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The author:(作者)左published in(发表于) 2013/11/13 7:19:53 Hebei farmers Commission comic book County Commission for discipline inspection to the Central Commission for discipline inspection on site
At noon one day in September, Qiu County, Hebei province West of linhe villager of Hao Zengmao, came back from picking up cotton, sitting in the cracking seam of the wall in the House while holding a job, talking television broadcast in the Central Commission for discipline inspection launched the qiuxian honest comic news.
The 48-year old farmer recognized him at a glance, TV footage appeared in the second cartoon-"great proficiency", is his work. Hao Zengmao was pleasantly surprised, "had never thought of his comic on the Commission website, surprise".
Hao Zengmao more familiar comic, like him a native of qiuxian peasant paintings. Later, they learned that the cartoons have attracted the attention of Wang Qishan, standing member of the Central Commission for discipline inspection. In August of this year, Wang Qishan, has two instructions to these themed comics of the ICAC.
This "event" is not only the farmers attached to Handan city, Hebei qiuxian, the long silence of the smaller counties in North China, all of a sudden national prominence to noise.
Qiuxian officials lamented that qiuxian was not seen such attention over the years. A reporter said, he repeatedly came to Handan, running a lot of counties, but never heard of qiuxian, until the Commission comic things before they came here specifically to interview.
Many strange visitors, anxiously waiting in the town's Chen Yuli, Li Qing people this old couple outside the compound gates. Hao Zengmao, and other farmers of the integrity of the draw caused a national sensation comics, had been a teacher.
As long as twenty or thirty years ago, China's most famous cartoonists of Hua Junwu, Fang Cheng, Ying Tao, has been here, the same knock on the couple's door. Hua Junwu returned to comics created by Chen Yuli couples groups "frog comic group" delivered greeting pictures. Hua Junwu was satisfied with the picture, personal exhibition will be held at a time to hang out.
In recent days, a succession of interviews and visits, broke the normally calm Chen Yuli couple's life. Although it's nearly 80-year-old old couples can sometimes be disturbed, but the heart will warm visitors outside the door.
They started dreaming, "through honest comic steam, and may be able to reproduce the traditional caricatures the busiest scenes, for people to know, manga is the way to express attitude, irony and humor is an art form".
The birth of "Rubicon" idiom County because the independent Commission against corruption unexpectedly comic fame
79 year old Chen Yuli full of wrinkles on the face, as if it were a cartoonist to go up a road bars. His right hand was no longer me tremble, holding cups in their mouths when sending, it shatters outward sprinkled with water.
Chen Yuli walking hopping Toad. Born in rural dislocated his childhood leg didn't heal, left disabled.
Old coat chest stained with dirt. Li Qingai with his old partner, said that when he was young, poor, old, unkempt "dressed in rags, like a beggar."
Those curious visitors to the independent Commission against corruption cartoons to see this old couple, played here have heard something never heard before, that is, to boast about Chen Yuli is China cartoon celebrities, 2010 Arts Council grant by China artists Association cartoon cartoon top awards--the Golden Monkey award.
Previously, having won this award was Hua Junwu, and ye qianyu, and the cartoon, Ding Cong, Liao bingxiong, Fang Cheng and other people.
But the Chinese contemporary comics, described as important things, far more attention than a regular movie awards lead to the outside world.
Concern is hardly unexpected. According to media reports, Wang Qiu County Commission comic given instructions on August 11 for the first time, Wang said: "(the Central discipline Inspection Commission) mission may send officials to see how the classroom, with regard to the wide range of views on the use of. "August 20, Wang Wang again:" Please set up the independent Commission against corruption in the Central Commission for discipline inspection on the site to be opened culture plates, qiuxian comics can also be done in the form of ' network ' so as to see more people, at low cost and interaction. ”
Qiuxian Secretary Zhao Congjiang introduced "Qiu County in recent years has been to combine culture construction of a clean and private comics." In 2012, the qiuxian discipline in a move later stopped teaching building built in "education base", part of the creation of the independent Commission against corruption of comic galleries for the display of local farmers.
April 2012, those comics were led into the Handan City Museum. They not only exhibition in the exhibition hall, also in qiuxian actively promoting, is spreading to all corners of the County-are handcrafted tuhui County campus of old white brick walls and on the walls of institutions, rural, community and schools.
This year, the "by County Office information feedback, will escalate, didn't gain leadership of the Central Commission for discipline inspection." The primary Commission for discipline inspection cadres said, "were very surprised that also encouraged".
An area of only 455 square kilometers and a population of 260,000 qiuxian, is a veritable small counties. Local officials, after Qiu County in Hebei province on the level of economic development, in Handan city ranks near the end.
The town's main street is not more than 5. Public transportation resources, outsiders can see taxis. Locally known as the bus, is a three-row seat of the Green-and-white van, stood before the windshield reads "buses" of cards, by private undertakings.
