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The author:(作者)归海一刀published in(发表于) 2013/11/14 2:58:23 Anhui： circulation of rural residential land use are not “marketable“
Beijing News News yesterday, Anhui provincial government in official website publishing Guide views, decided in province 20 a County (district) carried out rural integrated reform model pilot work, has media will this interpretation for "farmers can sale Homestead", on this, last night Anhui Province homeland Office about people on Beijing News reporter said, this is on file of errors read, file in the called "can circulation using Homestead", is not is "sale".
Guide to transfer of new agricultural enterprises
On November 12, the Anhui provincial government Web site announced the provincial government to deepen comprehensive rural reform in Anhui demonstration pilot guidance (hereinafter referred to as observations).
Comments pointed out that agricultural enterprises in Anhui are fostered the development of new, evolving based on the household contract management, professional major, family farms, farmers ' cooperatives, agricultural industrialization leading enterprises as the backbone, supplemented by other organizations in the form of a new agricultural management system, by 2015, and new agricultural enterprises covers contracting farmland 50%, significantly increased agricultural production intensification and specialization.
In order to encourage the development of agricultural enterprises, Anhui will support at the policy level. Opinions, establish and improve the incentive mechanism for circulation of land contract and management rights, and guide the transfer of lands to the new agricultural enterprises, land areas around the larger, longer-term projects can be combined with practical rewards, give priority to agricultural development, farmland, land improvement and other projects.
By 2015 rural land right registration
The focus of the biggest problem is to explore the new mechanism of rural land circulation.
Pointed out that, first of all, collective ownership of land, in Anhui Province committed to each with a farmers ' group to take ownership of, by 2015 all of rural collective construction land, agricultural land, unused land and rural areas within the scope of State-owned land property registration certificate full coverage.
Comments pointed out that unity of pluralistic rural land markets. Allows the transfer of collective construction land through transfer, rental, leasing, investment, law, inter alia, transferring, for industrial, commercial, residential construction, and tourism and farmers.
In addition, the Homestead established exit compensation incentives. Upholding the principle of voluntary, paid, explore Homestead out of compensation motivation mechanism consistent with farmers ' legitimate demands. Established farmers by the circulation mode using other Homestead rural collective economic organizations of the system.
Case
Thousands of acres of land farmers worry-mixed
Recently, Yongqiao District in Suzhou city of Anhui Province ushered in a new thing--land trust, rural land use rights as trust property, entrusted to the management and administration of trust companies, which regularly receive trust income.
Authorities widely reported, Yongqiao District Temple village Shen Jialiang Zhu now flows to the home and 15 acres of a modern agricultural investment company. Shen Jialiang said the contract fee is 1000 kilograms of wheat. An acre of land a year income, reaching more than 1000, my rest period in time, and can also go out to work, may also get part of their income.
Yongqiao District Yongli village farmers, Mr HO said in an interview with the Beijing News reporter, is doing the land in the village recently, said per acre per year to 1000 Yuan, transfer of arable land to a company to plant trees. This year, more than 60 years old, he is very reluctant about this.
"I wanted to farm and unwilling to give him. "He said that he and his wife of more than 60 years old, out of work and no one can only rely on a dozen acres of the family income. If you are a dozen acres of his own land, planted cash crops such as cotton, peanuts, an annual income of more than 30,000 yuan, and handed over to the village stream, the income of more than 10,000 yuan a year.
And Homestead will have flow approach, Mr HO said, "I get housing, sold the House to go to where to live? ”
In response, Yongli village head Chen said, the village intends to transfer focus 2000 acres of land and gave them to rural enterprises, greenhouses and silvicultural.
Chen said that according to the Township's fit for circulation compensation prices and compensation 1000 kg of wheat per acre per year, wheat prices was 1.2 Yuan this year, can earn more than 1000 bucks a year. Net income of peasant farming that were about. While land conversion, transfer of land, farmers can also work on, or you can go out to work.
Realities of farmers reluctant to transfer Chen acknowledged. He said that farmers are not supported is mainly advocacy is inadequate, farmers did not settle accounts. Present difficulties is that awareness level is different, some work well to do a bit and work a little harder to do, a great deal of work needs to be done.
In response to
Land and natural resources of Anhui Province: media error reading file
Land experts say, collective construction land use right transfer has not been legally established. State land administration law on rural land, rural construction land has clear limits.
63rd of the land management Act provides: "collective land use rights may not be sold, transferred or leased for non-agricultural construction, but consistent with the land use plan and shall obtain land for construction companies due to bankruptcies, mergers and other circumstance except for the transfer of land use right according to law. ”
Therefore, in addition to the township (town) outside the village, construction of public facilities and public welfare undertakings, collective economic organization members can use the land business or housing of collective economic organizations, but apart from bankruptcies, mergers, and of land may not be sold, transferred or leased.
Yesterday, the observations are reported in the media, Anhui farmers in 20 counties and districts, called "sale" House.
