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The author:(作者)归海一刀published in(发表于) 2013/11/14 3:05:44 Experts on secret National Security Council is a world power in the standard configuration
18 of the day before closing plenary session, decided to establish a National Security Committee.
Earlier, China Central politics and Law Committee of the party and government bodies concerned with national security, the Central leading group of the national security, national security, and so on. 20 years ago, in 1993, the national people's Congress, the national security law, enacted in 1994, the State Council issued regulations, Chinese national security into legal track.
Still in its preparatory stage of China's National Security Committee, has not yet been unveiled. But insiders believe, suggesting that the new central leadership of the national security strategy and China's national security, will also be changed.
12th night, National Defense University Professor Xu Hui from news that the central message that decide to set up a National Security Council. He was not surprised about this, in his view, set the safety committees at the national level, has become an irresistible trend.
Prior to this, including many scholars, he had recommended the establishment of the National Security Council. In the view of scholars, China has the need to establish mechanisms for safeguarding national security.
China's fifth-largest State institutions?
Yesterday, said real-name authentication weibo, a standing body, the National Security Council, will become the fifth-largest national institutions. But this Tweet was deleted after.
Earlier, in permanent establishment, party committees, Governments, the NPC and the CPPCC are called the four spokes. Although the "fifth largest State institutions" is unsubstantiated, but it was generally believed that it will be a high-level body, will lead China's national security adviser.
On the institutional setting, the Military Academy of Sciences, said Luo Yuan, Deputy Secretary of the world military research, seen from central importance, National Security Committee will not be lower than the Central leading group on national security, the man in charge is likely to be the country's top leaders.
Military scholar who declined to be named said that as the functions of the National Security Council will involve the army, armed police, public security, national security and other agencies, it is possible by the direct leadership of the CPC Central Committee, a straight line of the CPC Central Committee. After the establishment of the National Security Council, here and set up an appropriate body to coordinate security around work.
Li Wei, Director of China Institute of contemporary international relations terrorism Research Center, the Commission ought to be a coordinating body to co-ordinate co-ordinate work involving national security.
Xu Hui considered two scenarios are possible, if the head of the country's Supreme Leader, the Commission is the highest decision-making body on national security, membership may include involving the ministries in charge of national security. If by some other senior leaders led members to involve the ministries in charge of national security, is a policy advisory body of the Commission. Under it, may have permanent administrative body and is responsible for the communication and coordination with departments, and summary information to make suggestions.
"At least an above average the think tank's highest advisory body. "Xu Hui said, it will have two important tasks, develop a comprehensive national security strategy to deal with major crises and safeguard national security.
Multiple agencies "on their own"
In the existing Central Party and Government organs, in the name of "national security" has two: the Central leading group for State security and national security.
"Group" was established in 2000, is responsible for Foreign Affairs, national security, critical issues in the field of decision-making, co-located with the Central Foreign Affairs leading group, is responsible for external security.
Based on publicly available information, the Panel was chaired by the President, Vice President and Deputy group leader, and members including Deputy Prime Minister responsible for Foreign Affairs or the State, as well as Foreign Affairs, defense, Commerce, public security, national security, State Office of Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office, head of the overseas Chinese Affairs Office, the new Office and other departments, as well as the party and the military system of the relevant person.
State security forces rarely appears in public view.
This institution was established in 1983, is an internal body, responsible for the investigation provided for in the Penal Code "endangering national security" crimes, such as cases involving leaking State secrets and defections, spies, may exercise the investigative powers, such as detention, arrest. Chongqing Vice Mayor Wang Lijun desertion cases, investigation by the national security sector.
In fact, far more than those associated with the national security agency. Central politics and Law Committee, the Ministry of public security, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of defence and other departments and also at CTU, the Central leading group for marine rights and interests, and so on.
A military scholar told Xinhua that because of the large national security-related agencies, at present both the external and the internal, to some extent "it's everyone's problem. In the intelligence judgments, there may be inconsistencies in the Defense Department and national security sector, in the absence of effective communication can lead to inefficiencies in decision-making.
"The current departments ' operation specializing in ' and the absence of a strong national core institutions and manpower analysis, coordination of security services. "The scholar said that the urgent need of a super sector, authoritative bodies, coordination, work effectively.
