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The author:(作者)左published in(发表于) 2013/11/13 7:12:32 Establishment of unified construction land market in urban and rural areas is or will be the land reform
18 closing of the third plenary session yesterday
Outlines reform vision stressed "market defining"
Prince is about
General objective is to improve and develop the Socialist system with Chinese characteristics, promote the modernization of national governance systems and governance capacity
By 2020, the decisive on the reform in important fields and crucial links
Set up comprehensive reform leading group
The establishment of the National Security Committee
Make market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources, and give better play to the role of Government
Perfecting the property right protection system, actively developing mixed ownership economy and support the healthy development of non-public ownership economy
Establishment of the integrated urban and rural construction land market, advancing the following key elements: equal exchange and balanced allocation of public resources
Reforming the tax system, stable taxes, its central and local initiative, establish responsibilities and spending responsibilities compatible system
Open to promoting reform, liberalizing the investment access, accelerate the construction of free trade zone
Uphold the constitutional authority of the law, ensuring the right to independent and impartial judicial power should be exercised according to the law, public prosecutors, improve the system of judicial protection of human rights
Facing the complex international situation and the onerous task of governance, reform to get ahead has become China's only community consensus. At the critical point of transition, closing 18 plenary session yesterday once again China's reforms are standing at a new historical starting point.
Plenary session to hear and discuss the work report made by Comrade XI Jinping, Member of the Commission, were considered by the CPC Central Committee on several major issues of comprehensive reform decision. According to Xinhua News Agency yesterday decided last Bulletin (hereinafter referred to as "Bulletin"), two new bodies will soon come into being: they are responsible for overall design and supervise the implementation of the comprehensive reform leading group for deepening the reform, as well as ensuring the national security of the National Security Council.
A communique, deepen reform of the overall objective is to improve and develop the Socialist system with Chinese characteristics, promote the modernization of national governance systems and governance capacity. Must focus more on systemic, holistic, collaborative nature of the reforms, speeding up the development of the Socialist market economy, democratic politics and advanced culture and harmonious society and ecological civilization, all labor, knowledge, technology, management, capital of energy compete burst, source of all social wealth created full play, make results more equitable development benefit all people.
Among them, the economic system is the focus of comprehensive reform, the core issue is to deal with the relationship between Government and market, the market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources, and give better play to the role of Government. From the previous emphasis on market "an essential role" today raised the market's "decisive" marketing approach evident in the future China's economic reforms.
Plenary requirements by 2020, decisive results on reform in important fields and crucial links, form a system is complete, run effective system of scientific norms, and makes the system more mature more stereotypes.
First financial daily under interview more name expert of integrated views think, compared to past of plenary session, 18 session plenary session theme special stark, that is full deepening reform; national administrative College Professor Mr. Wang yukai is think, reform programme overall lineage has 18 big "five bit one" of ideas, but in 18 big of based Shang, for all area of highlight problem, has obviously of points to, connotation more rich, reform of content more full.
Reaffirming the basic economic system
The full public ownership as the mainstay of the party, and diverse forms of ownership to develop system since the establishment of the basic economic system for the primary stage of socialism, not only to ensure the establishment and operation of the Socialist market economy, and promote the sustained, rapid and sound development of the national economy.
The communiqué issued yesterday once again, public ownership as the mainstay and the common development of different systems of the basic economic system and is an important pillar of the Socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and Foundation of socialist market economic system.
Bulletin finds that must unwaveringly consolidate and develop the public ownership economy, adhere to the dominant position of public ownership, State-owned economy to play a leading role, and constantly enhance the State-owned economic vitality, power and influence. Minsheng securities Vice President Guan Qingyou believes that this shows that hasn't changed in the orientation of State-owned enterprises, State-owned enterprise reform in the mechanism, rather than institutional level.
Financial Director of the key laboratory of CASS said Liu Yuhui, monopolize the market-oriented reform of State enterprises, large enterprises will not go up too fast, market-oriented path of the dump in "separation of the railway infrastructures" was probably the main direction. Mining, mineral, land ownership is still likely to keep public ownership, operation of oil and gas pipelines, power grids, gas stations and other resource use areas, may introduce a competition mechanism, increase operational efficiency, but also improve the efficiency of State-owned assets.
In addition, the bulletin made public-owned economy and the non-State-owned economy is an important component of the Socialist market economy, an important foundation of China's economic and social development. Some expert said in a newspaper interview, with the market "a decisive role" determined that private market position will be further consolidated.
Land policy will have a major change
"All the economic problems, nothing is more important than rural land reform. "The latest issue of the Economist's focus on China says reform. For now, China's land system due to the presence of urban-rural dual structure, resulting in land resource allocation distortion and distortion of land income distribution.
