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The author:(作者)左published in(发表于) 2013/11/13 7:14:59 Experts talk about the National Security Committee： get rid of interest groups on foreign policy interference
The establishment of the National Security Committee
Summary Bulletin: establishment of the National Security Council, national security systems and national security strategy, and ensuring national security.
Interpretation
Responding to more complex external challenges
The name literally from the National Security Council, safety is at the core of this Committee. Chinese Academy of social sciences, United States international expert Zhang guoqing pointed out that established the National Security Council are the needs of the times, enormous security challenges faced by China in recent years, including from neighboring countries, such as Japan and other countries of the challenges, international terrorism and cyber security challenges. These challenges levelled against my country very important subjects, it is must to have such a co-ordination of forces, a whole host of systems to respond effectively to security threats from various fields, maximum protection of our national security and interests, so that better protection of China's economic development and social life.
In fact, the security involved in the National Security Council is a broader concept of security. Deputy Director of the Institute of international relations at Renmin University Jin Canrong, pointed out that China is now faced with external challenges more complex, said the challenge more difficult, but the complexity is greater than in the past, needs to be better coordinated. This challenge not only refers to the territorial security, including economic security. In China there is a redundancy, were introduced in their respective issues, will disrupt the fight. China bought 87% of iron ore in the world, is definitely a big buyer, but we ran the bidding over more than 100 units, resulting in us is a big buyer, but no pricing power.
Jin Canrong said that China's economy and external links for more, but was also more focused economic and security challenges, this is a very complex issue. Such as the car industry, China's automotive industry is all in place, idea is to market for technology, but the actual result was change out of the market, but technology didn't put them back. High-speed rail is a success story, we unified the bargaining, the other party is divided, the negotiations have been very successful results of high-speed rail. "To deal with more complex security situation requires more systematic coordination, not headache medicine head and feet hurt your feet. ”
In addition, Jin Canrong, pointed out that the international community expects China to play a more important role and responsibility are also created in China, but what's commitment is to have a choice, need to have the body to make a decision.
Breaking interests on foreign policy interference
More complex external environment internal environment have raised new challenges to foreign policy. Jin Canrong said that China's current domestic situation had become more complicated, and evaluation of all public policies facing the public, pressure is growing, foreign policy and domestic environment is increasingly complex. Interest groups have emerged to guide the country to divert resources to its favorable direction, but not necessarily in line with the Government and the country's long-term interests. In addition, each sector has its own interests, industry interest groups and sectors of interest highlighted, this also requires a more systematic thinking about senior.
Jin Canrong said that internationally, the National Security Council than nothing, practice tells us that external situation more complex, decisions from the sectoral interests to think about forming a stop treating the conflicting policies, the establishment of the National Security Council is necessary.
In line with the international trend
Jin Canrong said, the establishment of the National Security Committee members had the idea was already happening in our country, 1980, some people have written to the central report, scholars over the years have been discussing this idea, mainly to strengthen coordination, to co-ordinate foreign policy-making.
Some countries now have national Security Council. Jin Canrong said that internationally, strategic thinking better of the great powers is the United States, one of the major reasons is the United States with such a mechanism, National Security Council, chaired by the President, the Vice President is the Deputy Chairman. Many countries follow the United States and Russia Federal Security Committee was set up, Japan had just followed the establishment of the national security agency, Korea, and Israel, and France also have a safety Committee, which has become an international trend.
At present, the third plenary session for the establishment of the National Security Council formed what is still unknown, only with the United States National Security Council, for example, which is a body that brings together a wide range of talents. Jin Canrong said that the United States National Security Council members covered such areas as Foreign Affairs, defense, intelligence and trade personnel, even 50 geographers and 50 in political science, national defense is the core, include the fight against terrorism. Most countries Foreign Affairs are the institutions to make a decision.
Fully upgraded China's think tank
Established in July 1947, United States National Security Council's main responsibility is to harmonize the United States Interior, military and foreign policy, to make recommendations to the President. But is not a decision-making body, cannot formulate policy, is the close cooperation with the Secretary of State, to assist the President develop a long-term foreign policy think tanks, policy advice and building sectors. Views reached at the National Safety Council shall be adopted by the President, become policy.
Zhang guoqing believes that after the establishment of the National Security Council, comprehensive system of upgrading Chinese tanks and think tanks, and played an important role in a national security emergency response.