Locals are lucky, house prices at around 2,600 Yuan per square meter, "is rarely the price less than the 3,000 Bucks County".
Even some native qiuxian, say a home location advantages and resources. Township of Handan idiom known, but from the qiuxian idiom is not much, usually people say only one – to burn.
The small County in rural areas, exported cotton, tree buds, and in recent years, attracting investments from the car. But these services community products, this art form is much less than the comic, but the reputation of this place.
Irony and humor comic life, comics more criticism
Today, attracted into the frog comic group of foreign visitors, mostly concerned about news related to the independent Commission against corruption and comics. However, Chen Yuli couple, the guests never tired of telling, inadvertently revealing information like this: couple not because now began to shine suddenly popular comic of the ICAC.
Strange guests one by one under the eye of curiosity, Chen Yuli old gentleman with his shaky hands, repeatedly turn a couple of cartoons in the two sets.
Only from the comic book collection of paintings on view, from the mid early 80 to 90, Chen Yuli creations and published several cartoons, including many smack of criticism of caricatures. For example, the ironic "back door" phenomenon of the contacts, attacked the corruption risk exposure and also in the pockets, such as the who says I become a monk strike a Bell. These comics involving the corruption theme for now in qiuxian Commission for discipline inspection elected to the independent Commission against corruption comics featuring, been found again.
Once-rich caricatures on century 890, referred to by Mrs Chen Yuli "a prosperous era of comics". The exuberance and not individuals belonging to Chen Yuli memories. In 1980, the Fang Cheng created the Wu dalang shop, this ironic "To be jealous and envious of capable persons" works were widely circulated. Fang Cheng, with the painting in the country's 16 regional tour, even adapted it to the Hebei Bangzi Opera Theatre. Fang Cheng in the second half of life at the age of 62, on personal writing career on the spring, recognized as Hua Junwu, Ding Cong one of China's three great cartoonists.
At that time, spent more than 40 years in the small County of Hebei province Chen Yuli comics also famous throughout the country. On one occasion, Hua Junwu, and Hebei national cartoonists Han Yu was talking about, "Chen Qiu County, Hebei cripple."
The spring of 1982, made a special trip to Beijing to visit Chen Yuli couple Hua Junwu. Was having a meeting of Hua Junwu coming down from the second floor, a mouth joke: "these lame, you raise short but long shelters. ”
The cartoonist man and a leg disease of farmers, in that time, his cartoon to sway to the extreme. Today, recalls stories about the creation of the year, old people will instead gone dull, cloudy eyes flashed a flicker of expression. His wife Li Qingai said: "he only talk about comics so exciting, Hua Junwu, and Fang Cheng likes to chat with him. ”
A long time, Chen Yuli published caricatures of the main "position" is the people's daily supplement of the irony and humor. The half moon phase dominated by comic quarto, founded in 1979, is in the "gang of four" Temple, right, the liberation of thought and the historical background of the birth of reform and opening up.
In exploring their personal comics experience, Li Qingai talking about 80 's of the last century, it is only natural to use contemporary language "thought liberation" as a narrative turning point in time.
In 1978, the third plenary session, theory of truth standard debate. At that time, Chen Yuli couple in a backwater County in Hebei province, did not directly felt the stream of thought. However, in their exchanges and cartoonists such as Han Yu, smelling a variation of social atmosphere, "particularly in people's minds."
In 1980, Chen Yuli in the "cultural revolution" later published the first comic work was published in the satire and humor on. In the name of the frog in the well of the cartoon, drew Chen Yuli a crouched frog in the bottom of, looking at a flower floating in the sky "from ' the gang ' temporary difficulties caused by the" cloud of exclamation: "Oh, my bad! "It looks like a cloud of sorrow gloomy paintings, but criticized some people for the status quo attitude of doubt and disappointment.
"Mind liberation, comics are also liberated. "Chen Yuli believes that" at the time of creation and high yield thought closely related to the atmosphere of the entire society. ”
The 80 's of the last century, Hua Junwu twice to qiuxian frog comic set of lectures. Chen Yuli couples remember Hua Junwu told them stressed "the irony and humor is a comic's life", in his view, "the comic more criticism."
In the people around him, Chen Yuli is a man of temper, even his wife Li Qingai saying "enough nerve is very small." Younger Chen Yuli, went to Beijing to visit the comics magazine, "destination in Wangfujing Street, 4th, but when he goes to the 2nd leg, shaking, afraid to step forward through, so he went home in frustration."
But this "cowardly" were published in the late 80 's a lot of caricature. Chen Yuli in the words he exhibits a strong local accent: "worry less, feel less cautious. ”
The saddest thing is that cartoonists had no dignity
That is so proud of the past, although is not possible without mention, but also very easy to talk to the couple and the guests were hurriedly slid over.
In General, to show the frog comic works collection when Li Qing AI will show the smile on his face. She did, much like when mothers praise their children advantages, the kind of pride and satisfaction.
