可时，应当在申请材料中提供操作系统版本和预置应用的信息，同时，已经获得入网许可的产品在操作系统和预装应用发生变化时，厂商应向工信部报备。”
问题新规存在四大盲区
“说实话，单从内容看，这些新规定对于手机预装应用市场的混乱不会起到根本性的治理效果。”一位不愿透露姓名的手机圈人士这样评价工信部的新规，不过他同时表示，此举的积极意义在于表明相关部门已经开始注意到并有意解决手机预装应用的问题了，“迈出了第一步，总是一件好事。”
不看好新规效果的业内人士不在少数，其原因在于，新规存在几个严重的盲区。
盲区一缺少自由卸载的规定
通信行业专家项立刚表示，虽然预装应用的存在是有好处的，但必须要给用户可以自由选择应用的权利，预装的应用都应该是可以自由卸载的。然而在现实中，很多手机的预装应用都是被刷入系统中的，无法直接卸载，有些即便可以卸载，但一旦手机恢复出厂设置，这些应用就又会重新出现。
这些被固化在手机中的应用，有些是用户根本不会用到的，于是有的手机玩家会用“root”的方式（获取手机超级管理员权限）来卸载那些毫无价值又占用空间的应用。但是，多数手机厂商都规定，root后的手机是不予保修的，这显然会让用户陷入一种两难境地。
“把删除应用的权限交给消费者，才是治理手机预装应用问题最有效的办法。”北京邮电大学教授阚凯力表示。没有强制要求手机预装应用必须可以自由卸载，不能不说是工信部新规中的一大缺失。
盲区二未对销售渠道加以管控
一位手机圈内人士告诉记者，在销售渠道中，经销商经常会通过刷机，在手机中置入与其有合作关系的应用。因为大部分应用如果单单放在市场上，是不会带来太高的安装量的，而通过刷机在手机上预装，是应用“上量”的重要途径。
事实上，大量预装应用都是通过这种方式进入用户手机的。宇龙酷派公司的一位负责人无奈地对记者表示，很多预装应用侵害了消费者的利益，消费者通常会归咎于手机厂商，但实际上，手机厂商常常是替刷机商背了黑锅。
“预装应用有很多种途径，各级经销商甚至个人都有可能对手机进行刷机预装，这些环节管理起来更加复杂。”中国移动互联网产业联盟秘书长李易称，“到时候很有可能出现的结果就是——手机生产厂商自己不做预装软件这部分业务了，而外包给别人做。将来出了问题，即使查到自己头上也能推脱。而下游的各级经销商和水货商照旧刷机。”
盲区三山寨机未被纳入监管
前面已经提到，山寨手机是恶意应用的重灾区，但由于山寨手机根本就没有工信部核发的入网许可，所以，以入网许可为途径的治理手段对它们来说毫无约束效果。“在对有证厂商进行严格管理的同时，工信部也需要加大对山寨手机厂商的管理力度。”手机行业分析师成博表示。成博还提到，对于恶意应用的制造者来说，预装只是传播渠道之一，在预装环节的遏制措施不足以将恶意应用消除，它们还可以继续在不规范的电子应用市场加以扩散。
盲区四处罚措施不够明确
中国移动互联网产业联盟秘书长李易在接受记者采访时表示，新规仅从手机出厂的环节对手机厂商进行了某种约束，却未出台配套的监督实施办法和处罚措施，“没有处罚措施，也就意味着这些条文可能无法被真正地贯彻执行，厂商很可能会阳奉阴违。”
记者就此询问了几家手机厂商，这些厂商也说不出如果违反了规定会受到怎样的处罚。试想，在处罚措施不明的情况下，又会有几家厂商会自觉自愿地遵循规定呢？
效果执行效果尚待观察
由于《通知》只涉及一些规范性规定，而对于执行方式未做详细规定，于是在10月底举行的工信部例行新闻发布会上，工信部通信发展司副司长祝军又对手机预装应用新规的执行情况作了补充解释。
祝军表示，在手机预装应用管理的执行层面上，工信部一方面是加大抽查力度，对获得进网许可证的智能终端进行监督抽查，重点检查终端产品与获证产品的一致性；另一方面，则是要求生产厂家将申请进网的智能终端中预装的应用软件相关信息通过说明书或者网站公示等方式向社会公开，使得用户可以将购买到的智能终端的预置应用软件信息与公示的信息进行对比。
到目前为止，手机预装应用新规的正式实施只有不到半个月时间，从这段时间的情况来看，手机厂商普遍还处于观望期，新规能否取得理想的效果，现在还很难看出。例如，祝军提到，工信部要求厂商在通知书和网站上公布产品的预装应用信息以便用户查对。目前，11月以后进行入网检测的产品还没有到上市周期，所以尚无法知晓厂商是否会在说明书中对预装应用的情况进行公示，而记者查看了多家手机厂商的官方网站，也还没有看到有厂商在官网上披露这方面的信息。对于具体的落实情况，多家手机厂商在接受记者采访时都以“我们会严格按照工信部的要求来实施”的说法作为回应，至于实施效果究竟会如何，可能还需要一段时间的观察。
不过业内人士表示，随着时间的推移，新规将对手机行业和应用开发行业产生一些直接的影响。
手机行业分析师成博认为，相比大牌手机厂商和正规的应用开发者，小厂商和恶意应用开发者会受到较大的制约。“大牌的手机厂商出于商誉考虑，不会和那些恶意应用合作，因此新规对它们的影响有限；那些中小品牌手机由于在收入上对预装应用的依赖性更强，因此会受到较大的冲击，起码利润上会较之前大大降低。”成博表示。
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