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The author:(作者)左published in(发表于) 2013/11/13 7:15:14 Experts talk about the National Security Committee： owners should be the country’s top leaders
National security
Innovating social governance, must focus on maintaining the fundamental interests of the people, the maximum increase harmonious factors, enhance social development, improve the level of social governance, the interests of national security, and ensure that the people live and work, social stability and order. How to improve social governance, stimulate energy, innovative and effective system of preventing and resolving social conflicts, and improve public safety system. Establishment of the National Security Council, national security systems and national security strategy, and ensuring national security.
Interpretation
The national security coordination and raising of
How to set up a National Security Council?
China institutes of contemporary international relations, counter-terrorism research center director Li Wei said in an interview with Beijing Youth daily reporter, set up a National Security Council, is increasing in response to possible future major incidents a matter of national security interests. For improving national security system is concerned, this is a drastic step.
In recent years, the academics there are many voices that China's complex international environment, should be the formation of the National Security Committee.
Li Wei believes that decided to establish a National Security Council, in addition to changes in the international situation, more important is to focus on the future and potential uncertainty, can be said to be "better safe than sorry" considerations. As a major incident involving national security and crisis response and management's highest decision-making body, in line with the demands of a modern country.
The National Security Council will play a role?
Li Wei believes that national Security Council for national security and national interest first to work out a long-term strategy, which is the top level planning. Meanwhile, given the current international context of traditional and non-traditional security issues, and to respond to emergencies both play a strategic role. National Security Council, will play a decisive role for the long-term stability of China in the near future.
Generally refers to the traditional security issues relating to military conflicts between States, involving national security issues of territorial sovereignty. Non-traditional security issues are on except for the military, political and diplomatic factors that pose a threat to national sovereignty, which will typically include financial security, environmental security, economic security, such as terrorism, piracy.
Advantages of integrated strategy at the national level safety?
Observers believe that, at the national level to major strategic planning involving national security, Foreign Affairs, may better play a co-ordinating role.
Wei believed that established the National Security Council, increase national security coordination level, better coordination of existing departments, preventing waste of resources.
For example, an unexpected event led to disruption of sea lanes, in this case, just on the transport or energy sectors may not be able to respond to and need for coordination as a whole. In addition, sometimes the contingency plans submitted by a single sector may be limited to sectoral interests could not be better, more comprehensive solution to the crisis and therefore must be conducted on a higher level.
Terrorism, for example. In August, national counter-terrorism coordination group is upgraded to the anti-terrorism task force to better coordinate the various functional departments, mobilizing national resources to targeted strengthening counter-terrorism efforts in the major area. But the inadequacy of mechanisms to address the root causes of terrorism and the soil, and the National Security Council to develop a comprehensive response to terrorism at the higher levels strategies, programmes and measures to implement, will make more effective deterrent to terrorism.
Yue Gang of military experts also said in Twitter, the National Security Council to solve the problem of security decisions are so weak in the past, for example, on the external security policy, foreign-led Foreign Affairs leadership team is responsible for, in the face of comprehensive security threats, it is difficult to hold the defence, economic, and public security forces into one fist, hit a punch.
How National Security Council structured?
Li Wei, as the highest decision-making bodies of national security, should be the leader of the nation, the head of the Commission. Committees may include Foreign Affairs, public security, the military, transportation, health, home, and other members of the Department. In order to facilitate daily work, may be set up under the Office of the National Security Committee.
Different from other national Security Council?
Li Wei said, the United States, Russia and many other countries have national security Committee or similar body. From the modern international security, security for all of the Commission's basic functions are the same. But according to their position and role in international relations, dealing with some issues there may be different, but there is no fundamental difference.
International expert Zhang guoqing of the Chinese Academy of social sciences said in Twitter, it's time to set up the National Security Council, with international practice, is significant.
Text/reporter is Miss Queenie Lau
Background
China's central leading group on national security
In 1981, decided to resume the Central Foreign Affairs leading group, CPC, Central Foreign Affairs leading group shall set up offices for "Foreign Affairs Office of the State Council". In September 2000, the CPC Central Committee decided to form a "Central leading group of the national security", and "the Central Foreign Affairs leading group" offices, two brands, a set of institutions.
Central leading group for national security (the Central Foreign Affairs leading group), in charge of Foreign Affairs, Member of the Standing Committee, is in charge of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the concerned members and have a close working relationship with Foreign Affairs, national security agency composed of Ministers, which is responsible for Foreign Affairs, national security, major problems in the area of decision-making.
Apart from the President, the Vice Presidents and deputy leader and members including Vice Premier of the State Council or the State Councilor for Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of defence, the Ministry of public security, Ministry of State security, Ministry of Commerce, Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office, the head of the overseas Chinese Affairs Office and the information Office, and the Central propaganda Department, the head of the Minister and senior officers of the General staff, and so on.
