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The author:(作者)左published in(发表于) 2013/11/13 7:18:23 GMO debate lasting more than 20 years： from monopoly when it comes to national subjugation and genocide saying
South reporter Zhou Wei
GM debate the metamorphosis
From the "monopoly," said, "pollution" says, "" poison, "said" considered "says the controversy surrounding it politicization and radicalization," complex truth "was ignored
Huang l p sued the Ministry of agriculture to court.
He is the US labour law assistance in Beijing and Director of the Research Center, prior to this, he had to apply to the Ministry of agriculture about issues such as genetically modified crops grown and imported information, under the Ministry of Agriculture of the "lip", 4th, his Department of agriculture filed administrative proceedings.
"China's food safety in recent years worrying, I personally do not like to consume genetically modified foods, because there is no basic common sense told me it was safe. "Huang l p said.
As with Huang l p, referring to genetically modified foods, people's first reaction is usually: the food is safe or not safe? A frustrating is the fact that, after decades of debate, the problem still seems to be open.
Fran food?
30 years ago, scientists announced that for the first time abroad, some creatures can achieve the transfer of genes to other species. That year, China is from the "cultural revolution" wakes up in a frenzy, politics, living environment starting with relative ease, while foreign investors quickly smelled opportunity: begin to greatly increased interest in the study on genetically modified biotech companies.
It can be said that transgenic technology from development through industrialization, is a very quick process. The good news is that: in 1994, the transgenic tomatoes by United States food and Drug Administration approval, grant listing. Sad thing is: after less than a decade, the potential cash cow-like gene technology was labeled "Fran foods" (Frankenfood) label.
Frankenstein (Frankenstein) is the United Kingdom novelist Mary · Shelley's protagonist, he is a mad scientist, with lots of small pieces of body parts into a monster, and the monster and ultimately destroyed him. In the Western world, "Fran food" in question is still the best words to describe genetically modified foods.
According to United States data center for food safety, United States 70%-75% processed food containing genetically modified ingredients, and more than 90% of corn and soybeans are genetically modified crops. Although, according to Chinese media interviews, "most of the respondents are against genetically modified food", however in the United States market, there are only three States to pass GM identification Act, because the food and Drug Administration (FD a) reported that, given the lack of scientific evidence to prove that GM harmful, there is no need for labelling genetically modified foods.
In other words, even if opposition to genetically modified foods, most people still don't know what they are buying foods containing genetically modified ingredients. In the EU, ingredients exceeds 0.9% identification of the transgenic crop must be given.
23 United States girl CatherineJohnson (not his real name) has been concerned about genetically modified crops reported she was born in California, an upper-middle-class families. "My European friends are more concerned about the issue of genetically modified crops, but most Americans don't care, nor even concerned about the impacts of GM crops on health and the environment. "She told the Southern Reporter, United States talked more middle-and upper classes is organic and locally produced food.
Retrieved Europe social website and the related transgenic reported below of comments, main controversy points no outside between: transgenic seed company moral corrupt, will through fight off small farmers of way formed global monopoly; even as feed, transgenic crop also will entered human this food chain of top; base to doctrine who think human not should change natural crop of traits, worried traditional plant will and transgenic crop hybrid and caused ecological pollution.
Germany introduce one molecular biology graduate student m atthias Pergande, whether in Germany or other European countries, most of the public are opposed to genetically modified food. In Germany, in principle, can be bought in any store to the EU certification of genetically modified foods. "But large stores have little inventory of genetically engineered foods, because they worry that genetically modified food sales as some of the other food. ”
Pergande said the majority of Germans know about genetically modified foods are limited to basic level, "but this does not affect the question of genetically modified crops." Direct questioning is one of destruction. Although Germany has no commercial GM crops, but the test is repeated destruction of the eco-fundamentalism, Germany chemical giant announced last year that most of plots from Europe to move out and stop the development of crop applies to the European market. A similar situation in France can also be seen.
Who: no health effects cases
According to the journal nature in May of this year's statistics, 1.5 billion hectares of arable land in the area in the world, 12% of land was used to grow genetically modified plants. 1.700 million hectares of area in the United States, and Brazil, and Argentina, and Canada, and India five KMT accounted for 150 million hectares. Of course, United States in the production and consumption of genetically modified crops is on top of the world.
While most of the scientific community has a consensus, that is on the market of genetically modified food no better than traditional food insecurity. However, some still claim, risks of genetically modified foods have not been adequately assessed.
The most serious charges than in March this year, India environmentalist v andanaShiva genetically modified crops will be revitalised "India for genocide". Shiva said that Monsanto into the India market has led to a 270,000-India farmers committing suicide. This assertion is United States and the Netherlands, and Germany, economists and bamboozled "nonsense". Economists retort is that no GM crops, India as high farmer suicide rate in history.