Frog comics group was born in 1983, in caricature of the good old days. The cartoon group formed by farmers, mother-international trends, too, in the name of animal names for your organization. They are called "frog", because the on-farm animals, farmers are familiar with partners, "pests, harvest, was in line with farmers ' comic set of features".
Incubate for tadpoles, frogs, Mrs Chen Yuli to groom comic talent. According to their statistics, the frog cartoon group has so far received more than more than 3,000 students total comics published in newspapers at all levels more than more than 40,000 sites.
However, Li Qingai helpless the reality is that a lot of "tadpole" has left pond. "Now cling to the creativity of people who also gets people, including my wife. ”
November temperatures this afternoon, Li Qingai sat on the couch, with sagging skin fingers, rubbing absently at the comics set coated paper. "You see this picture, how good the satire and humor on the front page of. You look at this picture, and got a prize. "But all of a sudden, her sigh a sigh of relief," this person went to Beijing to work as clerks, who opened shop, the chauffeur went. "She also mentioned that the work won a prize, but certificates are not even willing to take," well sorry ".
Li Qingai seem more willing to indulge in memories of the past. Talk about the past, and her tone becomes agile and her memory can easily switch to the 80 's.
She clearly recalled that in 1986, one of the reporters at the daily worker to interview the frog group. That reporter, interviews, records, "wrote a wrote a book". We shook hands after the end of each interview, but he came again the next day. "For 9 days, sent back a full version of the report. ”
The report caused a sensation at the time, but attracted to more than journalists, but from Hebei, Shandong, Zhejiang and other places from a comic book lovers. "Someone is coming, legs are swollen. "But," we are the amateur groups, outsiders could not afford, have declined. " Someone was crying sadly.
When the touching scene has ceased to exist. Li Qingai said, now comics people, "fawning".
"Comic book was so bitter that writer's low income. Many people are reluctant to learn comic. "The cartoons were simply diverted painting painting," make more money ".
Having said that, the old man pounding beats in the chest, "dignity! The saddest thing is, cartoonists have no dignity. ”
Chen Yuli couple's four children, except for the eldest son in the County Museum, other persons are not engaged in comics, almost can not even the least bit wet.
Li Qingai concerned, "Chinese comics have long fallen into doldrums" is the artistic golden age had passed.
In 2010, the Hua Junwu told Li Qingai phone says "Jujube Garden picking dates to eat this year. "Like flowers and plants of jujube Li Qingai planted some trees in the yard, always greedy Hua Junwu.
However, when red, Hua Junwu was dead.
5 years before his death, 90 years of Hua Junwu published his last cartoon. The irony of China's most famous cartoonist has a thick stack of paper away, also called one by one to inform friends, he made another theme.
Satirical art, spiky flowers, more democracy, flower bright
Followers of Chen Yuli couple the creativity of farmers, today's situation is quite different. Get budget meal with comic talent, some comics get a car into town and commercial housing, the majority of people to remain in the country while farming while authoring.
But faced with manga time, they tend to feel that "comic positions are becoming fewer and fewer."
Experienced in the 80 's brilliant sold 1.3 million copies, created a single issue of the satirical and humorous, and later by the people's daily literary transferred to larger sales of the global times, a head of the Department.
The comics world when suspended in Shanghai, heard the news of Hua Junwu feeling: "such a large Shanghai, would not make a living comic magazine? ”
Used to block growing out of the comics journals as well as columns, disappearing again. At that time, many Central, provincial and even local newspapers all follow the example of the people's daily, setting up comic Edition or Special Edition. But in recent years, these booming most of the comics journal and columns have been removed.
As those still in the creativity of people qiuxian frog group Hao Zengmao, Hu Yanting, Wang Junqing, who, in their view, comics who are isolated from markets.
"Now young people love to watch anime big eyes, long hair, that thing is just entertainment, not ideology and content. "That occupy more market Japan, Korea, Europe, anime, nature has always been a mild Chen Yu and more anger anger.
The people's daily, Deputy Director of the Department of literature and art of the irony and humor of the first editor-in-Chief of Ying Tao said: "the comics industry trend of impact in the community, there has been some tendency of silly kitsch taste is not high. Authors don't care about social reality, creation is moving away from life. ”
May disappear is not only the layout and marketing. Hu Yanting Li Qingai and students-the China artists Association cartoon writer, recalls, the mid 90, there was a related "traditional caricatures is out-dated" argument.
The debate took place in the manga magazine young edited in Henan province and among cartoonists represented by Ying Tao. The former considered that "comic book just humor, not satire." However, Ying Tao and other old cartoonists insisted that "comics not only humorous but also irony. Without irony, this art is lost. "
Losing their heyday in comics at the same time, in the eyes of some literary critic, is also a popular satirical art of comic dialogue gradually decline.