Link
National Security Council
United States National Security Council is the United States President's staff is one of the, was established in July 1947, by the Chairman of the President, whose members include the Vice President and Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense, Minister of finance, the Secretary for emergency preparedness, the Director of Central Intelligence, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of staff, and the President's national security adviser. Its main role is to harmonize the United States Interior, defense and foreign policy, and make recommendations to the President, but is not a decision-making body.
Subsidiary organs of the Security Committee is the President of the Russian Federation in 1992, according to Russia established constitutional law, security law and presidential decree, whose function is to review important State and social security building, develop an integrated national security policy.
Japan cabinet meeting decided on June 7 this year, in favour of the establishment of the National Security Council, in order to enhance the Prime Minister's Office leadership on diplomatic and security challenges. Pursuant to the proposal, Japan Prime Minister, the Chief Cabinet Secretary, Foreign Minister and Defense Minister will meet regularly to discuss common foreign and security policy. If you have an emergency, relevant sectoral ministers will also join the meeting.
Army
Construction
To address constraints the outstanding contradictions and problems of development of national defense and army building, innovative development of military doctrine, military strategic guidance, improve military strategy in the new period, building a modern military force system with Chinese characteristics. To deepen military adjustment of personnel system reform, promoting the reform of military policy regime, promote the development of military and civilian integration depth.
Read
Civil-military integration requires countries push long-term strategic planning
Military experts Yue Gang said in a Twitter community mentioned in the Communique "the outstanding contradictions and problems of national defense and army building", refers to the level of military modernization and not adapted to win informationized local wars under request, military capabilities and the new century and new stage historical mission of our army, they aren't involved.
According to the modernization of national defense and army building "three-step" strategic thinking, and strive to achieve mechanization by 2020, information technology made significant progress. Earlier, XI Jinping has stressed on many occasions the importance of strengthening national defense modernization.
On November 5, just before the convening of the third plenary session, XI Jinping visits University of science and technology for national defense, stressed, we should vigorously promote scientific and technological progress and innovation, efforts in the area of forward-looking, strategic place.
In March this year, XI Jinping to attend the 12 plenary session of the national people's Congress meeting of the PLA delegation also stressed that the further development of military and civilian integration the big article, adhere to the demand, State-led and strive to create a depth of infrastructure and important area of civil-military integration patterns of development.