In this regard, the Anhui provincial Department of land and people said, "sale" misreading of the Homestead is on file, comments relating to the Homestead, "establishment of farmers by the circulation mode using other Homestead rural collective economic organizations", but use of circulation of, not sale.
Experts contend
Reform faces legal restrictions
Yesterday, the College of agriculture and rural development, Renmin University Professor Zheng Fengtian said rural construction land market in the exploration of the reform in many parts, trying to be useful, concrete but also the later practice of how it works.
Zheng Fengtian said, today too many institutional barriers for land reform. Information disclosed by the Anhui Provincial Government has issued this file are not extensive, is vague. But for rural construction land management and/or circulation belongs to set aside the laws of reform.
Zheng Fengtian said the plenary session suggested that giving farmers more property rights, concerning the right to exit. But now the State law does not explicitly farmers ' right of secession, if you quit their homestead to another village to buy a House, is not allowed by law.
Rural collective construction land is divided into two blocks, one House, another piece of business, such as land for town and township enterprises. Homestead releases, limited property rights housing opening, house prices are getting out of control. Operating sites up, current land monopoly was broken, has a monopoly on local government, which moved their cheese.
Opening the rural collectives and farmers ' income will increase significantly. City residents will also enjoy the price to reduce dividends.
Rural construction land cannot transfer
Li Changping, a researcher at Hebei University of China rural development research centre believes that rural construction land cannot flow.
Rural land for construction, the law allows only farmers of insider trading, not allowed to go to the market to buy or sell. "That's the bottom line. ”
Said Li Changping, urbanization, industrialization, land is needed for development, shall, in accordance with the national land law, "farmer turns non-". But the reality is, there are many cases of illegal use of rural land for construction, there are many small property appear, for these cases, the State should crack down, be punished. Rather than in the name of reform, so that they become, this is equal to the previous laws were rejected.
Li Changping believes that farmer's housing land can enter the market, for a large number of rich people is a good thing, and for farmers is desirable. If a homestead entry, the land prices would be lower, today's land prices are so high because of the controls, opening its land has no price, farmer's housing land would be more valuable.
Li Changping said that existing land laws and regulations, from the Constitution to the land, basic farmland protection ordinances, land administration is a complete legal system. If the collective land entry would break the legal system as a whole.
New mechanism of farmland in Anhui Province