Famous crosstalk performer Jiang Kun, to speak to the media, said: "in recent years, due to the lack of good works, crosstalk creations of our country has been at a low ebb. ”
As a master of satire, Hua Junwu was a lover of comic dialogue. His friends recall, once was talking with Hua Junwu, when TV started broadcasting on Hou Baolin comic dialogue, he immediately stopped and said, "excuse me, I'm going to start doing your homework. ”
Hua Junwu ever drew a satirical comic dialogue cartoon, criticized some comic dialogue "not funny nor satirical."
In 1979, the Editorial Office of the journal of literary studies and art Research Institute for literature and arts, invited Hua Junwu, Hou Baolin, Guo Quanbao, Ding Cong, Fang Cheng, comics and comic dialogue masters, held a symposium on comics and comic dialogues.
At the seminars, the report titled how to bloom-iron art-comics, comic dialogue of the sidelights of the article, the authors wrote: "comrades in practice is the sole criterion for testing truth to satirical art. ”
Comics and comic dialogue masters of these participants, almost no one has challenged the idea that humor and satire is a distinctive feature of comics and comic dialogues and artistic features, is their life.
At the same time, article also wrote: "we realize that comics and comic dialogues are with democracy (political and artistic) together. Satirical art, spiky flowers, fertile ground for democracy is democracy more, spend more richly colored. Yeah! How valuable this historical experience! ”
Comic paintings leave, walking stick, the bench ... ... Also thought
Now, Hao Zengmao and can't even think, sudden concern, will this affect the quality of life of farmers.
Pictures of comics on the Web site of the great proficiency in his hand and widely. Teacher Li Qing AI after watching this picture with some irritation, that "such a handsome young man, when so many women to pursue, what came out from the streets here like a fool? ”
Hao Zengmao don't care, speaking of those, his clever smile. Him that old pair of jeans sewn like a spider's Web of the knee.
In busy responding to journalists to cover the gap, he has to rush to picking cotton, because the crop is still his main business fields.
He will support students on the home front, but art is not intended as a father the son of professional cartooning, choosing instead to fine art ads.
Over the years, Hao Zengmao also make money by drawing comics. Usually, he's in plastic bottles for a concatenation of homemade under desk lamp, the comic. Today, the publication has little he can contribute, "left of the irony and humor".
If there is no comic book work, Member of the Chinese folk literature and Art Association, award certificates and a half-arm high-cartoonist, painted on the walls advertising – the kind of housing in rural areas across the country extremely rough and lack of esthetic picture. Typically, one ad, "making dozens of dollars."
In recent years, the promotion within the qiuxian County discipline Inspection Commission "Commission comic", bring some work for these local comic book authors. Inland Revenue Department, the personnel Bureau, family planning authorities and institutions to their book created for the units that the ICAC comics.
For now, Hao Zengmao frog comic book group members received the County discipline Inspection Committee. They follow the County discipline inspection framework available to them, according to every piece of content to meet the theme of the comic.
On discipline Inspection Department Web site describes "Qiu County, Hebei integrity cartoon exhibition" information said in qiuxian integrity comics is a step towards the country, out of an honest and clean government culture popularization and industrialization development.
Chen Yuli couples creativity of life worked as "celebrity art field", but they did not expect, caricatures of the ICAC by the famous because Dong Feng again.
Although the old man and his wife often to chat with reporters and revengeful but each sent a reporter, they'll rub your eyes, up to continue with another great young guests of "talk".
"If they can put that concern, let us know and focus on traditional comics, will let Comics flourished again? "This vision, as if shot in the arm, in the tired old couples.
Long Chen Yuli and Li Qingai was always on his mind one thing. Hua Junwu died, Ying Tao is also gone. With this old couple of two decades of comics to meet you, gentlemen's collection of relics and paintings, in the "frog homes" – the couple lived in the yard, and is also the first farmer comics Museum--the establishment of Memorial room.
In 2010, after the death of Hua Junwu, and his sister came to qiuxian "frog homes" jujube tree below, for circular brother during his lifetime a desire. At that time, Hua Junwu's sister was feeling. Later, her brother died some relics donated to the Chen Yuli couples.
Now, Chen Yuli in the couple's home, hanging Hua Junwu was alive, he used crutches, with fixed wrist straps, bench, rice cookers and other objects.