According to the Communique, there will be significant changes in the land system, land transfer to accelerate, with the same rights. It said that to establish a fair and transparent market rules, improve mainly determined by the market pricing mechanism, the establishment of urban and rural construction land market of the United.
Liao Hongle, a researcher at the Ministry of agriculture, the rural economy Research Center believes that establishing reference reference of urban and rural construction land market of the United 17 the third plenary session on "developing urban and rural construction land market of the United" and that the "progressive" two characters removed, showed policymakers more determined in its decision.
In addition, the urban-rural dual structure was the main obstacle restricting integration of urban and rural development. Sound institutional mechanisms must be formed by industry promotes agriculture, urban areas, industry and agriculture for mutual benefit, in urban and rural areas of new urban-rural relationship of workers and peasants, for equal participation of peasants modernization process, to share results of modernization. Communiqué stressed that, to speed up the construction of the new management system, giving people more property rights, promoting urban and rural elements of equal exchange and balanced allocation of public resources, improve the urban healthy development of institutional mechanisms.
State and development strategy of tongzhihui, a researcher at Academia Sinica think at Renmin University, the third plenary session involving "three agricultural" reforms on fully embodies the reform of comprehensive and highly integrated urban and rural development and mutual influence, also highlighted the key areas of reform, the specific reforms clear direction to all interested parties, but also show a very wide range of room for reform. It can be predicted that according to the direction provided by the third plenary session, intensive "three agricultural" reform measures will be launched step by step.
Stress the importance tax reform
As plays in the economic reforms, tax reforms have been buffeted by intense scrutiny. Communiqué made, we must improve tax legislation, clear authority, reform the tax system, stability, transparent budgets, improve efficiency, establish a modern financial system, its central and local initiative. To improve the budget management system, improve the tax system, establish responsibilities and expenses system suitable for the responsibility.
Guan Qingyou believes that taxation system will be a major adjustment, to get the authority to reform, budget democratic or breakthrough.
Many experts believe that, for the first time emphasized the importance of financial is one of the highlights of the reform. Yang Zhiyong, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of social sciences, financial strategy Institute believes that this statement is more novel, explains financial not before we can understand the simple payment problems, is associated with the country's long-term stability, stressed the importance of financial, there are "political" significance in it.
Among them, the local and central levels a positive formulation emphasized the role of local, which will greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of the place. Geographical and political particularity of China does not allow authority to centralize, if on the resumption, medical, pension and other half of the expenditure in the future may be central, Central will also face tremendous pressure.
All-round opening into the global
Looking back at the history of China's reform and opening up, "open to promoting reform" is one of the most typical characteristics, one of the "China model" of successful experiences. Now, with the international political and economic situation has changed dramatically, with United States-led Western countries to create a new order of international trade on China's opening to the formation of the new requirements.
Only the last six months, top Chinese leaders all over again with an open to promote the reform, sparked widespread concern and study, and quickly advancing free trade zone in Shanghai, but also attracted the eyes of the world.
President XI Jinping recently said at the APEC CEO Summit, China will pursue a more pro-active strategy of opening up, perfect win-win situation, multiple balance, safe, efficient and open economy, promoting the coastal interior border open complementing each other, formed to lead the opening area of international economic cooperation and competition, nurture driving the regional development open Highlands.
Yesterday's Communique also suggested that adapt to the new situation of economic globalization, it must promote mutual promotion, bringing in and going out on the opening to better integrate, promote free movement of international and domestic factors, orderly, efficient allocation of resources, depth of market integration, accelerating the speed of cultivating new competitive advantages for participating in and leading international economic cooperation, to open for reform. To broaden the investment access, speed up the construction of the free trade area, expanding inland along the boundary.
For more than a month of the establishment of the free trade zone, Shanghai, many reform is gradually expanding. Negative inventory 2013 Edition of introduction to relax the investment access, some eligible foreign capital into and out of the Chinese capital to cancel the approval system and recording system applied, open in six areas of the service sector has announced and begun implementing regulation modes have also been landed, first into the district after the customs declaration, showing the full range with international standards.
In addition, there are expert comments on this saying that, in the context of economic globalization, regional economic integration, carry forward, accelerate open inland and along the border areas have become increasingly urgent. Promote open extends from the coast to the edge of space, for optimizing the open space layout, and to promote balanced development among regions, creating echoes, a land and sea times patterns of open space, is of great strategic importance.
In various areas of deployment
Not only for the economic system has a full range of deployment, the third plenary session on judicial, anti-corruption public awareness was quite high, the army also launched an important direction in the field.
It said that legal authority to uphold the Constitution, deepening the reform of administrative law enforcement, ensuring the right to independent and impartial exercise of judicial power, the public prosecutor's Office in accordance with sound judicial power operating mechanism, improve the system of judicial protection of human rights.