In many anti-GMO environmental organization, Greenpeace is one of the lines of the most dynamic organizations. , A meeting with the Fang supporters of genetically modified food controversy, Greenpeace asked each other, know that genetically modified food may affect the family and the child's health. Although questioned strongly, but Greenpeace has not come up with evidence.
Also blamed for lack of scientific evidence there is heat transfer in the Chinese social network documentary on genetically modified my God (g m o o m g). Film director Jerem ySeifert is an average United States father, he traveled all over the world, was said to have been discovered the truth about genetically modified. Under United States when an interview with the Huffington Post, when he said he was chatting with the hometown people, find that they have no idea what GM crops. "I want them to take part in the discussions and let them know, some chemical companies feed us. ”
And in this year that "the World Food Prize"------international agricultural areas of highest honors awarded to three people: United States GMO giant Monsanto's Chief Technology Officer, r Obert t. Fraley and two other scientists insert foreign genes into crops technology, which was first awarded at the World Food Prize for 27 years to a scientist who studies of genetically modified.
Presentation Hall, a masked activists holding "Monsanto's seeds of poison us" in protest. Organizers of the March on the media said, "humans are mice, we had been slowly poisoned for years. ”
"Poisoned" concerns, who made clear their position: in countries that approved imports of genetically modified food, no examples of using genetically modified foods harmful to human health. In addition, the United States National Academy of Sciences (n ational a cadem YOF Sciences), United Kingdom Royal Society of Medicine (r oyalSocietyof m edicine), European Commission (EuropeanCom m ission) also clearly supports genetically engineered crops.
China: upgrade questions
This controversy that lasted for more than 20 years is still in ferment, and growing trend. Today, the war already began in developed countries to the developing world, like the old game "copies do not decay", the original motion passed till the end when a player, tends to be of shape.
In Europe, the pros and cons of the most common are: 1. Genetically modified crops can bring light to world hunger 2. Genetically modified crops will pose a huge threat to health and safety. Despite the potential competitive, however, but no one can provide evidence of throat.
Public opinion in China, ignorance and prejudice, sense and arrogant, as Beijing's lingering haze, always waiting to fill every corner. India's "theory of genocide", "considered" conspiracy theories have become one of the mainstream view here.
China's public debate on genetically modified began in 2004. At that time, driven by environmental organizations, and media reports, questioning voices can be heard of genetically engineered foods. So far, questioning even evolved into the "abnormal sperm genetically modified crops to men." Horror under the view of public panic only increased unabated.
In June this year, CCTV reported that genetically modified tumor-related. Comments below reported up to 4,839, lots of comments directed at the Ministry of agriculture as "traitors".
Upgrade question is more common in the military. During the last two sessions, said major general Luo Yuan, "Beware an enemy against our populations with genetically modified species into novel strategies to combat arms". On social networks, despite the criticism, however, support the freedom of people or a lot.
In August, major general Peng Guangqian, through the global times, a voice, and major general Luo Yuan questioned formed chord. Peng said that GM crops could become the West's biological weapons, the "consequences will far exceed the opium war". Yunnan University of finance and Professor Gu Xiulin publicly, "said GM technology is fundamentally human extinction is a technology" and Europe's "Frank food," said would be similar ideas.
In chinadotcom has even been initiated the "people resist genetically modified seeds and foods of American imperialism invasion" urgent appeal, threads are supported, there is even called "time to the very survival of the Chinese nation, refused to do a small white mouse. ”
In one survey, more than 250,000 respondents 89% believe genetically modified food insecurity.
But the fact is that industrialization of transgenic cotton in China began in 1999, and China is the world's largest soybean importer, open genetically modified soybeans have 16 years, imported 5,800 tons a year, most of which is genetically modified soybeans. In August, Argentina the first genetically modified corn approved to enter China, Argentina is the world's third largest exporter of corn and soybeans. The import of genetically modified crops is limited to processing materials, China currently has not implemented the commercialization of genetically modified food plants.
A month earlier, 61 academicians signed a letter requesting advance the industrialization of transgenic rice as soon as possible, is one of the reasons "we can't wait, or would endanger the realm. ”
For this wave of the line of scrimmage, and perhaps, the journal nature described as a relatively correct surrounding genetically modified crops grew politicized and polarized, the complexity of truth or ignored to some extent.
