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The author:(作者)左published in(发表于) 2013/11/13 7:14:41 Experts said national security should not be the real sector is the overall planning department
Experts will be set up in charge of the National Security Committee chaired by the leader of the nation should be conducive to high-level harmonized why the establishment of the National Security Committee?
☆ The establishment of the National Security Council, national security systems and national security strategy, ensuring national security
Plenary announcement
The 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party's third plenary meeting, held in Beijing in November 9, 2013. 18 third plenary session Communique released yesterday, the establishment of the National Security Council, national security systems and national security strategy to ensure national security.
Is the plenary session of the National Security Committee was set up by one of the two new departments, is also the biggest highlight. Next-generation Central collective leadership of the national security strategy of gradually appear. Put the content in the Communique "innovating social governance" passage, also means that it is a "security" was born in the context of institutions.
Newspaper interviews with several experts on the background of the establishment of the National Security Council, its characteristics as well as interpretation of the membership.
Background of "safe" environment was born
National Defense University Professor Gong Fangbin told the legal evening news said in an interview with a reporter, the National Security Council, is based on the existing system, safe areas under the new situation and new problems have emerged.
Introduce Gong Fangbin, narrowly speaking, "security" refers to the traditional security, that is, China's response to external threats, foreign invasion, national security. Corresponding to the traditional security was "non-traditional security", non-traditional security concerns, financial security, environmental security, economic security, such as terrorism.
Compared to the traditional security concept is relatively simple, expanding non-traditional security connotations. "This is a big security. "Gong Fangbin said. "In the case of space change and development in the field of security, the National Security Council can better co-ordinate the interests of national security. ”
State of the Academia Sinica President Hu angang of Tsinghua University in an interview with the media also mentioned the development of China's international environment. China, the world's second largest economy and the largest dollar reserves, National Security Council was set up in the world there are various security cases formed an effective adjustment mechanism is a very important approach.
At the same time, it is also common practice the world's powers, United States, and Russia are the institutions, set up a National Security Council was also effective initiatives to adapt to China as a great nation. Now, we and the United States have established power relationships, from the President, the cooperation has already begun consultations at the presidential level, this is a national public goods.
Holders should be chaired by the leader of the nation
Which departments or the National Security Council staff, how do organizations, who served as the Committee's top leaders? These details are particularly impressive.
As regards the composition of the Committee, several experts agree with "national security" concept. They thought the traditional concept of security is far from enough, "national security" should include traditional and non-traditional security.
This view was very subtle manifestation in the bulletin, communiqué of the content in "innovating social governance" in paragraph, into a sound public security system. The paragraph that "the maximum increase harmonious factors, enhance social development, improve the level of social governance, the interests of national security, and ensure that the people live and work, social stability and order. How to improve social governance, stimulate energy, innovative and effective system of preventing and resolving social conflicts, and improve public safety system. ”
It goes without saying that this so-called security is security in a broader sense. In the context of this understanding, security "involved the Department, which Department should come in. "Gong Fangbin said.
Taking into account the functions of the National Security Council, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of finance, the Ministry of defence should be absorbed, security involves Hong Kong's external relations, financial aid, the country's armed forces, war, mobilization, etc. Li daguang, analysis, security, police, intelligence, economic and trade sectors should also be included.
According to its importance, the highest officials of the Commission shall be chaired by the country's Supreme Leader. Li daguang, also agreed with this view.
Characteristics of an integrated and coordinated decision-making authority
The establishment of the National Security Council also heralds a new generation of the Central leading group on the national security strategy of gradually appear.
A Chinese strategic military expert who asked not to be named said the legal evening news reporter, "integrated" and "coordination" and "efficiency", "fast" are characteristics of the newly established National Security Council. "Integrated" Gong Fangbin description of the characteristics of the National Security Committee, in favour of a unified leadership.
November of 2012 spokesman said Cai Mingzhao, "concluded more than 30 years of experience in reform and opening up, reform in the future, we will focus more on top design, focus more on systems supporting ... ..."
Several experts agreed that this new Commission is integrated and coordinated body.
Gong Fangbin further analysis, belong to the top part of the design of the National Security Council, and manpower planning problems.