Mr. Wang yukai believes that report with special emphasis on respect for the authority of the Constitution and other content is very important, take the road of socialist legal system of China, proposed concept of rule of law in China. To establish the rule of law, the rule of law in China, does not establish the authority of the Constitution and the law, justice system does not have the opposite independence, social justice, would hardly be protected.
In addition, have also offered to build a scientific decision-making, to perform strongly, supervision and strong power system, improve the system of punishing and preventing corruption and build a clean government, and strive to achieve impartiality and cadres, government corruption, politics. We need to deepen the adjustment of personnel system reform in the army at the same time, advance the reform of the system of military policy adjustment, promote the development of military and civilian integration depth.
十八届三中全会昨日闭幕
勾画改革新愿景强调“市场决定性”
王子约
●总目标是完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化
●到2020年，在重要领域和关键环节改革上取得决定性成果
●成立全面深化改革领导小组
●设立国家安全委员会
●使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用
●完善产权保护制度，积极发展混合所有制经济，支持非公有制经济健康发展
●建立城乡统一的建设用地市场，推进城乡要素平等交换和公共资源均衡配置
●改革税制、稳定税负，发挥中央和地方两个积极性，建立事权和支出责任相适应的制度
●以开放促改革，放宽投资准入，加快自由贸易区建设
●维护宪法法律权威，确保依法独立公正行使审判权、检察权，完善人权司法保障制度
面对复杂的国际形势和繁重的治理任务，中国唯有改革才能继续前行已经成为各界共识。在转型的重要关头，昨日闭幕的十八届三中全会再次让中国的改革站在新的历史起点上。
全会听取和讨论了习近平同志受中央政治局委托作的工作报告，审议通过了《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》。根据新华社昨日发布的三中全会公报(下称“公报”)，两个新的机构即将诞生：它们是负责改革总体设计并督促落实的全面深化改革领导小组，以及确保国家安全的国家安全委员会。
公报指出，全面深化改革的总目标是完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。必须更加注重改革的系统性、整体性、协同性，加快发展社会主义市场经济、民主政治、先进文化、和谐社会、生态文明，让一切劳动、知识、技术、管理、资本的活力竞相迸发，让一切创造社会财富的源泉充分涌流，让发展成果更多更公平惠及全体人民。
其中，经济体制改革是全面深化改革的重点，核心问题是处理好政府和市场的关系，使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用。从以往强调市场的“基础性作用”到如今提出市场的“决定性作用”，未来中国经济改革中的市场化思路彰显无遗。
全会要求，到2020年，在重要领域和关键环节改革上取得决定性成果，形成系统完备、科学规范、运行有效的制度体系，使各方面制度更加成熟更加定型。
《第一财经日报》采访多名专家的综合意见认为，相比以往的三中全会，十八届三中全会主题特别鲜明，那就是全面深化改革；国家行政学院教授汪玉凯则认为，改革方案整体沿袭了十八大“五位一体”的思路，但在十八大的基础上，针对各个领域的突出问题，有明显的指向，内涵更加丰富，改革的内容更加充实。
重申基本经济制度
党的十五大把公有制为主体，多种所有制经济共同发展的制度确立为社会主义初级阶段的基本经济制度以来，不仅保证了社会主义市场经济体制的建立和运转，而且推动了国民经济持续快速健康发展。
昨日发布的公报再次重申，公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度，是中国特色社会主义制度的重要支柱，也是社会主义市场经济体制的根基。
公报认为，必须毫不动摇巩固和发展公有制经济，坚持公有制主体地位，发挥国有经济主导作用，不断增强国有经济活力、控制力、影响力。民生证券研究院副院长管清友认为，这说明国企的定位未变，国企改革料只在机制层面，而非体制层面。
