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The author:(作者)左published in(发表于) 2013/11/13 7:15:51 Experts： specific measures of income distribution reform in plenary is expected to come back
In the market in the allocation of resources comes into play
Bulletin Summary: closely around the market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources to deepen economic reform.
Interpretation
Focus interviews under guest expert tension last night in program in the said, this mention of is "decided role", zhiqian of claims is "based sexual role", a word of changes meant with future may better to processing good throughout market economy constantly perfect of process in the Government and market Zhijian of relationship, to makes market can played role, while also to better to played Government role, both cannot health service delivery insufficiency of. Believe it will unleash a greater degree of development.
Financial expert Zhao Qingming, future balance between the market and the Government's economic approach may be to adjust. National development and Reform Commission Yi Peng, a researcher at the development research center of reform in cities and small towns believe that emphasis on market power means the Government reduced, first played a decisive role in the market, used to call base. Decentralization would advance further.
Central University of finance and Director of the Chinese banking Research Center said Guo Tianyong, played a decisive role in the allocation of resources in the market, means that the Government must change mode of economic management, economic growth factors including technology, labour, including capital, currency. Interest rate liberalization is an important manifestation of the finance market, to better financial resources allocation in the area.
Establishment of a modern financial system
Carrying a think, this basic defining future changes of the Central and local financial power and authority direction, central power, local authority, despite the transfers, but still invokes the largescale matching problems, future direction matches the reform. What is collected in the central authority is devolved power, can't see it in the present bulletin. The connotation of establishing a modern financial system, still needs to improve the content specifically.
Improve the protection of property rights system
Bulletin Summary: to improve the protection of property rights system, and actively developing mixed ownership economy.
Director of the economic forecasting Department of the State information center of macroeconomic Research Office carrying a think, which is promoting the strategy of independent innovation in China's important decisions, particularly with regard to protection of intellectual property rights, to stimulate the ability of independent innovation of private enterprises, it is necessary to make their intellectual property rights are protected, otherwise you will lose independent innovation impetus.
Deepen the comprehensive reform of education
Bulletin Summary: it is necessary to speed up the reform of social programs, to solve the people are most concerned about the interests of most direct and realistic issues. To deepen comprehensive reforms in the area of education, improve institutional mechanisms for the promotion of employment, form a reasonable and orderly pattern of income distribution, build a more fair and sustainable social security system, deepening health system reform.
CCTV's prime focus invited experts said tension on the show last night, reference to the wording used in the bulletin, and inherited, as well as innovation. Judging from the overall planning as a whole, each layer on the reform of deployment designs were very clear, have a strong sense of orientation. Such as in the areas of education and health, "comprehensive reform" that is the spirit of General Secretary said to the acquisition of systematic, holistic and synergetic. Hope that reform of the entire system and specific operating procedures can be combined with each other. Not only does it straighten out all aspects of the relationship between Government and society, and can make people better access to, join, contribute to the reforms.
Historical review of the development of Chinese market economy
1978 State Council held retreats, study the question of speeding up the four modernizations of China, including the reform of Economics and management. The reference to the Socialist economic system is "combines planned economy and market economy."
1982 Convention proposed a "planned economy, market forces, supplemented by" principle.
1987 the Conference summed up the new system plan a planned commodity economy and market internal unity to the new system, clearly means to use planning regulation and market regulation two, towards the establishment of "State regulation of market, market guide company" mechanism.
In 1992 when Deng Xiaoping's southern tour more clearly pointed out that the planned economy is not equivalent to socialism and capitalism has plans ranging from market capitalism, socialism has markets. Planning and market are economic instruments. Plan is a little more than the market a little more, not the essential difference between socialism and capitalism. Thus in theory break the bondage of the market economy over the years, created a theoretical basis for establishing a socialist market economic system.
1992 report made clear that the goal of China's economic reform is to establish a socialist market economy, in order to facilitate further emancipate and develop the productive forces.
1993 session of a meeting of the national people's Congress, article 15th of the Constitution were amended to "State practices socialist market economy". Socialist market economy for the first time written into China's Constitution.
1993 third plenary session adopted the decision of the CPC Central Committee on some problems of establishing a socialist market economic system. Plenary noted that the Socialist market economic system was in conjunction with the basic system of socialism. Establishment of a socialist market economic system, is to make the market play an essential role in the allocation of resources under the State macro-control.
