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published in(发表于) 2013/11/13 7:21:36
Liyining： deepening the reform to deal with four relations

　　Government and market

When you talk about the relationship between the Government and the market, he said, and has repeatedly stressed that it is important that a general. Professor Li Yining said, in his plenary session Communique read out the most important message is that "the relationship between the Government and the market" to deal with, because well, it will affect future reform and development.

It is often said that in the past "small government, big market", and thought it was to better relations between Government and market approach. Professor Li Yining said, this is in fact inaccurate, the correct term should be "effective and efficient markets". Government is not the size, because it is not a question of how much does a person, not a question of how big the jurisdiction, mainly Government the Government should do something, higher efficiency. Market is not a panacea, market still has a lot of places charge less. Effective and efficient market, which is the relationship between Government and market in China. Both efficiency and to be effective, Government should the Government do something market market can do things, that's it.

Professor Li Yining said about efficiency in the past, when it comes to productivity, and now that more importance should be attached to the efficiency of resource allocation. Productivity is based on the input-output ratio, inputs for the established output as much as you can, so efficiency high, output for the established, into the less the better. But now not only talk about productivity, but also focus on resource allocation efficiency. The efficiency of resource allocation assumptions into the same, different ways to allocate resources, and compare, see who can configure the most efficient. Asset restructuring, continuously adjusted, for improving the efficiency of the allocation of resources. For example, he said, and combination of resources in a variety of ways, such as a way to get n, b could be N+1 output.

"The efficiency of resource allocation in economics has raised two changes. "Professor Li Yining, further explained, the first change is the term used to believe that in the enterprise personnel work of the Organization, publicity, administrative work, are classified as non-production staff," you are not the first line of production, and you have no contribution to productivity, these are non-production staff. After the efficiency of resource allocation, as well as view, personnel work of the Organization, is the optimal allocation of human resources, which is increased efficiency. Publicity, is mobilizing every input frequently, increasing efficiency. Administrators are the material and human resources to better together, producing more efficient, these people are efficient providers. ”

Improving the efficiency of the allocation of resources caused by the second change is the merger, that greater emphasis on asset restructuring, the role of financing and the role of the stock market.

When specific resource allocation efficiency to the relation between Government and market, Li Yining, further explained that belongs to Governments with limited resources, whether sub-allocations or personal income distribution is a distribution were claimed by the Government, general resource allocation and related consumption of consumer control and due to market interest rates.

　　The Central and local

Referring to the relations between the Central and local, Professor Li Yining said that effective management of local governments, the Central Government should let go. Specific to a wealth-tax reform, Li Yining said that should redefine the Central and Central and local government tax. Debt is a topic of general interest. Li Yining put forward its own proposal, local governments can sell property, such as excess office building without compromising standards of cases can be sold to pay to borrow from the Bank can be negotiated into long-term bonds and Bank.

　　State-owned enterprises and private enterprises

When you talk about the reform of State-owned enterprises, said Professor Li Yining, this is in fact the reform of State-owned capital system, "SASAC leave specific companies, to take charge of State-owned capital configuration, you can set up state capital investment Corporation, a shortage of industry, emerging industry can increase input, overcapacity in the industry should quit. "He said, State-owned enterprises should become self-management of State-owned enterprises.

Li Yining, known as "Li private" title, that means he's emphasis on private enterprise. When it comes to ways of further development of private enterprises, he said, transformation of private enterprises ' current needs, "private enterprise should have awareness of property rights. Awareness of property rights to private enterprises is very important, you know, protect their property rights, private enterprises in the transition economies, first is to clear intellectual property, property to be clearly defined. "In addition, the large scale of private enterprises, should be equally a sound corporate governance structure, shareholders, Board of Directors, supervisory board, General Manager, everyone, each in its place. Family business was first established about the role, because parents are often an able man, parents of cohesive, but this time is not too long, once after the enterprises to the formal, should have a sound corporate governance structure, one of the biggest problems involves the problem of succession. Trends in speaking and relatives can share, but not necessarily to choose as his successor. Successors of the ability, to ensure that enterprises operating in accordance with laws and regulations, to develop.

"If a city is no small micro-enterprises, private enterprises, the city can only be a ghost town. "Li Yining again, he said, in fact, small business is the best way to solve the employment. Specific to the relationship between State-owned enterprises and private enterprises, Li Yining, when it comes to must-win.

　　Urban and rural areas

Urbanization is one of the new Government's policy focus. Li Yining city and country are also are concerned, he said, not at urbanization to urbanization, now is one of the most critical of urbanization, to improve people's quality of life. Statistics said that the urbanization rate of increase 1%, means that each year more than 10 million people into the city. These people asked for employment, the economy of the city can digest it? Li Yining put forward, this will develop services can absorb labour force. Traditional service industries such as restaurants, hotels, hotels, Barber, and limited storage capacity cannot be completely absorbed. Financial, insurance, legal, consulting and other modern service sector will be key to solving employment channels.