Another military expert said that the establishment of this Committee will help strengthen coordination and authoritative decision-making, improve efficiency, and quickly solve the problem.
One expert told the legal evening newspaper reporters, as early as decades ago related departments to set up a preparatory group for the National Security Council, the group size is relatively large, there is more than one sector.
Li daguang, National Defense University Professor accepts the legal evening news reporter also said in an interview, has historically had high level considering the formation of a National Security Committee, was thinking about it and planning it.
Scattered in various areas, formerly in charge of security sector, involved in military, security, economic and other sectors, a situation not conducive to grasp the situation at the highest level.
According to the introduction, in emergency situations in the past, relevant departments will often set up an ad hoc coordinating group, but such ad hoc coordination, efficiency is often less than optimal.
Conducive to the establishment of the National Security Council, a top United National will, completed a major decision, various sectors can make in step, and more effective.
Either in the form of a real sector
When referring to the National Security Council, legal experts interviewed by night is no exception, refer to United States National Security Council.
Experts believe that China National Security Council likely will draw experience from the United States some useful experience, but would not stereotype, but forming mode with Chinese characteristics.
On July 24, 1947, President Truman signed the National Security Act, authorized the establishment of the National Security Council (NSC for short).
NSC as United States national security's highest decision-making body, since its inception has been to dominate the United States national security policy.
In the US-Soviet cold war, the Korean war, war in the Middle East, "9·11" event, Iraq war and other major events, full penetration of the great influence of the NSC. Kissinger's visit to China was also United States politicians known as the NSC "active" model.
Chairman of the NSC by the President, whose members include the Vice President and Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense, Minister of finance, the Secretary for emergency preparedness, the Director of Central Intelligence, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of staff, and the President's national security adviser.
And today, NSC has 200 staff, with its own news, legal, communication and speech preparation Office.
China's National Security Council, Gong Fangbin believes that this should not be a real sector, is a Planning Department.