Li Qingai said: "If the Memorial built these two gentlemen, crutches, their paintings, the bench ... ... Away, that's a big asset! ”
Always love talking to Chen Yu, not waiting for his voice falls, was quickly inserted a sentence: "there are ideas. ”
(Original title: irony is still alive)
9月的一天中午，河北省邱县西临河村的村民郝增茂，从地里摘完棉花回来，坐在墙壁裂着缝的屋里，一边端着饭碗，一边瞅到电视里正播着中纪委网站推出《邱县廉政漫画展》的新闻。
这位48岁的农民一眼就认出来，电视画面里出现的第二幅漫画——“硬功夫”，是他的作品。郝增茂又惊又喜，“压根儿没想到自己的漫画会上了中纪委网站，太意外”。
更多让郝增茂眼熟的漫画，也是和他一样土生土长的邱县农民画出来的。后来，他们才知道，这些漫画已引起中央政治局常委、中央纪委书记王岐山的关注。今年8月，王岐山先后两次对这些廉政题材的漫画作出批示。
碰上这件“大事”，不仅是这些农民，隶属河北邯郸市的邱县，这个长期默默无闻的华北小县，一下子在全国名声大噪。
邱县的官员感叹，邱县多年来未被外界如此关注。一个记者说，他曾多次来邯郸，跑过很多县，但没听说过邱县，直到此次廉政漫画的事情，才专门赶到这里来采访。
不少陌生的拜访者，焦急地等候在县城里陈玉理、李青艾这对老夫妻的大院铁门外面。郝增茂和其他画出引起全国轰动的廉政漫画的农民，都曾在这里拜师学艺。
早在二三十年前，中国最著名的漫画家华君武、方成、英韬等就曾来过这里，同样敲开过这对夫妻的大门。华君武还给陈玉理夫妇创建的漫画团体“青蛙漫画组”送过贺画。华君武对这张画很满意，每次举办个人画展都会把它挂出来。
近日，接连不断的采访和探望，打破了陈玉理夫妇往日平静的生活。虽然这对将近80岁高龄的老夫妻有时会不胜其扰，但又不忍心将热情的造访者挡在门外。
他们开始憧憬着，“借着廉政漫画的热度，或许可以再现传统讽刺漫画繁盛的景象，让人们了解，漫画是可以表达态度的言说方式，讽刺和幽默是这种艺术形式的生命”。
诞生“破釜沉舟”成语的小县城，因为廉政漫画而意外扬名
79岁的陈玉理脸上布满皱纹，就像被一个漫画作者画上去的一道道横杠。他的右手，已经不听使唤地颤抖，端着水杯往嘴里送时，哆哆嗦嗦地向外洒着水。
陈玉理走路时跛着脚。生于农村的他儿时脚脱臼没医治，落下了残疾。
老先生上衣前胸沾着污渍。用老伴李青艾的话说，他年轻时家里穷，老了更加不修边幅，“穿得破破烂烂，就像一个乞丐”。
那些因为对廉政漫画好奇的拜访者见到这对老夫妇，在这里打听到一件之前没听说的事，那就是其貌不扬的陈玉理其实是中国漫画界的名人，2010年被中国美术家协会漫画艺术委员会授予漫画界最高奖项——金猴奖。
此前，获得过这个奖项的，是华君武、叶浅予、张乐平、丁聪、廖冰兄、方成等人。
但这个对中国当代漫画界来说，称得上重要消息的事情，远不如某个普通电影奖引起外界更多的关注。
关注几乎是突如其来的。据媒体公开报道，王岐山对邱县廉政漫画作出批示，第一次是在8月11日，批示称：“(中纪委)宣教室可派员去看看，对可否大范围运用提出意见。”8月20日，王岐山再次批示：“可否在即将开通的中纪委网站上设廉政文化板块，邱县的漫画形式亦可办成‘网展’，这样看的人多，成本低且能互动。”
邱县纪委书记赵从江介绍，“近年来邱县一直将廉政文化建设和民间漫画结合起来”。2012年，邱县纪委在一栋搬迁后停用的教学楼里建起“廉政教育基地”，其中一部分展室用于展示当地农民创作的廉政漫画。
2012年4月，那些漫画还被带进邯郸市博物馆。它们不仅陈列在展览馆，还在邱县的大力推动下，正在铺向全县的各个角落——被手工涂绘在县委大院陈旧的白色砖墙以及机关、农村、社区和学校的墙壁上。
今年，“通过县委办公室的信息反馈渠道，将工作向上汇报，没想到获得中纪委领导的肯定”。这位基层纪委干部表示，“很意外，也很受鼓舞”。