This time in the plenary session Communique "Central set up comprehensive reform leading group, responsible for the overall design, integrated and coordinated, holistic reform process, urged the implementation of" exposition also attracted everyone's attention. Professor Li Yining said, in fact, design is on the top floor and the coexistence of the stones, basically in accordance with the current reform ideas--experience in pilot, filter, summarize, legal assurance, standardization, and then be driven. He reform of forest property right system, for example illustrates this point – in 2008, the Central Committee of the State Council decided to conclude the collective forest property right system of Fujian, Jiangxi pilot experience, national promotion.

Despite the reform of collective forest rights system more than 20 years later, but the Central based on pilot experience, there are three important breakthroughs: first, to extend the contract period unchanged for 70 years. Reform of forest property right system unchanged for 70 years, rural activism increased; second, the forest land may be mortgaged. This is a major breakthrough, one mortgage forest region economy and live three Lin contracted into, carry right down to the grass-roots level. Warrants issued to the forest each farmer's hands, contracted with property rights go together, reform of collective forest property right system has mobilized the enthusiasm of farmers.

Reporter Yu Jian J180

　New

"Promote the modernization of national governance systems and capacity to govern"

The National School of administration

Professor

Xu Yaotong

"Modernization of governance" is more scientific, democratic, but also more institutionalized, standardized and programmed. This is our modern meanings.

　"Tax reform tax system stability"

Director of the Research Institute for fiscal science

Jia Kang,

Camp to increase overall progress has opened a new round of taxation reform in China, next tax reform should also include optimizing the structure of government revenue and taxation system structure, complete the tax reform, the reform of personal income tax, reforming and strengthening the real estate taxes and many other aspects. Stable tax refers to the steady macro-tax burden, due to increased economic output, to stabilize the macro-tax burden will need to continue to carry out structural tax reduction, the two go hand in hand.

　　"Giving people more rights of property"

Director of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Institute of urban development and environment

Pan jiahua

Let farmers own more than one property, there must be an attempt, was contracted by the private plots of land, farmers, farmers in some form to be able to flow in the market, such a benefit, to guarantee farmers ' lives, because the land is the life and production of farmers.

　"Build a more fair and sustainable social security system"

University School of management Professor Li Chang ' an

Sustainability is the first in "the social security system" before, not just in terms of the sustainability of social security funds, including equity and guarantee the sustainability of capital efficiency.

　　政府和市场

　　在谈及政府和市场的关系时，他这样表态，并一再强调，这是很重要的一个概括。厉以宁教授说，他在三中全会公报中读出最重要的讯息就是“政府和市场的关系”要处理好，因为处理得不好，就会影响以后的改革发展。

　　过去人们常说“小政府，大市场”，并且以为这是对政府和市场关系比较好的处理方式。厉以宁教授表示，这其实是不准确的，正确的说法应该是“有效的政府、有效的市场”。政府不在于大小，因为它不是一个人员多少的问题，也不是管辖范围多大的问题，主要是政府做政府应该做的事，效率要高。市场也不是万能的，市场还有很多地方是管不到的。有效的政府加上有效的市场，这就是中国政府与市场的关系。两者都要讲效率，都要有效，政府做政府该做的事情，市场做市场可以做的事情，这样就行了。

　　厉以宁教授称，过去谈效率，只谈到生产效率，而现在更应该重视资源配置效率。生产效率是根据投入产出之比，投入为既定，产出越多越好，这样效率就高，产出为既定的话，投入越少越好。但现在不仅要讲生产效率，还要重视资源配置效率。资源配置效率假定投入不变，不同的方式来配置资源，然后进行对比，看谁配置效率最高。资产不断地重组、调整，是为了资源配置效率的提高。他举例称，资源组合有多种方式，比如A方式会得到N的产出，B方式就可能是N+1的产出。

　　“资源配置效率提高在经济学里引起了两个变化。”厉以宁教授进一步阐述说，第一个变化就是过去长期认为在企业中搞人事组织工作的、搞宣传工作的、搞行政管理工作的，都列为非生产人员，“你们不在生产第一线的，你们对生产效率没有贡献的，这些都是非生产人员。资源配置效率出来之后，看法就不一样了，做人事组织工作的，从事的是人力资源的优化配置，这就是提高了效率。做宣传工作的，是调动每一个投入者的积极性，提高了效率。行政管理人员是将物资资源和人力资源更好地组合在一起，产生更多的效率，这些人都是效率的提供者。”

　　资源配置效率的提高引起第二个变化就是企业并购，这样就会更为重视资产重组的作用、筹资的作用以及证券市场的作用。

　　资源配置效率具体到政府和市场关系时，厉以宁进一步解释说，资源有限的要归政府管，个人收入分配无论是二次分配还是一次分配都要归政府，一般资源配置和涉及消费者自主消费的以及利率则归结于市场。