中国社会科学院金融重点实验室主任刘煜辉称，垄断国企、大型央企的市场化改革不会走得太快，市场化的路径考量上“网运分离”恐怕是主要方向。比如采掘、矿产、土地所有权方面可能还是要保持公有制，但是油气管道、电网运营、加油站等资源使用领域，可能会引入竞争机制，提高运营效率，也是提高国有资产使用效率。
此外，公报特别提出公有制经济和非公有制经济都是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分，都是我国经济社会发展的重要基础。部分专家在接受本报采访时称，随着市场“决定性作用”的确定，私营企业的市场地位也会得到进一步巩固。
土地政策将有重大变化
“在所有的经济问题中，没有什么比农村的土地改革看起来更重要的了。”最新一期的《经济学人》在关注中国改革时如是说。目前而言，我国的土地制度由于存在城乡二元结构，造成土地资源的配置扭曲，以及土地收益分配的扭曲。
根据公报内容，土地制度将有重大变化，土地流转加快推进，同地同权。公报指出，要建立公平开放透明的市场规则，完善主要由市场决定价格的机制，建立城乡统一的建设用地市场。
农业部农村经济研究中心研究员廖洪乐认为，建立城乡统一的建设用地市场的提法参照十七届三中全会提出的“逐步建立城乡统一的建设用地市场”，这次将“逐步”两字去掉，显示决策层的决心更加坚定。
此外，城乡二元结构是制约城乡发展一体化的主要障碍。必须健全体制机制，形成以工促农、以城带乡、工农互惠、城乡一体的新型工农城乡关系，让广大农民平等参与现代化进程、共同分享现代化成果。公报强调，要加快构建新型农业经营体系，赋予农民更多财产权利，推进城乡要素平等交换和公共资源均衡配置，完善城镇化健康发展体制机制。
中国人民大学国家与发展战略研究院研究员仝志辉认为，三中全会涉及“三农”改革的有关表述充分体现了改革的整体性、城乡发展的高度融合和相互影响，也突出了重点领域的改革，给有关方面的具体改革明确了方向，也展现了非常广阔的改革空间。可以预见，根据三中全会提供的方向，密集的“三农”改革措施将会有步骤地推出。
强调财税改革重要性
作为经济改革中的重头戏，财税改革一直受到各方的密切关注。公报提出，必须完善立法、明确事权、改革税制、稳定税负、透明预算、提高效率，建立现代财政制度，发挥中央和地方两个积极性。要改进预算管理制度，完善税收制度，建立事权和支出责任相适应的制度。
管清友认为，财税体制将会作出重大调整，上收事权是改革方向，预算民主或有突破。
不少专家认为，首次强调财政的重要性是本次改革的一大亮点。中国社科院财经战略研究院研究员杨志勇认为，这种表述较为新颖，解释了财政不是大家之前所理解的简单的收支问题，是与国家的长治久安联系在一起的，强调了财政的重要性，有“政”的意义在里面。
其中，发挥地方和中央两个积极性的提法强调了地方的作用，这将极大调动地方的热情。中国地理和政治的特殊性决定不可能什么事权都收归中央，如果上收，未来医疗、养老等一大半的支出可能都在中央，中央也将面临巨大的压力。
全方位开放融入全球
回顾中国改革开放的历史，“以开放促改革”是其中最为典型的特征之一，也是“中国模式”的成功经验。如今，随着国际政经局势发生了巨大变化，以美国为首的西方国家打造的国际贸易新秩序对中国的对外开放形成了新要求。
仅半年以来，中国高层领导人重提以开放促改革，引发了市场的广泛关注和研读，而上海自由贸易试验区的火速推进，更是吸引了全世界的目光。
习近平主席日前在亚太经合组织工商领导人峰会上表示，中国将实行更加积极主动的开放战略，完善互利共赢、多元平衡、安全高效的开放型经济体系，促进沿海内陆沿边开放优势互补，形成引领国际经济合作和竞争的开放区域，培育带动区域发展的开放高地。
昨日的公报也提出，适应经济全球化新形势，必须推动对内对外开放相互促进、引进来和走出去更好结合，促进国际国内要素有序自由流动、资源高效配置、市场深度融合，加快培育参与和引领国际经济合作竞争新优势，以开放促改革。要放宽投资准入，加快自由贸易区建设，扩大内陆沿边开放。
在上海自贸区成立的一个多月里，诸多改革事宜已经逐步推开。比如负面清单2013版的出台，放宽投资准入，对于部分符合条件的外资进入和中国资本走出去取消审批制实行备案制，服务业六个领域的开放已经公布并开始落实，监管模式也已落地，海关先入区后报关等，展现出全方位与国际接轨的态势。
此外，有专家对本报评述称，在经济全球化、区域经济一体化不断推进的大背景下，加快内陆和沿边地区开放已变得日益紧迫。促进开放空间从沿海向沿边延伸，对于优化开放空间布局、促进区域协调发展、打造东西呼应、海陆并进的空间开放格局，具有重要战略意义。
多领域部署
不仅对经济制度建设有全方位的部署，本次三中全会在民众关注度颇高的司法、反腐、军队等领域也推出了重要的方向指引。
公报指出，要维护宪法法律权威，深化行政执法体制改革，确保依法独立公正行使审判权、检察权，健全司法权力运行机制，完善人权司法保障制度。
汪玉凯认为，报告里面特别强调的要尊重宪法的权威等内容非常重要，中国在走社会主义法制之路，提出法制中国概念。要建立法制社会、法治中国，不树立起宪法和法律的权威，司法审判制度不能有相对的独立性，社会公平就很难得到保障。
此外，公报还提出要构建决策科学、执行坚决、监督有力的权力运行体系，健全惩治和预防腐败体系，建设廉洁政治，努力实现干部清正、政府清廉、政治清明。同时要深化军队体制编制调整改革，推进军队政策制度调整改革，推动军民融合深度发展。
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