18 since the events of the anti-corruption
On December 4, 2012 on improving the style of work, consideration and adoption of the CPC, close ties with the masses of the eight provisions
May 27, 2013, card check and return the special activities carried out nationwide discipline inspection system
Central Directorate of the July 24, 2013: party and Government organs for 5 years was prohibited within halls and buildings
On August 21, 2013 the Commission: brakes-autumn winds of national public funds for sending mooncake gift
August 27, 2013, Member of the review through the work of establishing and perfecting the system of punishing and preventing corruption in 2013-2017 planning
On September 2, 2013 the Commission inspection Department website, opened an online reporting platform
October 31, 2013, the Central discipline Inspection Commission: non-public funds to buy goods such as sending printed greeting cards
On November 8, 2013 the Commission push honest online poll
According to the Supreme People's Procuratorate statistics, from January to August this year, prosecutors investigate cases of embezzlement and bribery at a total 22,617 30,938 people, came from the masses to report there were 7,080.
Sound punishment and prevention system against corruption
Bulletin Summary: right to insist on a system in charge to manage people, people power, for power to run in the Sun, is fundamental to the system of putting power in the cages-decisions. Building scientific decision-making, must perform strongly, supervise the running of powerful system, improve the system of punishing and preventing corruption and build a clean government, and strive to achieve impartiality and cadres, government corruption, politics. To form a scientific and effective coordination of power restriction and mechanisms, strengthen anti-corruption institutional innovation of mechanism and system protection, sound and improved style of normalized system.
Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Professor, school of public administration, integrity research and Education Center Director ren JianMing told the Beijing morning news reporters that yesterday, the third plenary session "anti-corruption" issue "Group expressed", this is the first time in the meeting.
Ren JianMing said that the plenary session Communique "anti-corruption" put forward ideas and discourse, "16", "17", "18", the Central discipline Inspection Commission plenary all covered. But combined with the system, it is the first time.
Ren JianMing, these "combination to express", intended to crack the authority problem. "Look at what is important and a matter of urgency, these are highly relevant to the system together, crack authority reflects the central problem resolution. ”
Ren JianMing said, the next step was to these measures into practice, truly effective, and not to stay on paper.
Central to set up comprehensive deepening reform leading group
Bulletin Summary: Central set up a comprehensive deepening reform leading group, responsible for the overall design, integrated and coordinated reform, promoting overall development, supervise the implementation.
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China (Hainan) reform and Development Research Institute Director Mr. Chi Fulin, said he and other scholars have been calling for over the years, the reform to establish a high-level coordinating body, because China's reform today, its depth, complexity and arduousness, depending on coordination of sectoral interests, the central places of interest, breaking all kinds of interests. Changes in stress when designing, driving is particularly important on the top floor. The Central leading group decided to set up a central aspect of deepening reform, which set up a higher level of organization than in the past, used to be at the Government level, the Party Central Committee, coordinating economic system in the past, this comprehensive coordination of deepening reform. Party committees at all levels must play a role in co-ordinating reforms.
Researcher at the national development and Reform Commission's urban development center, China Central television special commentator Yang Yu said last night that will touch the interests of reform, to be established in the interests of the impact point, conflicting interests point to iron out relations mechanisms. Reform is a central top-level design, unified and bold practice at the grassroots level of the masses. Reform exploration of the deployment, there are both top down bottom up, everyone is a part of the reform process.
Advance the country's modernization of governance capacity
Bulletin Summary: comprehensive reform of the overall objective is to improve and develop the Socialist system with Chinese characteristics, promote the modernization of national governance systems and governance capacity.
This argument was raised for the first time. CCTV's prime focus invited experts said tension on the show last night, the communiqué clearly articulated governance capacity and modernization of governance systems, in fact, is a very large article. This great article is how to better deal with the Government, the market, social and other aspects of the relationship.
Tension, deepen reforms as the theme of the plenary session, make decisions and new deployment, this is a very strategic decision making. Bulletin can be seen in the full meaning of deepening reform. From a comprehensive view will affect the General layout of Socialist five-in-one and the reform of the system of party building, even the Army Defense reforms are also included. "Previous plenary session decided only in one area, such as economic, agricultural, social and other fields to make a decision, completely different from the past. "Tension," says reform has changed for 35 years, now in a crucial period, the Sham Shui Po District. We need to build on existing reforms pushed forward, to overcome the obstacles to the entire institutional mechanisms for scientific development of the party and State hurdles. ”
Bank of China says Dr Cao Yuanzheng, Chief Economist, viewed from the Gazette, the biggest difference between plenary is to change "taking economic construction as the Center" the tone, the words "the national governance mechanisms and governance capacity" for the Center. In fact, the beginning of the century, economic system has basically been completed, that is, do not need further construction, just introduced a number of rules to perfect. So this plenary session the above does not stand out for economic planning, but to highlight the need to build other parts.