　　中央和地方

　　谈及中央和地方的关系，厉以宁教授称，凡是地方政府管理有效的，中央政府应放手。具体到财税制改革，厉以宁称，中央和地方应该重新确定中央和政府的分税比例。地方债务是大家关心的话题。厉以宁提出自己的建议，地方政府可以出卖地方财产，比如过剩的办公大楼在不违背中央标准的情况下都可以出卖用以还债，向银行的借款则可以和银行协商变成长期债券。

　　国企和民企

　　谈及国企改革时，厉以宁教授称，这其实是国有资本体制的改革，“国资委不要管具体的企业，要主抓国有资本的配置，可以成立国有资本投资公司，对于有短缺的行业，新兴的行业就可以多增加投入，产能过剩的行业就应该退出。”他称，国有企业应当成为自主经营的国有企业。

　　厉以宁素有“厉民营”的称呼，可见他对民营企业的重视。谈及民营企业如何进一步发展时，他说，民营企业当前需要转型，“民营企业要有产权意识。产权意识对民营企业非常重要，要知道保护自己的产权，民营企业在转型中，首先就是要产权清晰，产权要界定清楚。”另外，民营企业规模大的，同样应该健全法人治理结构，股东会、董事会、监事会、总经理，各得其所、各在其位。家族制在企业成立之初起过作用，因为家长往往是一个能人，家长具有凝聚力，但是这个时间不会太长，一旦企业走向正规之后，就应该健全法人治理结构，其中最大的问题也涉及到接班人的问题。趋势上讲，亲属可以有股份，但不一定要选为接班人。接班人要有能力，能够保证企业按照法律法规来经营、来发展。

　　“如果一个城市没有小微企业，没有民营企业，这个城市只能是鬼城。”厉以宁再次强调，他还称，其实小微企业是解决就业的最佳途径。具体到民营企业和国有企业二者关系，厉以宁谈到一定要共赢。

　　城市和农村

　　城镇化是新一届政府的施政着力点之一。厉以宁对于城乡关系也很是关注，他说，目前不能为城镇化而城镇化，现在最关键的是人的城镇化，要提高人的生活质量。有统计说，每提高1个百分点的城镇化率，就意味着每年有1000多万人进城。这些人都要求就业，城里的经济能消化吗？厉以宁此前提出，这就要大力发展能大量吸收劳动力的服务业。传统服务业如饭馆、旅馆、酒店、理发等，容量有限，不能完全吸收。金融、保险、法律、咨询等现代服务业将成为解决就业的主要渠道。

　　这一次三中全会公报中“中央成立全面深化改革领导小组，负责改革总体设计、统筹协调、整体推进、督促落实”的阐述也引起大家的注意。厉以宁教授说，其实顶层设计机构是和摸着石头过河并存的，当前的改革基本上可以按照这个思路进行——试点、筛选经验、归纳总结、法律保证、规范化，然后予以推动。他以林权制度改革为例阐释了这一点——2008年，中共中央国务院决定总结福建、江西的集体林权制度试点的经验，进行全国推广。

　　尽管集体林权制度改革晚了20多年，但中央根据试点的经验，有三个重要的突破：一、承包期延长到70年不变。林权制度改革定了70年不变，全国农村的积极性加大；二、林地可以抵押。这是一个大的突破，一抵押林区经济就活了；三、林权承包落实到户，一竿子插到底。林权证发到每个农户手上，承包跟产权一块走，集体林权制度改革把农民的积极性全调动起来了。

　　本报记者 于建 J180

　　新说

　　“推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化”

　　国家行政学院

　　教授博士生导师

　　许耀桐

　　“治理能力现代化”就是要更加科学、更加民主，同时也要更制度化、规范化、程序化。这都是我们现代化的含义。

　　“改革税制稳定税负”

　　财政科学研究所所长

　　贾康

　　营改增的全面推进已开启了中国新一轮财税改革，下一步税制改革还应包括优化政府收入结构与税制结构、完成增值税改革、改革个人所得税、改革和强化房地产税等多个方面。稳定税负指的是稳定宏观税负，由于经济总量的增加，要稳定宏观税负就需要继续进行结构性减税，两者是齐头并进的。

　　“赋予农民更多财产权利”

　　中国社会科学院城市发展与环境研究所所长

　　潘家华

　　让农民拥有更多的财产权，就要有这样一种尝试，让宅基地、农民的自留地、农民的承包地能够以某种形式在市场上流转，形成这样一种收益，能够保障农民的生活，因为土地是农民的生活和生产资料。

　　“建立更加公平可持续的社会保障制度”

　　对外经济贸易大学管理学院副教授李长安

　　可持续是首次放在“社会保障制度”之前，不仅仅是指社会保障基金的可持续性，还包括了公平以及保障资金效率的可持续性。

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