面积仅有455平方公里、人口数量26万的邱县，是一个名副其实的小县。当地官员介绍，邱县的经济发展水平在河北省靠后，在邯郸市几乎排在末尾。
整个县城的主干道不超过5条。这里的公交资源匮乏，外人很难看到出租车。当地所谓的公交车，是一种绿白相间的三排座面包车，挡风玻璃前摆着一个印着“公交车”的纸牌，由私人经营。
令当地人庆幸的是，这里房价每平方米在2600元左右，“是很少的房价达不到3000块钱的县”。
就连一些邱县本地人，也说不出家乡有何区位优势和资源。邯郸以成语之乡闻名全国，但是出自邱县的成语典故并不多，通常人们说起的只有一条——破釜沉舟。
这个以农业为主的小县，向外输出棉花、树芽以及近年来招商引资而来的儿童车。但这些服务人们衣食住行的产品，远不如漫画这一艺术形式，如今带给这个地方的名声多。
讽刺和幽默是漫画的生命，漫画更多要去批评
如今，慕名走进青蛙漫画组的外地拜访者，大多关心和时下新闻相关的廉政漫画。不过，陈玉理夫妇二人，在向客人不厌其烦地讲述中，不经意间就会透露出这样的信息：夫妇俩并非因为此刻突然走红的廉政漫画才开始大放光彩。
在一个个陌生客人好奇的目光注视下，陈玉理老先生用他颤巍巍的手，多次翻开夫妇二人的漫画作品集。
仅从漫画集上的画作来看，从上世纪80年代初到90年代中期，陈玉理创作和发表多幅漫画，其中包括很多带有批评色彩的讽刺漫画。比如，讽刺“走后门”现象的《关系户》、抨击贪污受贿的《危险的接触》以及中饱私囊的《谁说我当和尚撞钟》等。这些涉及腐败题材的漫画之作，如今被邱县纪委选入廉政漫画的辑录，重新被人们发现。
曾经盛产讽刺漫画的上世纪八九十年代，被陈玉理夫人称为“漫画的一个繁盛年代”。而这种繁盛，并不仅仅属于陈玉理的个人记忆。1980年，方成创作出《武大郎开店》，这幅讽刺“嫉贤妒能”的作品在当时广为流传。方成带着这幅画在全国16个地方巡回展出，甚至有人将它改编为河北梆子戏。62岁时的方成在人生后半期，才逢上个人创作生涯的春天，被公认为与华君武、丁聪齐名的中国三大漫画家。
当时，在河北小县待了40多年的陈玉理在全国漫画界也开始有名气。有一次，华君武和河北籍的漫画家韩羽聊天时，还打听起“河北邱县的陈跛子”。
1982年春天，陈玉理夫妇专程去北京拜访华君武。当时正在开会的华君武从二楼走下来，一张嘴就开玩笑：“陈跛子，你可是扬短避长啊。”
这个寡言而且有腿疾的农民漫画家，在那个年代，将他的漫画创作才能挥洒到极致。现今，回忆起当年的创作往事，老人会一改往日沉闷的状态，浑浊的目光中闪现出一丝神采。老伴李青艾说：“他只有聊起漫画时才这么兴奋，华君武、方成很喜欢跟他聊天。”
长期以来，陈玉理发表讽刺漫画的主要“阵地”是《人民日报》增刊《讽刺与幽默》。这份半月一期的以漫画为主的四开报，创办于1979年，是在“四人帮”倒台、拨乱反正、解放思想以及改革开放的历史背景下诞生的。
在回溯个人漫画创作经历时，李青艾谈起上世纪80年代，很自然地用有时代感的语言“思想大解放以后”作为叙述的时间转折点。
1978年，十一届三中全会前后，理论界开展真理标准的大讨论。当时，身处河北闭塞县城的陈玉理夫妇，并没有直接感受到这股思潮。但是，他们在和韩羽等漫画家的交流中，嗅到当时社会的一种变化气息，“尤其是在人的思想上”。
1980年，陈玉理在“文革”后发表的第一幅漫画作品，正是刊登在《讽刺与幽默》上。在这幅名为《井底蛙》的漫画中，陈玉理画了一只蹲在井底的青蛙，它望着天空中飘着的一朵“由‘四人帮’造成的临时困难”的乌云，感叹着：“天啊，我看全糟了！”这则看上去愁云惨淡的画作，实则是批评当时一些人对于现状过于怀疑和失望的态度。
“思想解放，漫画也解放了。”陈玉理认为，“那时的创作高产同整个社会的思想氛围紧密相关。”
上世纪80年代，华君武曾两次来邱县青蛙漫画组讲学。陈玉理夫妇记得，华君武一直跟他们强调“讽刺和幽默是漫画的生命”，他认为“漫画更多要去批评”。
在身边的人看来，陈玉理是一个没脾气的人，甚至用老伴李青艾的话说，“胆儿很小”。陈玉理年轻时去北京拜访《漫画》杂志社，“目的地在王府井大街4号，但他走到2号时腿就发颤，不敢往前迈步子，于是就沮丧地回家了”。
但这个“胆小”的人却在上世纪80年代公开发表了很多讽刺漫画。陈玉理用他带着浓厚地方口音的话说：“顾虑少了，感觉不再那么小心翼翼了。”