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Hana Zou Le Zhang Lu
设立国家安全委员会
公报摘要：设立国家安全委员会，完善国家安全体制和国家安全战略，确保国家安全。
■解读
应对更加复杂外部挑战
从国家安全委员会的名称字面上看，安全是这个委员会的核心。中国社科院美国所国际问题专家张国庆指出，成立国家安全委员会是时代的需要，中国近年来面临着很大的安全挑战，包括来自于周边国家，比如日本等国的挑战，国际恐怖主义和网络安全等方面的挑战。这些挑战对我国提出很重要的课题，那就是必须要有这样一个部门协调各方面力量，全方面系统地有效应对来自各个领域的安全威胁，最大限度保护我国的国家安全和利益，使中国更好地保护经济发展和社会生活。
事实上，国家安全委员会所涉及的安全是一个更为广义的安全概念。中国人民大学国际关系学院副院长金灿荣指出，中国现在面临的外部挑战越来越复杂，不是说挑战更困难，而是复杂性比以前更大了，需要更好地协调。这种挑战不仅仅指的是领土安全方面，还包括了经济安全等。当前我国存在着政出多门，各自出台的问题，就会打乱仗。比如说中国购买了世界上87%的铁矿石，绝对是大买家，可是我们100多家单位跑去竞价，结果造成了我们是大买家，却没有定价权。
金灿荣指出，我国经济和外部联系更多了，但是经济安全挑战也更突出了，这就是一个很复杂的问题。比如汽车业，我国汽车业的发展就是各方出台，思路是以市场换技术，但实际结果是市场换出去了，但技术没有换回来。高铁却是一个成功案例，我们统一了谈判权，对方却是分化的，结果高铁的谈判就非常成功。“应对更复杂的安全形势，需要更系统的协调，不能头疼医头脚疼医脚。”
另外，金灿荣指出，国际社会期待我国发挥更大的作用，中国责任论也出现了，但是哪些责任承担是要有取舍的，需要有这样的机构来作出决定。
破除利益集团对外交决策干扰
外部环境更复杂，内部环境也对外交决策提出了新挑战。金灿荣指出，目前我国的国内形势比以前复杂了，所有的公共政策面临着社会舆论的评判，压力越来越大，外交决策的国内环境越来越复杂。利益集团已经出现了，引导着国家资源投向它的有利方向，但不一定符合政府和国家的长远利益。另外，各个部门也有自己的利益，产业利益集团和部门利益凸显，这也需要高层有更系统的思考。
金灿荣说，国际上看，有国家安全委员会比没有好，外交实践告诉我们，对外形势越来越复杂，决策如果从部门利益去思考就形成了头痛医头脚痛医脚，政策相互冲突，成立国家安全委员会十分必要。
顺应国际潮流
金灿荣说，成立国家安全委会员的这个想法在我国早就出现过，1980年就有人曾给中央写过报告，学者多年来也一直在讨论这个想法，主要是加强协调，要统筹对外决策。
目前一些国家已有国家安全委员会。金灿荣指出，国际上，大国战略思维比较好的是美国，重要原因之一就是美国设有国家安全委员会这样的机制，总统担任主席，副总统是副主席。很多国家都在效仿美国，俄罗斯成立了联邦安全委员会，日本刚刚效仿成立了国家安全保障局，韩国、以色列、法国也都有安全委员会，这已经成为了国际潮流。
目前，三中全会提出的设立国家安全委员会究竟怎样组建还不得而知，仅以美国的国家安全委员会为例，这是一个汇集了多方面人才的机构。金灿荣说，美国的国家安全委员会成员涵盖了外交、国防、情报、贸易等方面人才，甚至还包括了50个地理学家和50个政治学家，国防是核心，打击恐怖主义包括在内。大部分国家涉外事务都是这个机构做出决定。
全面升级中国思想库
1947年7月成立的美国国家安全委员会的主要职责是统一有关美国国家内政、军事和外交政策，向总统提出建议。但不是决策机构，不能制定政策，是与国务卿密切合作协助总统制定长期对外政策的思想库，属于政策咨询和建言部门。在国家安全委员会会上达成的意见，须经总统采纳，才成为政策。
张国庆认为，国家安全委员会成立后，肯定会全面升级中国思想库和智囊团体系，并在国家安全应急反应中扮演重要角色。
十八大以来反腐大事记
●2012年12月4日 中共中央政治局审议通过《关于改进工作作风、密切联系群众的八项规定》
●2013年5月27日 全国纪检监察系统开展会员卡清退专项活动
●2013年7月24日 中央办公厅：党政机关5年内禁建楼堂馆所