"Scholars to pressure large for supports, such as genetically modified food in China, but as a consumer, I am concerned about is the first of this kind of food safety, but there is no evidence. "Huang l p said. (Southern Metropolis daily)
南都记者周卫
转基因论战变形记
从“垄断”说、“污染”说、“毒害”说直至“亡国灭种”说，围绕它的争议政治化且极端化，而“复杂的真相”被忽略了
黄乐平把农业部告上了法庭。
他是北京义联劳动法援助与研究中心主任，此前，他向农业部申请了关于转基因农作物种植及进口等问题的信息公开，不满农业部的“敷衍”，本月4日，他对农业部提起了行政诉讼。
“中国近年来食品安全堪忧，我个人不愿意消费转基因食品，因为没有基本常识告诉我这是安全的。”黄乐平说。
跟黄乐平一样，提及转基因食品，人们的第一反应往往是：这种食品到底安不安全？一个令人沮丧的事实是，经过数十年的争论后，这个问题似乎依然没有定论。
弗兰肯食品？
30年前，国外科学家首次宣布，某些生物的基因可以实现转移至其他物种。那一年，中国正从“文革”的狂热中醒来，政治、生活环境开始相对轻松，而国外的投资者则迅速嗅到了商机：开始对生物科技公司研究转基因一事兴趣大增。
可以说，转基因技术从发展到产业化，是一个非常迅速的过程。可喜的是：1994年，转基因番茄通过美国食品及药品管理局的审核，获批上市。可悲的是：此后不到十年，这个潜在的摇钱树般的基因技术就被贴上了“弗兰肯食品”(Frankenfood)的标签。
弗兰肯斯坦(Frankenstein)是英国小说家玛丽·雪莱作品中的主人公，他是一位疯狂的科学家，用许多碎尸块拼成了一个怪物，而这个怪物最终毁灭了他。在欧美，“弗兰肯食品”在质疑者口中仍是描述转基因食品的最佳词汇。
根据美国食品安全中心的数据，美国加工食品中70%-75%含转基因成分，并且超过90%的玉米和大豆都是转基因作物。尽管根据中国媒体的走访，“大多数受访者反对转基因食品”，然而在美国市场，目前只有三个州通过了转基因标识法案，因为食品与药物管理局(FD A)报告称，鉴于没有科学证据能证明转基因有害，就没有必要给转基因食品贴标签。
也就是说，就算反对转基因食品，大部分民众依然不知道他们所购买的食物含转基因成分。而在欧盟，成分超过0 .9%的转基因作物必须给予标识。
23岁的美国姑娘CatherineJohnson(化名)一直关注关于转基因作物的报道，她出生于加州中上社会家庭。“我的欧洲朋友们会更关注转基因作物的问题，但是大部分美国人并不关心，甚至也不关心转基因作物对健康和环境的影响。”她告诉南都记者，美国的中产和上流社会谈论得更多的是有机食品和本地生产的食品。
检索欧美社交网站及相关转基因报道下方的评论，主要争论点无外乎：转基因种子公司道德败坏，会通过灭掉小农户的方式形成全球垄断；即使作为饲料，转基因作物也会进入人体这个食物链的顶端；基要主义者认为人类不应改变自然作物的性状，担心传统植物会和转基因作物杂交而造成生态污染。
德国一名分子生物学专业的研究生M atthias Pergande介绍，不管在德国还是欧洲其他国家，大部分公众对转基因食品都持反对态度。在德国，原则上在任何商店都可以买到经欧盟认证的转基因食品。“但是大型商店几乎没有转基因食品的库存，因为他们担心转基因食品销量不如其他食品。”
Pergande称，大部分德国人对转基因食品的了解都局限于基础水平，“但这并不影响他们质疑转基因作物”。直接的质疑方式之一就是破坏。尽管德国没有转基因作物商业用田，但试验用田却屡遭生态原教旨主义者的破坏，以致德国化学巨头在去年宣布，将大部分试验田从欧洲迁出，并停止研发适用于欧洲市场的作物。类似的情况在法国也有发生。
世卫：无影响健康案例
据《自然》杂志今年5月份的统计，在世界上15亿公顷的可耕地面积中，12%的土地被用来种植转基因植物。而在这1 .7亿公顷的面积中，美国、巴西、阿根廷、加拿大、印度五国共占了1.5亿公顷。当然，美国在转基因作物的生产和消费上均是世界榜首。
尽管大部分科学界人士有共识，即市场上的转基因食品不会比传统食品不安全。然而，一些组织仍然宣称，转基因食品的风险仍未被充分评估。
