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published in(发表于) 2013/11/13 7:22:38
Military experts talk about army reform： the song was too unwieldy

"Bulletin" extracts

Innovation and development of military doctrine, military strategic guidance, improve the military strategy in the new period, building a modern military force system with Chinese characteristics. To deepen military adjustment of personnel system reform, promoting the reform of military policy regime, promote the development of military and civilian integration depth.

To deepen comprehensive reforms in the area of education, improve institutional mechanisms for the promotion of employment, form a reasonable and orderly pattern of income distribution, build a more fair and sustainable social security system, deepening health system reform.

To sound natural resources asset property right system and use control systems, delineation of ecological protection of the red line, introduction of the resources paid use system and ecological compensation system, reform of the management system of eco-environmental protection.

Military reforms

Promote the development of military and civilian integration depth

Military experts said Song Zhongping, presented in the bulletin "to deepen military adjustment of personnel system reform, promote policy readjustment and reform of the army", the core is to streamline, optimize the structure of arms. Some classes are no longer needed, such as Cavalry, like the song too bloated. In addition, the district is unreasonable? Now, reform of the military structure is needed to optimize, to establish joint operations command, which is military restructuring may be a way to go. To reduce non-combatants, and increasing the proportion of soldiers and officers, front-line fighters, the more the better, to reduce the staff and command authority process.

Song Zhongping said that from the perspective of civil-military integration, consists of three parts, a civil-military integration is personnel, must cultivate most of the military-civilian dual-use staff to create mutual guarantee mechanisms between civil-military. Second, from an equipment perspective, to reach the combine forces with ways for civil forces can be involved in weapon equipment development, the introduction of competition mechanism, weapons and equipment more adaptable to future battlefields, as well as ways to broaden its military technology to civilian use. Third, the enforcement rights and military integration. Now law enforcement protection is borne by the Government, to strengthen the army and Government forces after the combine.

Social security

Establishment of a more equitable and sustainable social security system

"From people to further emphasize the promotion of fairness and justice, reflects the deepening of the reform. "Ding Ningning, a researcher at the development research center of the State Council said that" fairness and justice are not leveled, but to get everyone under conditions of equal basic public services, under the same legal environment of equal competition. Meanwhile, to make the social security system provides final support for people, people still full of hope when it encounters a problem. ”

People Hu Xiaoyi, Vice Minister of the Ministry recently discussed in detail how to implement the fairness and sustainability of the social security system.

First, the reform of the public pension system, the gradual elimination of a "two-pronged", "poor treatment".

At the same time, improvement of inter-regional transfer and renewal of social insurance policy, seize the development of new agricultural insurance, home insurance, employee pension insurance mutual cohesion policy, for the insured flowing open channels between the different systems. To offsite medical reimbursement inconvenience of problem, has implementation and prepared advance of solution measures, a is full achieved to city level and Manpower, solution same city range within by's County District of offsite medical problem; two is implementation province within networking settlement or provincial and Manpower, solution province within by's different city offsite medical costs settlement problem; three is to offsite placed of retired personnel for focus, built across province offsite medical settlement of platform way, and efforts built national across province calculation platform.

In addition, to promote social security for urban and rural. New Bulgarian and the integration into a unified basic old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents, but also to integrate basic medical insurance system for urban and rural residents and operate services to enable farmers and urban residents can choose unified pay grades, and enjoy equal treatment associated with them.

Form a reasonable and orderly pattern of income distribution

"The people are most concerned about the income distribution system reform of the reform, there was concern before, this reform will include the reform of ' top design ', which is written in the communiqué of the third plenary meeting? "Last night, China (Hainan) reform and Development Research Institute Director Mr. Chi Fulin believes that reform of the income distribution plays an important role in the realization of social fairness and justice, and society as a whole are eagerly looking forward. Expected next in tax reform, equalization of basic public services and income will be more standardized policy.

Mr. Chi Fulin believes that current income distribution system reform the agreement pointcuts for "expanding", namely the expansion of middle-income people, avoiding the middle income trap. He suggested that the development of national-level "extended" plan, through a wide range of policies such as tax cuts, reduce the burden on the middle-income group.