最可悲的是，漫画家没有了尊严
那段很有光彩的过去，虽然并不可能毫无提及，但同样很容易在这对夫妇和客人谈话间，被匆匆地一带而过。
通常，向人们展示青蛙漫画组作品合集的时候，李青艾的脸上会露出笑容。这种神情，很像母亲夸赞自己儿女的优点时，那种骄傲和满足的状态。
青蛙漫画组诞生于1983年，正值讽刺漫画的美好时代。这个由农民组成的漫画创作团体，也跟着当时国际美术界的潮流，以动物名为组织命名。而之所以叫“青蛙”，是因为这种田间地头的动物是农民熟悉的伙伴，“除害虫，唱丰收，很符合农民漫画组的特征”。
如同青蛙孵育蝌蚪一样，陈玉理夫妇一直在培养漫画人才。根据他们统计，青蛙漫画组至今共接受3000多名学员，总共在各级报刊上发表漫画4万余幅。
但是，令李青艾无奈的现实是，很多“蝌蚪”都已离开池塘。“目前还坚持创作漫画的人，也就10来人，包括我们夫妻俩。”
11月一个气温骤降的下午，李青艾坐在沙发上，用皮肤松弛的手指，在漫画集的铜版纸上摩挲着。“你看这幅画，多好，当时登在《讽刺与幽默》的头版上。你看这幅画，还拿了奖。”但是突然，她轻叹一口气，“这个人去北京打工当文秘去了，这人在开门市部，这个当司机去了。”她还提到，有人作品获了奖，但连证书都不愿意去拿，“好惋惜”。
李青艾似乎更愿意沉浸在过去的回忆中。谈起过去，她的语气会变得轻快起来，而她的记忆可以轻松切换到80年代。
她清楚地记得，1986年一位《工人日报》的记者来采访青蛙组。那个记者一边采访，一边记录，“写完一个本又写一个本”。每次采访结束后握手告别，但第二天他又来了。“一直待了9天，回去发了一整版的报道。”
这篇报道在当时引起轰动，但吸引来的更多不是记者，而是从河北、山东、浙江等地赶来拜师学艺的漫画爱好者。“有人是走来的，腿都走肿了。”但是，“我们是业余团体，外地人负担不起，都谢绝了”。有人当时伤心地大哭。
当年动人的场景已不复存在。李青艾说，现在对学漫画的人，“要巴结着”。
“学漫画太苦，稿费低，收入少。很多人都不愿学漫画了。”有些学漫画的人干脆改行画国画，“赚钱更多”。
说到这里，老人捶捶胸口，“尊严！最可悲的是，漫画家没有了尊严。”
陈玉理夫妇的四个儿女，除了大儿子在县文化馆工作，其他人都不从事漫画创作，几乎连一点边都不沾。
在李青艾看来，“中国漫画早就跌入低谷”，这种艺术的黄金时代已经过去了。
2010年，华君武跟李青艾通电话时说：“今年要来枣园摘枣吃。”喜欢花草植物的李青艾在院子里种了几棵枣树，一直馋着华君武。
但是，等枣红了的时候，华君武已辞世。
去世前5年，90岁的华君武发表了平生最后一幅漫画。这位中国最著名的讽刺漫画家买了厚厚一沓报纸送人，还打电话一一通知老朋友，他又有新作发表了。
讽刺的艺术，带刺的鲜花，民主越多，花越鲜艳
那些跟随陈玉理夫妇创作漫画的农民，如今的境遇也大不相同。有人凭借漫画才华吃到财政饭，也有人靠漫画进城买了汽车和商品房，大部分人继续留在农村一边种地一边创作。
但是，面对如今漫画所处的时代，他们大多感受到，“漫画的阵地正变得越来越少”。
在80年代经历辉煌、创造过单期销量130万份成绩的《讽刺与幽默》 ，后来由《人民日报》文艺部转给销量较大的《环球时报》主管。
《漫画世界》在上海停刊时，得知这一消息的华君武感慨：“这么大的一个上海，就养不活一本漫画杂志？”
曾经犹如春笋般生长出来的漫画类报刊以及专栏，又日渐消失。当年，很多中央、省级甚至地级市报纸都效仿《人民日报》，设立漫画专版或者专刊。但近年来，这些繁荣一时的漫画专刊和栏目大部分都被撤掉。
作为那些依然在创作漫画的人，邱县青蛙组的郝增茂、胡延亭、王俊卿等人，在他们看来，漫画正在被市场抛弃。
“现在年轻人都爱看大眼睛、长头发的动漫，那些东西只是娱乐，没有思想性和内涵。”说起占据更多市场的日韩、欧美动漫，性子一向温和的陈玉理，语气也忿忿。
《人民日报》文艺部副主任、《讽刺与幽默》首任主编英韬曾说：“漫画界受社会上行业化思潮的影响，出现了一些无聊的媚俗的趣味不高的创作倾向。作者不关心社会现实，创作逐渐远离生活。”
消失的或许不仅是版面和市场。李青艾和学生胡延亭——中国美术家协会的漫画作者，都回忆起，上世纪90年代中期，发生了一场有关“传统讽刺漫画是否已经过时”的争论。