October 2003 attended by the third plenary session of the CPC Central Committee decision on the several problems of perfecting socialist market economy system. Make better plays basic role of the market in resource allocation.
Reform of income distribution system
Bulletin Summary: focus on better safeguarding and improving people's livelihood and promote social fairness and justice, reform of the social system, reforming the income distribution system, promoting common prosperity, advance social innovation in the field, advancing the Equalization of basic public services, and speed up the formation of a scientific and effective community governance systems, ensuring the community is vibrant and harmonious and orderly.
China's income gap is widening rapidly between different populations. This year February, State introduced on deepening income distribution system reform several views under, in community raised has widely warm of discussion, expert were formed consensus, China income distribution reform of basic ideas should is "mention low, and spread in the, and controlled high", that through reform adjustment existing income distribution pattern, will "Sha leak shaped" of social poles to middle squeeze, expanded as consumption main force of medium income groups accounted for than, eventually formed "olive shaped" of income distribution pattern.
Associate research fellow, Institute of management of Beijing Academy of social yanshengwen to Beijing morning post reporters last night, around specific measures in terms of income distribution reform is expected to be unveiled after the third plenary session. In his view, the reform of the income distribution is slightly more complicated to be "charged high", including overall income levels, executives of State-owned monopoly industries, such as excessively high incomes. Excessively high income of these people is society reflected most strongly, while income distribution system reform of the biggest obstacle comes from that segment of the population.
Worst hit was "low". Major institutions to support economic development, enterprise is the social and economic functioning of cells. Whether higher wages, is to increase the incomes of low-wage crowd, the companies affected are small, and in particular SMEs.
Most effective is "expanding". Yanshengwen said that the population size of largest and highest quality, universal has a certain level of expertise and Education Foundation, is a benchmark of society and become a socially fairer understanding of effect is the easiest to implement the reform, most likely to appear the crowd. Medium income earners to farmer income distribution reform, which allows low-income people see hope, can also reduce resistance allow high-income people to eliminate concerns, play the role of bridges.
On how to complete the reform of the income distribution, yanshengwen believes that should go through the Equalization of basic public services, non-essential public services to market forces, public social services evaluation of three ways at the same time. He said that before the Equalization of basic public services there are still gaps, residence, education, employment and so on are still at a low level, there is no real equal access. Instead of basic public services to market forces to deal with the country's limited resources and the gap between resources and demand, offers a fairly comprehensive, relatively rich in variety of public services, and meet the needs of different levels, which can pay in a way that the market involved.
Yanshengwen believes that if the bulletin referred to in the "deal with the relationship between the Government and the market" to tackle the problem of income distribution reform a key, can be understood as relying on the provision of public services to ease the huge gap in income distribution. Agencies of the Government as a public service, without discrimination to all public services, and deal with the problem of the shortage of public products. But power is not strong enough, so that the Government can provide all the high standards of service and unrealistic. Deal with the relationship between the Government and the market, is for the Government to bear the Equalization of basic public services, and senior groups in public service requirements by the market to meet.
At the same time, public service evaluation community to share the burden. Yanshengwen said the public service provided by the oversight mechanism is now little or not perfect, is provided with the service, whether the service is valid, whether the people are satisfied all social assessment should be conducted. Evaluation mechanisms can be used by Governments, scholars, mass, and many other compositions, specific weight ratio can be adjusted according to the actual situation.
This page morning news reporter
Beilin Chaudun Sun Chunxiang Jiang Fan
Other highlights
Prosecutorial power to ensure independent and impartial judicial power should be exercised according to law – to uphold the constitutional authority of the law, deepening reform of administrative law enforcement, prosecutorial power to ensure independent and impartial judicial power should be exercised according to law, sound judicial power operating mechanism, improve the system of judicial protection of human rights.
Giving people more rights of property--establishment of the integrated urban and rural construction land market. To speed up the construction of new agricultural management system, giving people more property rights, advancing the following key elements: equal exchange and balanced allocation of public resources, and improve institutional mechanisms for the healthy development of urbanization.
Innovate the system of resolving social contradictions--to stimulate social energy, innovative and effective system of preventing and resolving social conflicts, and improve public safety system.
Delineation of ecological protection in the red line – to improve the property rights system of natural resources assets and use control systems, delineation of ecological protection of the red line, introduction of the resources paid use system and ecological compensation system, reform of the management system of eco-environmental protection.