Before the end of 2015 to achieve rural collective land property registration certificate
Unity of pluralistic rural land market
Rural collective economic organizations of farmers by circulation mode by using other Homestead
This version writing tuzhonghang interns/Beijing news reporters Xu Oulou Jia Shiyu
(Original title: pilot rural construction land in Anhui Province)
新京报讯 前日，安徽省政府在官网发布指导意见，决定在全省20个县(区)开展农村综合改革示范试点工作，有媒体将此解读为“农民可以买卖宅基地”，对此，昨晚安徽省国土厅有关人士对新京报记者表示，这是对文件的误读，文件中称之为“可以流转使用宅基地”，并非是“买卖”。
引导土地向新型农业经营主体流转
11月12日，安徽省政府网站公布《安徽省政府关于深化农村综合改革示范试点工作的指导意见》(以下简称意见)。
意见指出，安徽将大力培育发展新型农业经营主体，逐步形成以家庭承包经营为基础，专业大户、家庭农场、农民合作社、农业产业化龙头企业为骨干，其他组织形式为补充的新型农业经营体系，力争到2015年，新型农业经营主体经营面积占承包耕地50%以上，明显提高农业生产的集约化、专业化程度。
为了鼓励农业经营主体的发展，安徽将在政策上给予扶持。意见提出，建立健全土地承包经营权流转激励机制，引导土地向新型农业经营主体流转，对土地流转面积大、期限较长的项目各地可结合实际给予奖励，优先安排农业综合开发、农田基本建设、土地整治等项目。
2015年实现农村土地确权登记
该意见中最大的焦点问题在于探索农村土地流转新机制的表述。
意见指出，首先，安徽省将集体土地所有权确定到每个具有所有权的农民集体，2015年底前实现农村集体所有的建设用地、农用地、未利用地和农村范围内的国有土地确权登记发证全覆盖。
意见指出，将建立多元统一的农村土地市场。允许集体建设用地通过出让、租赁、作价出资、转让、出租等方式依法进行流转，用于工业、商业、旅游和农民住宅小区建设等。
另外，建立宅基地退出补偿激励机制。坚持自愿、有偿原则，探索建立符合农民合理需求的宅基地退出补偿激励机制。建立农民通过流转方式使用其他农村集体经济组织宅基地的制度。
■ 案例
数千亩地流转 农民有喜有忧
最近，安徽省宿州市埇桥区迎来了一个新鲜事物——土地流转信托，将农村土地使用权作为信托财产，委托给信托公司进行经营管理，从而定期获得信托收益。
据央广报道，埇桥区朱庙村村民沈加亮如今就把家里的十五亩地流转给了一家现代农业投资公司。沈加亮说，承包费是一千斤小麦。一亩地一年的收入，达到一千多，我在农闲的时间，还可以出去打工，也能得到一部分收入。
而埇桥区永历乡农民何先生在接受新京报记者采访时说，最近村里正在搞土地流转，说是每亩地每年给1000元，将耕地流转给一家公司种树。今年60多岁的他对此很不情愿。
“我想种地，不愿意给他。”他说，自己和老伴都60多岁，出去打工没有人要，只能依靠家里的十几亩地收入。如果他自己种这十几亩地，种棉花、花生等经济作物，一年收入3万多元，而交给村里流转，一年只有一万多元的收入。
而对于宅基地也将会有流转的办法，何先生说，“我得住房，卖了房上哪儿住去？”
对此，永历乡一陈姓负责人说，乡里打算流转集中出来2000亩地，交给农村企业搞大棚和育林。
陈某说，按照乡里的流转补偿价格也很合适，每年每亩补偿1000斤小麦，今年小麦收购价是1块2毛6，一年能挣1000多块钱。这跟农民种地的纯收入差不多。同时土地流转出来，农民还可以在流转的土地上打工，也可以出去打工。
对于农民不太情愿流转的现实陈某也承认。他说，农民不是很拥护，主要是宣传力度不够，农民也没有算清账。现在的困难就是，人们认识程度不一样，有的工作好做一点，有的工作难做一点，需要做大量工作。
■ 回应
安徽国土厅：媒体误读文件
有土地方面的专家表示，集体建设用地使用权流转并没有得到合法的确立。国家土地管理法对农村宅基地、农村建设用地有明确的限制。
《土地管理法》第63条规定：“集体土地使用权不得出让、转让或出租用于非农业建设；但是，符合土地利用总体规划并依法取得建设用地的企业，因破产、兼并等情形致使土地使用权依法发生转移的除外。”
因此，除了乡(镇)村公共设施和公益事业建设外，集体经济组织成员可以使用本集体经济组织的土地办企业或建住房，但除企业破产、兼并外，土地使用权不得出让、转让或出租。
昨日，有媒体对于该意见进行报道，称之为安徽20个县区的农民可“买卖”宅基地。
对此，安徽省国土厅有关人士表示，“买卖”宅基地是对文件的误读，意见中涉及宅基地的，是“建立农民通过流转方式使用其他农村集体经济组织宅基地”，只是流转的方式使用，并非买卖。
■ 专家争锋
改革试点面临法律制约
昨日，中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院教授郑风田说，农村建设用地入市很多地方都在探索改革，尝试是有益的，具体还要看以后实践的效果如何。
郑风田说，目前土地改革面临太多的制度障碍。安徽省政府出台的这个文件透露的信息还不是很多，很模糊。但是对于农村建设用地、宅基地流转属于跳出法律的改革。
郑风田说，三中全会提出，赋予农民更多的财产权，其中就涉及退出权。但现在国家的法律就没有明确农民宅基地的退出权，如果退出自己的宅基地去别的村庄买房子，法律是不允许的。
目前农村集体建设用地分两块，一块是宅基地，另一块是经营性用地，如乡镇企业用地。如果宅基地放开，等于小产权房开闸，房价要失控。经营性用地放开，目前的征地垄断就被打破，对于拥有垄断权的基层政府来讲，这等于动了他们的奶酪。
放开后农村集体与农民收益会大增。城市居民也会享受房价降低红利。
农村建设用地不能流转
河北大学中国乡村建设研究中心研究员李昌平认为，农村建设用地不能流转。
农村建设用地，法律规定只允许在农民内部交易，不允许去市场上买卖的。“这是底线。”
李昌平说，如今发展城镇化、工业化需要土地，就应按照国家土地法律，进行“农转非”。而现实情况是，有很多非法使用农村建设用地的情况，有很多小产权房出现，对于这些情况，国家应该严厉打击，进行处罚。而不是以改革的名义，让他们转正，这等于把前面的法律都否定了。
李昌平认为，农民的宅基地如果可以进入市场交易，对于大量有钱人是好事，而对于农民来说并非有利。如果宅基地进入市场，土地价格将降低，如今的土地价格是因为管制才这么高，放开后，土地就没有价了，农民的宅基地将更不值钱。
李昌平说，现有的土地法律法规，从宪法到土地法、基本农田保障条例，土地征用管理条例是一套完善的法律体系。如果集体土地可入市交易，将打破整个土地法律体系。
安徽土地流转新机制
2015年底前实现农村集体所有土地确权登记发证
建立多元统一的农村土地市场
农民通过流转方式使用其他农村集体经济组织宅基地
本版采写/新京报记者涂重航 实习生 徐欧露 贾世煜
(原标题：安徽试点农村建设用地流转)
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