Gong Fangbin stressed that no matter how the function and position of the National Security Council, there are two basic points will not change, one is to uphold the leadership of the Communist Party of China, a better safeguard national security and stable development.
This version of text/Bureau Chief Guo Yuandan thanks the material for Wang Peizhi Zhang Yi
国家安全委员会将设立专家认为负责人应由国家最高领导人担任有利于高层统一协调 为什么成立国家安全委？
☆设立国家安全委员会，完善国家安全体制和国家安全战略，确保国家安全
全会公告
中国共产党第十八届中央委员会第三次全体会议，于2013年11月9日至12日在北京举行。昨天发布的十八届三中全会公报指出，设立国家安全委员会，完善国家安全体制和国家安全战略，确保国家安全。
国家安全委员会是此次全会宣告成立的两大新部门之一，也是最大的亮点。新一代中央领导集体关于国家安全的战略思路逐步显现。公报将该内容放在“创新社会治理”的段落里，也意味着这是一个在“大安全”背景下诞生的机构。
本报采访数位专家就国家安全委员会成立的背景、其具备的特点以及成员构成进行解读。
背景“大安全”环境下诞生
国防大学教授公方彬接受《法制晚报》记者采访时表示，国家安全委员会是在现有体制基础上，安全领域出现新情况、新问题下应运而生的。
公方彬介绍，从狭义上讲，“安全”是指传统安全，也就是中国应对外部威胁、外敌入侵时的国防安全。与传统安全相对应的是“非传统安全”，非传统安全涉及经济安全、金融安全、生态环境安全、恐怖主义等。
相比，传统安全概念相对单纯，非传统安全的内涵则不断扩展。“这是一种大安全。”公方彬说。“在安全领域空间变化和拓展的情况下，国家安全委员会可以更好地统筹维护国家安全。”
清华大学国情研究院院长胡鞍钢在接受媒体采访时还提及中国发展所处的国际背景。中国作为世界第二大经济体和第一大美元储备国，成立国家安全委员会是在全球各地还存在各种不安全的情况下形成的有效调节机制，是非常重要的做法。
同时，这也是世界各大国通行的做法，美国、俄罗斯均有此机构，成立国家安全委员会也是适应中国大国地位的有效举措。目前，我们与美国已经建立起大国关系，从主席、总统一级已经开始进行磋商合作，这是国家公共产品。
负责人应由国家最高领导人担任
国家安全委员会由哪些部门或人员组成，组织构成是怎样的，委员会最高领导人由谁担任？这些细节问题尤为引人瞩目。
至于委员会的人员构成，几位专家都认为和“国家安全”这个概念的确相关。他们认为传统安全的概念远远不够，“国家安全”应该包括传统安全和非传统安全。
而这种观点也在公报内得以微妙体现，公报将该内容放在“创新社会治理”的段落里，纳入了健全公共安全体系内。该段落提及，“最大限度增加和谐因素，增强社会发展活力，提高社会治理水平，维护国家安全，确保人民安居乐业、社会安定有序。要改进社会治理方式，激发社会组织活力，创新有效预防和化解社会矛盾体制，健全公共安全体系。”
不言而喻，这里所谓的安全是广义的安全。在这种理解范畴内，安全“涉及到哪个部门，哪个部门就应该进来。”公方彬说。
考虑到国家安全委员会的职能，外交部、财政部、国防部都应该被吸纳，安全涉及到对外关系，财政支持、国家武装力量、战前动员等。李大光分析，安全、警察、情报、经贸部门也应该纳入。
按照其重要性，委员会的最高负责人应由国家最高领导人担任。李大光也同意这种观点。
特点统筹协调决策权威
国家安全委员会的成立也预示着新一代中央领导集体关于国家安全的战略思路逐步显现。
一位要求匿名的中国战略军事专家对《法制晚报》记者表示，“统筹”“协调”“高效”“快速”是刚刚成立的国家安全委员会的特点。“统筹”也是公方彬对国家安全委员会特点的描述，有利于统一领导。
2012年的11月十八大新闻发言人蔡名照表示，“总结30多年改革开放的经验，在今后的改革中，我们将更加注重顶层设计、更加注重系统配套……”
几位专家都认为这个新诞生的委员会是统筹协调机构。
公方彬进一步分析，国家安全委员会属于顶层设计的一部分，用来统筹规划一些问题。
另一位军事专家说，该委员会的成立有利于加强协调，权威决策，提高效率，快速解决问题。
一位专家向《法制晚报》记者介绍，早在数十年前相关部门就成立一个国家安全委员会筹备小组，这个小组规模比较大，有多个部门参与。
国防大学教授李大光接受《法制晚报》记者采访时也表示，高层考虑成立国家安全委员会由来已久，一直在酝酿和筹划。
以前负责安全的部门分散在各个领域，涉及军事、安全、经济等多个部门，这种状况不利于最高层掌握情况。
根据介绍，以往在有突发事件时，相关多个部门往往会成立一个临时性的协调小组，但这种临时性组织协调性、效率往往达不到最优。
国家安全委员会的成立有利于最高层统一国家意志、完成重大决策，也能使得各个部门步调一致，更有效力。
形式不是一个实体部门
在提及国家安全委员会的时候，接受法晚采访的专家无一例外地会提及美国国家安全委员会。
专家认为，中国的国家安全委员会有可能会借鉴美国的一些有益经验，但不会照抄照搬，而是形成有中国特色的模式。
1947年7月24日，杜鲁门总统签署《国家安全法》，授权成立国家安全委员会(简称NSC)。
NSC作为美国国家安全最高决策机构，自成立以来一直支配着美国的国家安全决策。
在美苏冷战、朝鲜战争、中东战争、“9·11”事件、伊拉克战争等重大事件中，到处都渗透着NSC的巨大影响。而基辛格对中国的出访，也被美国政界誉为NSC“积极运作”的典范。
NSC由总统任委员会主席，其成员有副总统、国务卿、国防部部长、财政部部长、紧急准备局局长、中央情报局局长、参谋长联席会议主席及总统国家安全事务助理。
发展至今天，NSC拥有200名工作人员，拥有自己的新闻、法律、通信和讲稿起草办公室。
对于中国的国家安全委员会，公方彬认为，这应该不是一个实体部门，是一个统筹规划部门。
而且公方彬强调，无论国家安全委员会的职能和定位如何，有两个基本点是不会变的，一个是坚持中国共产党的领导，一个是更好地维护国家安全稳定发展。
本版文/首席记者 郭媛丹 感谢材料提供 王培志 张裔
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