Ecological civilization

Sound natural resources asset property right system

Xia Guang, Director of environment and economic policy research center of the Ministry of environmental protection said the bulletin 18 construction system of ecological civilization in the report further refined, and made a new point. This is the first time in the party's paper writes natural resources property right system and the control system, as well as the ecological protection of the red line. Through institutional reforms, institutional innovation to achieve eco-environmental protection, rather than just said "more", "improved technology", which is very important.

Xia Guang, said natural resources asset property right system mean, through reform, clear rights to natural resources, natural resources into manned assets, to prevent the misuse and overuse. Common things easy to overuse, such as a river, and when no one managed, we will emit many pollutants, but if this river used by someone, that this fellow is not going to let everyone just sewage. This "person" may be a collective, can be a local government, in a nutshell, is to make natural resources master, rather than a primary.

Xia Guang think, natural resources property system also can has many innovation of place, like now got town of construction, many farmers left has land, entered town, left left has many land, and tree, and grass, and water, these are is natural resources, people go has on abandoned has, future can through "ecological Manor economic", and "ecological forestry", and "ecological agricultural", way, put these Heath of utilization handed has capital of people or company, certainly cannot excessive development, in comply with legal regulations, control emissions standard of premise Xia, In the Heath eco-agriculture, tourism, part of the gains to land owners, in part, into the capital of the people, part of the local farmers.

Had taken steps in terms of military and civilian integration over the years has achieved some success, but still need development in depth, the so-called depth development is to strengthen the development of military and civilian integration of strategic planning, institutional mechanisms and regulatory system development. --National Defense University Professor Jiang Hanbin

Social security as an important means to redistribute national income, to pay more attention to fairness. At present, reflect a more prominent, first, the system is not fair, the second is unfair, three were in urban and rural areas is not fair. These three issues, will be the next focus of the reform of the social security system. --Department of the Deputy Minister Hu Xiaoyi

This version of interview statements/Beijing News reporter Wang Shu Jin Yu Wei Ming yan Xin Yu

(Original title: the adjustment of personnel system reform in the army)

　　【公报摘录】

　　●创新发展军事理论，加强军事战略指导，完善新时期军事战略方针，构建中国特色现代军事力量体系。要深化军队体制编制调整改革，推进军队政策制度调整改革，推动军民融合深度发展。

　　●要深化教育领域综合改革，健全促进就业创业体制机制，形成合理有序的收入分配格局，建立更加公平可持续的社会保障制度，深化医药卫生体制改革。

　　●要健全自然资源资产产权制度和用途管制制度，划定生态保护红线，实行资源有偿使用制度和生态补偿制度，改革生态环境保护管理体制。

　　军队改革

　　推动军民融合深度发展

　　军事专家宋忠平表示，公报中提出“要深化军队体制编制调整改革，推进军队政策制度调整改革”，核心就是精兵简政，优化军兵种的结构。有一些兵种是否已经不需要，比如骑兵，比如文工团是否过于臃肿。另外，军区是否配置不合理？现在的军区结构是否需要优化改革，建立联合作战司令部，这就是军区结构调整可能会走的一条路。还要减少非战斗人员，增加士兵和军官的比例，让一线战斗人员越多越好，要减少机关的人员和指挥流程。

　　宋忠平说，从军民融合角度来看，包括三部分，一是人员的军民融合，应该培养大部分军地两用人员，军民之间要形成相互保障的机制。二是从装备的角度，要达到寓军于民的方式，让民间力量能参与武器装备研制，引进竞争机制，让武器装备更加适应未来战场，同时还要想方设法把军事技术向民用推广。三是执法维权和军事斗争的融合。现在执法维权是由政府来承担，以后要加强军队力量和政府力量的结合。

　　社会保障

　　建立更公平可持续社会保障制度

　　“从以人为本到进一步强调促进公平正义，体现了改革的不断深化。”国务院发展研究中心研究员丁宁宁说，“公平正义不是拉平，而是要让大家在享受同等基本公共服务的条件下，在同样的法治环境下平等竞争。与此同时，要让社会保障体制为人民群众提供最后的支持，让人民在遇到问题时仍然充满希望。”