●2013年8月21日 中纪委：刹住中秋国庆公款送月饼送礼之风
●2013年8月27日 中共中央政治局审议通过《建立健全惩治和预防腐败体系2013-2017年工作规划》
●2013年9月2日 中纪委监察部网站上线，开通网上举报平台
●2013年10月31日 中纪委：严禁公款购买印制寄送贺年卡等物品
●2013年11月8日 中纪委推网上廉政民意调查
据最高人民检察院统计，今年1月至8月，检察机关共立案侦查贪污贿赂犯罪案件22617件30938人，来源于群众举报的有7080件。
健全惩治和预防腐败体系
公报摘要：坚持用制度管权管事管人，让人民监督权力，让权力在阳光下运行，是把权力关进制度笼子的根本之策。必须构建决策科学、执行坚决、监督有力的运行体系，健全惩治和预防腐败体系，建设廉洁政治，努力实现干部清正、政府清廉、政治清明。要形成科学有效的权力制约和协调机制，加强反腐败体制机制创新和制度保障，健全改进作风常态化制度。
北京航空航天大学公共管理学院教授、廉洁研究与教育中心主任任建明昨天向北京晨报记者表示，三中全会就“反腐”问题进行了“组合表达”，这在各类会议中尚属首次。
任建明说，三中全会公报就“反腐”提出的观点和论述，在“十六大”、“十七大”、“十八大”、中纪委全会上都有所涉及。但是把这些制度组合起来一起表述，这还是第一次。
在任建明看来，这些内容“组合表达”，意在破解权力监督难题。“单看哪一点都是重要而迫切的，这些高度相关的制度表达在一起，体现了中央破解权力监督难题的决心。”
任建明说，下一步，就是要将这些制度措施落实到实处，真正发挥作用，而不是停留在纸面上。
中央成立全面深化改革领导小组
公报摘要：中央成立全面深化改革领导小组，负责改革总体设计、统筹协调、整体推进、督促落实。
中国(海南)改革发展研究院院长迟福林表示，他和其他学者这些年一直在呼吁，要建立高层次的改革协调机构，因为中国改革到了今天，其深刻性、复杂性、艰巨性都在于要协调部门利益、中央地方利益，打破各种利益关系。改革在强调顶层设计的时候，顶层推动尤为重要。这次中央决定成立中央层面的深化改革领导小组，这就建立了比以往更高层次的机构，以往是在政府层面，这次在党中央，以往协调经济体制，这次全面深化改革的协调。各级党委也要在统筹改革方面发挥作用。
国家发改委城镇发展中心研究员、中央电视台特约评论员杨禹昨晚表示，改革会触动利益，要建立能在利益的碰撞点、矛盾点去协调解决利益关系的机制。改革既是中央顶层设计、统一部署出来的，也是地方群众基层大胆实践出来的。改革既有自上而下的部署、也有自下而上的探索，每一个人都是改革进程中的一份子。
推进国家治理能力现代化
公报摘要：全面深化改革的总目标是完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。
这个说法是第一次提出。央视《焦点访谈》特邀专家张力昨晚在节目中表示，这次公报能明确提出国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，实际上是出了非常大的一篇文章。这篇大的文章就是怎么样更好处理好政府、市场、社会等方方面面的关系。
张力表示，全面深化改革作为三中全会的主题，做出决定和新的部署，这是非常具有战略意义的决策。公报中可以看出全面深化改革的意义。从全面来看，会涉及社会主义五位一体的总体布局和党的建设制度的改革，甚至军队国防的改革也包含其中。“以往的全会决定只是在某一方面，比如经济、三农、社会等领域做出决定，这次与以往完全不一样。” 张力说，“改革已经改了35年，现在处于攻坚期、深水区。我们要在现有的改革的基础上推进一步，要克服阻碍整个党和国家事业科学发展的体制机制障碍。”
中国银行首席经济学家曹远征表示，从公报上看，这次三中全会最大的不同，就是改变了此前“以经济建设为中心”的基调，改为“以国家治理机制、治理能力”为中心。实际上，本世纪初，经济制度基本已经建成，也就是说，不需要再加以建设，只需要出台一些细则进行完善。所以本次三中全会上面，并未将经济建设突出出来，而是突出其他需要建设的部分。
本版撰文 晨报记者
韩娜 邹乐 张璐
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