Deepen the adjustment of personnel system reform in the army--to deepen military adjustment of personnel system reform, promoting the reform of military policy regime, promote the development of military and civilian integration depth.
市场在资源配置中起决定作用
公报摘要：要紧紧围绕使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用深化经济体制改革。
■解读
《焦点访谈》特邀专家张力昨晚在节目中表示，这次提的是“决定作用”，之前的说法是“基础性作用”，一个词的变化意味着将来可能更好地处理好整个市场经济体制不断完善的进程中政府和市场之间的关系，要使市场能够发挥作用，同时也要更好地发挥政府作用，两者不能偏废。相信这一定能释放出更大的发展活力。
金融问题专家赵庆明表示，今后市场与政府之间平衡经济的方式可能会做出调整。国家发改委城市和小城镇改革发展研究中心研究员易鹏认为，强调市场意味政府权力减少，首次提出市场起决定性作用，以前叫基础作用。也意味简政放权会进一步推进。
中央财经大学中国银行业研究中心主任郭田勇表示，市场在资源配置中起决定性作用，意味着政府对经济的管理模式需要转变，推动经济增长的要素包括技术、劳动力，也包括资本、货币。利率市场化是金融领域市场化的重要体现，能够更好地将金融领域资源合理配置。
建立现代财政制度
牛犁认为，这个表述基本明确了今后中央和地方调整财权和事权的大方向，目前中央财权大，而地方事权多，尽管存在转移支付，但依然存在财权事权不匹配的问题，今后要朝着相匹配的方向改革。至于到底是中央上收事权还是下放财权，目前从公报中还不能看出来。建立现代财政制度的内涵，也还需要决议具体内容进行完善。
完善产权保护制度
公报摘要：要完善产权保护制度，积极发展混合所有制经济。
国家信息中心经济预测部宏观经济研究室主任牛犁认为，这是推动我国自主创新战略的重要决定，尤其是涉及知识产权保护方面，要激发出民营企业的自主创新能力，必须要使其知识产权得到保护，否则就会失去自主创新的动力。
深化教育领域综合改革
公报摘要：必须加快社会事业改革，解决好人民最关心最直接最现实的利益问题。要深化教育领域综合改革，健全促进就业创业体制机制，形成合理有序的收入分配格局，建立更加公平可持续的社会保障制度，深化医药卫生体制改革。
央视《焦点访谈》特邀专家张力昨晚在节目中表示，公报中的用词和提法有继承，也有创新。从整个谋篇布局来看，每一层关于改革的部署设计都非常明确，有强烈的导向。比如在教育和医疗方面用了“综合改革”，就是要向习总书记所说的增强改革的系统性、整体性和协同性。希望整个体制的改革和具体操作程序的改革能相互结合。它不仅能理顺政府和社会之间各方面关系，而且能让老百姓更好地参与，加入其中，一起为改革贡献力量。
中国市场经济发展历史回顾
●1978年 国务院召开务虚会，研究加快中国四个现代化的问题，包括经济管理体制改革问题。当时对社会主义经济体制的提法是“计划经济和市场经济相结合”。
●1982年 十二大会议提出了“计划经济为主，市场调节为辅”的原则。
●1987年 十三大会议把有计划的商品经济新体制概括为计划与市场内在统一的新体制，明确提出要运用计划调节和市场调节两种手段，逐步建立“国家调节市场，市场引导企业”的机制。
●1992年 邓小平南巡时更加明确地指出，计划经济不等于社会主义，资本主义也有计划；市场经济不等于资本主义，社会主义也有市场。计划和市场都是经济手段。计划多一点还是市场多一点，不是社会主义与资本主义的本质区别。从而从理论上冲破多年来市场经济的束缚，为中国建立社会主义市场经济体制创造了理论基础。
●1992年 十四大报告明确指出，中国经济体制改革的目标是建立社会主义市场经济体制，以利于进一步解放和发展生产力。
●1993年 八届全国人大一次会议将《宪法》第十五条修改为“国家实行社会主义市场经济”。社会主义市场经济第一次写进中国的《宪法》。