　　人社部副部长胡晓义不久前详细论述了如何实现社会保障制度的公平性和可持续性。

　　首先，改革机关事业单位养老金制度，逐步消除“双轨制”，“待遇差”。

　　同时，完善社会保险跨地区转移接续政策，抓紧制订新农保、城居保、职工养老保险相互衔接的政策，为参保人员在不同制度间流动打开通道。对异地就医报销不便的问题，已经实施和准备推进的解决措施，一是全面实现地市级统筹，解决同一城市范围内所辖县区的异地就医问题；二是推行省内联网结算或省级统筹，解决省内所辖不同城市异地就医费用结算问题；三是以异地安置的退休人员为重点，搭建跨省异地就医结算的平台办法，并努力搭建国家级跨省计算平台。

　　此外，推进社会保险城乡统筹。将新农保和城居保整合为统一的城乡居民基本养老保险制度，还要整合城乡居民基本医疗保险制度和经办服务，使农民和城镇居民都可以在统一的缴费档次中选择，并享受与之相关的同等待遇。

　　形成合理有序的收入分配格局

　　“收入分配制度改革是百姓最关注的改革内容，之前还有担心，这项改革会不会纳入到改革的‘顶层设计’中，也就是写入三中全会的会议公报中？”昨晚，中国(海南)改革发展研究院院长迟福林认为，收入分配改革在实现社会公平正义中扮演着重要的角色，全社会都非常期盼。预计下一步在财税体制改革、基本公共服务均等化以及收入规范化等方面将会有更多政策出台。

　　迟福林认为，当下，收入分配制度改革最契合的切入点为“扩中”，即扩大中等收入人群比例，规避中等收入陷阱。他建议，制定国家层级的“扩中”规划，通过大范围减税等政策，减少中等收入人群的负担。

　　生态文明

　　健全自然资源资产产权制度

　　环保部环境与经济政策研究中心主任夏光表示，这次公报对十八大报告中生态文明建设制度进一步细化，并提出了新的点。这是第一次在党的文件中写入了自然资源资产产权制度和用途管制制度，以及生态保护红线。通过制度的改革，制度的创新来实现生态环境保护，而不只是以前说的“增加投入”、“改进技术”这些，这很重要。

　　夏光表示，自然资源资产产权制度的意思是，通过改革，明确自然资源的权利主体，让自然资源变成有人负责的资产，防止滥用和过度使用。公用的东西容易过度使用，比如一条河流，没有人管理的时候，大家会往里面排放很多的污染物，但如果规定这条河流归某人所用，那这个人就不会让大家随便排污。这个“人”可以是集体，可以是地方政府，总而言之，是让自然资源变得有主，而不是无主。

　　夏光认为，自然资源产权制度还可以有很多创新的地方，比如现在搞城镇化建设，很多农民离开了土地，进入城里，遗留下了很多土地、树、草、水，这些都是自然资源，人走了就荒废了，今后可以通过“生态庄园经济”、“生态林业”、“生态农业”等方式，把这些荒地的开发利用交给有资本的人或公司，当然不能过度开发，在遵守法律法规，控制排放标准的前提下，在这些荒地搞生态农业，旅游业等，得到的收益一部分给土地的主人，一部分给投入资本的人，一部分给当地农民。

　　这些年在军民融合方面已经迈出了步子，取得了一定成效，但是还需要深度发展，所谓深度发展就是要加强军民融合式发展的战略规划，做好体制机制建设和法规制度建设。 ——国防大学教授姜汉斌

　　社会保障作为国民收入再分配的重要手段，要更加注重公平。目前，社会反映比较突出的，一是制度不公平，二是区域不公平，三是城乡不公平。而上述三大问题，将是下一步社会保障制度改革的重点。 ——人社部副部长胡晓义

　　本版采写/新京报记者 王姝 金煜 魏铭言 闫欣雨

(原标题：深化军队体制编制调整改革)

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