At the National Defense University professor said Maj Gen Jiang in an interview with the media once said that strategic planning is a system design, and overall layout. Military and civilian integration development strategy planning is essential. Military and civilian integration development as a long-term systematic project involving two major systems and multi-stakeholder relations, requiring the State to push through long-term strategic planning. Text/reporter Liu Yi
(Original title: China will set up a National Security Council)
国家安全
创新社会治理，必须着眼于维护最广大人民根本利益，最大限度增加和谐因素，增强社会发展活力，提高社会治理水平，维护国家安全，确保人民安居乐业、社会安定有序。要改进社会治理方式，激发社会组织活力，创新有效预防和化解社会矛盾体制，健全公共安全体系。设立国家安全委员会，完善国家安全体制和国家安全战略，确保国家安全。
解读
国家安全协调层级提高
为何要设立国家安全委员会？
中国现代国际关系研究院反恐怖研究中心主任李伟在接受北京青年报记者采访时说，成立国家安全委员会，是为了应对今后可能不断增多的事关国家安全利益的重大突发事件。对于完善国家安全体制而言，这是一个重大举措。
近年来，学界有不少声音认为中国面临的国际环境错综复杂，应该组建国家安全委员会。
李伟认为，决定成立国家安全委员会，除了和国际形势的变化有关，更重要的是着眼于今后可能的和潜在的不确定事件，可以说是出于“防患于未然”的考虑。作为一个对涉及国家安全的重大突发事件和危机进行应对与管理的最高决策机构，这符合现代化国家的需求。
国家安全委员会将扮演什么角色？
李伟认为，国家安全委员会首先要为国家安全与国家利益制定长远的战略，也就是进行顶层规划。与此同时，面对当前国际环境下的传统安全和非传统安全问题，要为应对这两方面的突发事件发挥决策性作用。国家安全委员会将为中国今后的长治久安发挥决定性作用。
传统安全问题一般指与国家间军事行为有关的冲突，涉及国家领土主权安全等问题。非传统安全问题是指除军事、政治和外交冲突以外的对主权国家构成威胁的因素，一般包括经济安全、金融安全、生态环境安全、恐怖主义、海盗等。
国家层面统筹战略安全有何优势？
有观察人士认为，在国家层面对涉及国家安全、外交的重大战略进行规划，可更好地发挥统筹作用。
李伟认为，成立国家安全委员会提高了国家安全协调层级，可以更好地协调现有的各部门，防止资源浪费。
例如发生了突发事件导致海上通道的中断，在这种情况下，仅仅依靠交通运输部门或能源部门可能无法应对，需要从整体上进行协调。另外，有时候一个单一部门提出的应急方案可能局限于部门利益，无法更好、更全面地解决危机，因此必须从更高层面上进行应对。
再以反恐为例。今年8月，国家反恐协调小组升级为国家反恐怖工作领导小组，以便更好协调各个职能部门，调动国家级资源对重点地区反恐工作进行有针对性的加强。但是这一机构不足以应对恐怖主义产生的根源和土壤，而国家安全委员会可以在更高层级上制定全面应对恐怖主义的战略、方案以及实施的措施，会对恐怖主义进行更有效的遏制。
军事专家岳刚也在微博中表示，国家安全委员会要解决以往安全决策上势单力薄的问题，比如，在外部安全决策上，以外交口主导的外事领导小组负责，面对综合性的安全威胁，难以将国防、经济、公安等力量握成一个拳头，打出组合拳。
国家安全委员会如何构成？
李伟表示，作为国家安全最高决策应对机构，该委员会的负责人应该是国家最高领导人。委员会可能会包括外交、公安、军队、交通、卫生、民政等部门的成员。为了方便日常工作的开展，国家安全委员会可能会下设办公室。
与其他国家的安全委员会有何不同？
李伟说，美、俄等很多国家都设有国家安全委员会或者类似机构。从现代化国家国际安全机制来说，各国安全委员会的基本功能都是一样的。不过根据本国定位和在国际关系中扮演的角色，在处理一些问题上可能会有一些不同，但不会有根本区别。
中国社会科学院国际问题专家张国庆在微博中称，中国设立国家安全委员会正当其时，与国际接轨，意义重大。
文/本报记者 刘一
背景
我国设有中央国家安全领导小组
1981年，中共中央决定恢复中央外事工作领导小组，中央外事工作领导小组下设办事机构为“国务院外事办公室”。2000年9月，中共中央决定组建“中央国家安全领导小组”，与“中央外事工作领导小组”合署办公，两块牌子，一套机构。
中央国家安全领导小组(中央外事工作领导小组)，由主管外事工作的中央政治局常委、分管有关外事工作的中央政治局委员和与外事、国家安全工作有密切工作联系的相关机构部长组成，负责对外事、国家安全工作领域的重大问题作出决策。
除国家主席、国家副主席担任正、副组长外，成员一般包括负责涉外事务的国务院副总理或国务委员，外交部、国防部、公安部、国家安全部、商务部、港澳办、侨办、新闻办的负责人，以及中宣部、中联部的部长，总参谋部的高级将领等。
链接
各国国家安全委员会
美国国家安全委员会是美国总统幕僚机构之一，成立于1947年7月，由总统任委员会主席，其成员有副总统、国务卿、国防部部长、财政部部长、紧急准备局局长、中央情报局局长、参谋长联席会议主席及总统国家安全事务助理。其主要职责是统一有关美国国家内政、军事和外交政策，向总统提出建议，但不是决策机构。
俄罗斯联邦安全委员会是总统下属机构，1992年根据俄罗斯宪法、安全法和总统命令建立，其职能是审议重要的国家和社会安全建设，制定统一的国家安全政策。
日本内阁会议今年6月7日决定，赞成设立国家安全委员会，以求提升首相办公室在应对外交和安全挑战方面的领导力。依据提案，日本首相、内阁官房长官、外务大臣和防务大臣将定期会面，商讨外交和安全政策。如果有紧急事件发生，相关部门大臣同样会加入会议。
军队
建设
着力解决制约国防和军队建设发展的突出矛盾和问题，创新发展军事理论，加强军事战略指导，完善新时期军事战略方针，构建中国特色现代军事力量体系。要深化军队体制编制调整改革，推进军队政策制度调整改革，推动军民融合深度发展。
军民融合需要国家长期战略规划推进
军事专家岳刚在微博中称，全会公报中提到的“国防和军队建设的突出矛盾和问题”，是指军队现代化水平与打赢信息化条件下局部战争的要求不相适应、军事能力与履行新世纪新阶段我军历史使命的要求不相适应。
根据国防和军队现代化建设“三步走”战略构想，力争到2020年基本实现机械化，信息化建设取得重大进展。此前，习近平曾多次强调加强国防科技现代化的重要性。
11月5日，十八届三中全会召开前夕，习近平在视察国防科学技术大学时强调，要大力推进科技进步和创新，努力在前瞻性、战略性领域占有一席之地。
今年3月习近平在出席十二届全国人大一次会议解放军代表团全体会议时也曾强调，要进一步做好军民融合式发展这篇大文章，坚持需求牵引、国家主导，努力形成基础设施和重要领域军民深度融合的发展格局。
国防大学教授姜鲁鸣此前在接受媒体采访时曾经表示，战略规划是系统设计，也是整体布局。军民融合式发展战略规划至关重要。军民融合式发展作为一项长期的系统工程，涉及军地两大系统和多方利益关系，需要国家通过长期战略规划来强力推进。文/本报记者 刘一
(原标题：中国将设立国家安全委员会)
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