●1993年 十四届三中全会通过了《中共中央关于建立社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定》。全会指出，社会主义市场经济体制是同社会主义基本制度结合在一起的。建立社会主义市场经济体制，就是要使市场在国家宏观调控下对资源配置起基础性作用。
●2003年10月 十六届三中全会审议通过了《中共中央关于完善社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定》 。提出更大程度地发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用。
改革收入分配制度
公报摘要：紧紧围绕更好保障和改善民生、促进社会公平正义、深化社会体制改革，改革收入分配制度，促进共同富裕，推进社会领域制度创新，推进基本公共服务均等化，加快形成科学有效的社会治理体制，确保社会既充满活力又和谐有序。
中国不同人群之间收入分配差距正在急剧拉大。今年二月，国务院出台《关于深化收入分配制度改革若干意见》，在社会上引发了广泛热烈的讨论，专家们形成共识，中国收入分配改革的基本思路应该是“提低、扩中、控高”，即通过改革调整现有收入分配格局，将“沙漏形”的社会两极向中间挤压，扩大作为消费主力军的中等收入群体占比，最终形成“橄榄形”的收入分配格局。
北京市社会科学院管理研究所副研究员鄢圣文昨晚对北京晨报记者表示，各地在收入分配改革方面的具体措施预计会在三中全会后相继出台。他认为，收入分配体制改革难度比较大的是“控高”，主要包括国企垄断行业整体收入水平、高管人员的畸高收入等。这些人的过高收入是社会反映最为强烈的，而收入分配制度改革的最大阻力来自于这部分人。
冲击最大的是“提低”。经济发展主要靠机构来支撑，企业就是社会经济运转的一个个细胞。不管是提高工资，还是增加低工资水平人群的收入，对企业影响都不小，尤其是中小企业。
最有效的是“扩中”。鄢圣文分析说，这一人群基数最大、素质最高，普遍具有一定的专业知识水平和教育基础，是社会的标杆和主力，对社会有比较公正的认识，是改革最容易实施、最容易显现效果的人群。收入分配改革从中等收入人群破题，既可以让低收入人群看到希望，还可以让高收入人群消除顾虑减少阻力，起到桥梁作用。
对于如何完成收入分配改革，鄢圣文认为，应该通过基本公共服务均等化、非基本公共服务市场化、公共服务评价社会化三个途径来同时进行。他表示，现在离完成基本公共服务均等化仍然有差距，户籍、教育、就业等方面仍然处于较低水平，并没有实现真正的均等化。而非基本公共服务市场化要解决的是国家有限的资源和财力与巨大需求之间的缺口，提供门类比较齐全、种类比较丰富的公共服务，满足不同层次的需求，而这些都可以通过付费的方式让市场参与进来。
鄢圣文认为，如果用公报中提到的“处理好政府和市场的关系”来作为解决收入分配改革问题的一把钥匙，可以理解为依靠公共服务的提供来平抑收入分配的巨大差距。政府是提供公共服务的机构，所有人能无差别地享受公共服务，解决的是公共产品短缺的问题。但目前国力还不够强盛，要让政府能提供所有高标准的服务还不现实。处理好政府和市场的关系，就是让政府承担基本公共服务均等化，中高层群体的公共服务要求由市场来满足。
同时，公共服务的评价要让社会来承担。鄢圣文表示，公共服务提供的监督机制现在几乎没有或者不完善，是否提供了服务、服务是否有效、群众是否满意等都应该进行社会化评价。评价机制可由政府、学者、群众等多方面构成，具体权重比例可以由各地方根据实际情况进行调整。
本版撰文 晨报记者
张璐 肖丹 孙春祥 姜樊
■其他看点
确保依法独立公正行使审判权检察权——要维护宪法法律权威，深化行政执法体制改革，确保依法独立公正行使审判权检察权，健全司法权力运行机制，完善人权司法保障制度。
赋予农民更多财产权利——建立城乡统一的建设用地市场。要加快构建新型农业经营体系，赋予农民更多财产权利，推进城乡要素平等交换和公共资源均衡配置，完善城镇化健康发展体制机制。
创新化解社会矛盾体制——激发社会组织活力，创新有效预防和化解社会矛盾体制，健全公共安全体系。
划定生态保护红线——要健全自然资源资产产权制度和用途管制制度，划定生态保护红线，实行资源有偿使用制度和生态补偿制度，改革生态环境保护管理体制。
深化军队体制编制调整改革——要深化军队体制编制调整改革，推进军队政策制度调整改革，推动军民融合深度发展。
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