这场争辩发生在《河南漫画月刊》几位年轻编辑和以英韬为代表的漫画家之间。前者认为，“漫画只需幽默，不要再讽刺”。但是，英韬等老漫画家坚持，“漫画不仅要幽默，还要讽刺。如果失去讽刺，这种艺术就失去生命”。
就在漫画失去兴盛时代的同时，在一些文艺评论家看来，同样是民间讽刺艺术的相声也在逐渐走向衰落。
著名相声演员姜昆曾在接受媒体采访时说：“近年来，由于缺乏好作品，我国相声创作一直处于低谷。”
作为讽刺大师，华君武也是一位相声爱好者。他的朋友回忆，有一次正和华君武聊天，当电视上开始播侯宝林的相声时，他立马停下来，说：“不好意思，我要开始做功课了。”
华君武曾经画过一幅讽刺相声的漫画，批评有些相声“不幽默，也不讽刺”。
1979年，《文艺研究》杂志编辑部和文学艺术研究美术院，邀请华君武、侯宝林、郭全宝、丁聪、方成等漫画和相声界的名家，召开了一场漫画和相声座谈会。
在报道这场座谈会的一篇题为《如何让讽刺的艺术盛开——漫画、相声座谈会侧记》的文章里，作者写道：“同志们用实践是检验真理的唯一标准来检验讽刺艺术。”
这些参会的漫画和相声大师，几乎无人质疑这个观点：幽默与讽刺是漫画和相声的鲜明特征和艺术功能，是它们的生命。
同时，文中还写道：“大家体会到：漫画和相声是同民主（政治的和艺术的)联系在一起的。讽刺的艺术，带刺的鲜花，民主是它的肥沃土壤，民主越多，花越鲜艳。是啊！这历史的经验多么可贵！”
漫画大家留下的画作、拐杖、板凳……还有思想
现在，郝增茂并不敢多想，突如其来的关注，会给他这个农民的生活带来什么影响。
他手持《硬功夫》漫画的照片在网站上广泛传播。老师李青艾看过这张照片后，有些生气，“这么帅的一个小伙子，当年那么多女人追求，怎么照得像一个从街边拉来的傻子？”
郝增茂倒是不在意，说起这些，他憨憨一笑。他身上那条旧牛仔裤的膝盖处被缝得像蜘蛛网一样。
在忙着应付记者采访的间隙，他还要赶着去地里摘棉花，因为地里的作物仍然是他的主要营生。
他要供养家里出的大学生，但是学美术专业的儿子并不打算像爹一样画漫画，而是选择了美术广告。
这些年，郝增茂也靠画一些漫画挣钱。平时，他就在一个用塑料酒瓶拼接而成的自制台灯下，搞漫画创作。如今，他可以投稿的刊物已经很少，“基本就剩《讽刺与幽默》”。
如果实在没有漫画的活儿可以接，这位中国民间文艺家协会会员、获奖证书半臂高的漫画家，就在农村房屋墙上画广告——那种遍布于乡村的极其粗糙而缺乏审美的图画。通常，画一幅广告，“挣几十块钱”。
近年来，邱县纪委在全县范围内推广“廉政漫画”，为这些本土漫画作者带来一些活计。税务局、人事局、计生站等机关和事业单位向他们约稿，为本单位创作廉政漫画。
眼下，郝增茂等青蛙漫画组的成员接到县纪委的约稿。他们按照县纪委提供给他们的大纲，根据每一条内容来创作符合这个主题的漫画。
中纪委监察部网站上介绍“河北邱县廉政漫画展”的资料中说，邱县廉政漫画正一步步走向全国，走出了一条廉政文化大众化、产业化的发展道路。
创作漫画大半生的陈玉理夫妇当过“美术界名人”，但他们并没有想到，再次出名是因为借了廉政漫画的东风。
尽管这对老夫妇时常和记者们聊得口干舌燥，但是每送走一拨记者，他们就会揉揉眼睛，打起精神来，继续跟另一拨年轻的客人“聊聊”。
“如果能借着这种社会关注，让大家来了解和关注传统漫画，会不会让漫画再繁荣起来？”这种憧憬，仿佛一剂兴奋剂，打在疲倦的老夫妇身上。
长期以来，陈玉理和李青艾心里总是记挂着一件事情。华君武先生去世了，英韬先生也不在了。同这两位漫画大家结识几十年的老夫妇，想收集这两位先生的遗物和画作，就在“青蛙之家”——夫妇俩住的院子，也是全国首家农民漫画博物馆——建立纪念室。
2010年，华君武去世后，他的妹妹来到邱县“青蛙之家”的枣树下面，为圆哥哥生前一个愿望。当时，华君武的妹妹很感慨。后来，她将哥哥生前的部分遗物捐赠给陈玉理夫妇。
现在，陈玉理夫妇的家中，摆着华君武生前用过的拐杖、固定手腕用的布带、板凳、饭锅等物件。
李青艾说：“如果把这二位先生的纪念室建好，把他们的画作、拐杖、板凳……都收藏起来，那是一笔多大的财富！”
一向不爱说话的陈玉理，没等老伴的话音落下，就赶忙插了一句：“还有思想。”
（原标题：讽刺还活着）
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