最严厉的指控莫过于今年3月，印度环保主义者V andanaShiva将转基因作物斥之为“对印度进行种族屠杀”。Shiva称，孟山都进入印度市场后已经导致了27万印度农民自杀。这一论断被美国、荷兰、德国等地的经济学家斥之为“胡说八道”。经济学家的反驳是，没有转基因作物，印度历史上农民的自杀率一样高。
在众多反转基因的环保组织中，绿色和平是行动力最强的组织之一。在一场与转基因食品支持者方舟子的论战中，绿色和平反问对方，是否知道转基因食品可能会影响家人和孩子的健康。尽管质问强烈，但是绿色和平并没有拿出相关证据。
同样被批缺乏科学证据的还有在中国社交网络上热传的纪录片《转基因我的天(G M O O M G)》。影片导演Jerem ySeifert是一名普通的美国父亲，他辗转世界各地，称发现了转基因的真相。在接受美国《赫芬顿邮报》采访时，他称自己跟家乡人聊天时，发现他们完全不知道什么是转基因作物。“我想让他们参与讨论，让他们知道，是一些化学公司在喂养我们。”
而在今年，“世界粮食奖”———国际农业领域的最高荣誉———颁发给了三个人：美国转基因巨头孟山都首席技术官R obert T . Fraley和另两名在作物中插入外来基因技术的科学家，这是世界粮食奖27年历史上首次颁奖给一位研究转基因的科学家。
颁奖礼堂外，戴着面具的活动家们则举着“孟山都的种子毒害我们”进行抗议。游行组织者对媒体称，“人类就是小白鼠，我们多年来一直在被慢性下毒。”
对于“下毒”的担忧，世界卫生组织则明确地表明了自己的立场：在批准进口转基因食品的国家中，没有使用转基因食品会影响人体健康的例子。此外，美国国家科学院(N ational A cadem yof Sciences)，英国皇家医学会(R oyalSocietyof M edicine)，欧洲委员会(EuropeanCom m ission)也态度鲜明地支持转基因作物。
中国：升级的质疑
这场持续了20多年的论战至今仍在发酵，而且呈愈演愈烈之势。如今，始于发达国家的战火已经烧到了发展中国家，如同古老的游戏“拷贝不走样”，最原始的动作传递至最后一名玩家时，往往就会走样。
在欧洲，最常见的正反双方观点为：1 。转基因作物能为世界饥荒带来曙光2 。转基因作物会对健康与安全构成极大威胁。尽管战势激烈，然而，却没有一方能提供一剑封喉的证据。
而在中国舆论场，无知与偏见，理性与傲慢，就像北京挥之不去的雾霾，在时刻伺机填充各个角落。跟印度的“种族屠杀论”一样，“亡国灭种”的阴谋论在这里也成了主流观点之一。
中国关于转基因的公开辩论始于2004年。当时，在环保组织的推动下，加上媒体的报道，质疑转基因食品的声音不绝于耳。至今，质疑甚至演变成了“转基因作物致男性精液异常”。惊悚的论调下，公众的恐慌只增不减。
今年6月，央视网报道称转基因与肿瘤相关。报道下方评论多达4839条，很多评论直指农业部为“汉奸”。
升级的质疑多见于军方。去年两会期间，罗援少将称“要警惕敌国针对我国人口的以转基因物种为武器的新型战略打击”。在社交网络上，尽管有批评，但是支持该言论的人还是不少。
8月，彭光谦少将通过《环球时报》发声，与罗援少将的质疑形成共鸣。彭称，转基因作物可能成为西方的生物武器，“后果将远超鸦片战争”。云南财经大学教授顾秀林则公开称，“转基因技术从根本上是灭绝人类的一个技术”，这与欧洲的“弗兰克食品”之称有异曲同工之妙。
甚至还有人在中华网发起了“全国人民抗拒美帝国主义转基因种子和食物入侵”的紧急呼吁，跟帖无不支持，甚至有称“中华民族到了生死存亡的时刻，坚决不做小白鼠。”
在一项调查中，超过25万名的受访者中89%的人认为转基因食品不安全。
但事实是，中国的转基因棉花在1999年就开始产业化，而中国是全球最大的大豆进口国，开放转基因大豆已经16年，每年进口5800吨，其中绝大部分为转基因大豆。今年8月，阿根廷首批转基因玉米获批进入中国，阿根廷是世界第三大玉米和黄豆出口国。这些进口的转基因作物仅限于加工原料，中国目前并没有实行转基因粮食商业化种植。
而此前一个月，61名两院院士联名上书，请求尽快推进转基因水稻产业化，理由之一是“不能再等，否则将误国。”
对于这场混战，或许，《自然》杂志的形容是相对正确的：围绕转基因作物的口舌之争政治化且极端化，真相的复杂性在一定程度上或被忽略了。
“学者会以中国粮食压力大等为由支持转基因，但是作为一个普通消费者，我关心的首先是这种食品安全与否，但目前并没有相关证据。”黄乐平说。（南方都市报）
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