"The lack of coordination, can cause a great deal of passive. "The Chinese Academy of social sciences researcher at the Institute of world economy and politics Shen Ji said, must be a Committee at the national level, to overcome the interference and exclude interest groups in decision-making.
National Defense University Professor Li daguang, think "compartmentalized" problem will be solved, no ventilation and no coordination will be eliminated, when the National Security Council, will become the hub of decision-making and coordination for national security affairs.
Standard configuration of world power
In fact, "National Security Council" has become the standard of many of the world's powers, such as the United States and Russia.
United States Commission on national security (National Security Council, NSC for short) is a United States presidential national security and Foreign Affairs at the highest level of the rules of procedure of the mechanism, responsibilities include making recommendations to the President on national security and Foreign Affairs for coordination among various government departments.
United States the NSC was set up in 1947 under the national security law. At that time, as the cold war deepens, United States urgently needed a more efficient and more capable of coordinating bodies.
This body chaired by the President, statutory members include the Vice President, the Secretaries of State and defense. Chaired by the Assistant to the President for national security affairs, is responsible for the daily work.
On events related to require presidential decisions, NSC meeting. This year, Obama announced the United States against Syria before military action was taken, he was reported to all members to attend the NSC meeting, members had a "heated discussion".
Director of the China Institute of international studies, interpretation of music stars said, because this institution mainly responsible for monitoring the international situation, policy recommendations, and therefore has a certain coordination functions.
Xu Hui introduced, United States National Security Council, focused on external security, internal security by the Homeland Security Department.
Russian Security Council is Russia's top security decision-making body, established in 1992, whose function is to review important State and social security building, develop an integrated national security policy, President President of the Conference.
China institutes of contemporary international relations, Russia introduce Feng Yujun, Director of the Institute, the agency emergency consultations and decision-making on a number of major developments, including the issue of Yeltsin's war in Chechnya, Kosovo, and so on.
Shen Ji told the Beijing News reporter, United States and Russia and other members of the national security of the country are more flexible: meet, nothing to open it.
These are just for reference. Wei said that different countries have different systems, different role and position of Committee on national security.
China's "national security strategy"
In the investigator's view, China setting up a safety Committee not because environment has undergone significant change, but a change in security concepts.
Xu Hui told reporters that up to now, China has not yet published a clear comprehensive national security strategy. Content scattered across the Government documents related to national security. A major function of the National Security Council is the formulation of national security strategy.
"In the past referred to the State security, first thought is foreign invasion. "Xu Hui said that security goes beyond the traditional idea of security now, but also, environmental pollution, social stability, terrorism, and non-traditional security, such as food safety.
"National security strategy includes not only military security, as well as political, economic, cultural, information, social stability, all-round security. "Xu Hui told Xinhua that it is combining.
"Developing and articulating this strategy will help to inform the world about China's long-term strategic intentions and objectives, clarify the speculation and misunderstanding about China 's. "Xu Hui said.
Shen Ji also noted that a security issue, such as tsunamis, typhoons, acute infectious diseases, financial turmoil, often involving many sectors, the need for coordinated action, require overall planning. As a big country, there must be a national security agency.
Li Wei, judgment, of the newly formed National Security Council, legalization and a higher degree of openness, but not too busy to deal with specific matters like a team before, and will not replace the existing functions of the State Department's work, "establishment of the National Security Council, would not be the establishment of a large organization."
"The transaction goes outside the framework, or when there's a major crisis event occurred, requiring the National Security Council intervention. "Li Wei said.
But a expert who asked not to be named told reporters that after the establishment of the National Security Council, Ministry of national security will become an integral part of the National Security Committee, reports to the national security authority, national security systems is not expected to have significant changes and adjustments.
Previously referred to national security, first thought is foreign invasion. Now security concepts beyond the traditional security, include, terrorism, environmental pollution and social stability, as well as non-traditional security, such as food safety.
--National Defense University Professor Xu Hui
Xiao Hui Chu Xinyan Xing Shiwei Beijing-Beijing news journalists reported
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(Original title: secret "State Security Committee")
前日闭幕的十八届三中全会，决定成立国家安全委员会。
此前，中国涉及国家安全的党政机构有中央政法委、中央国家安全领导小组、国家安全部等。在20年前的1993年，全国人大常委会颁行了国家安全法、1994年国务院发布实施细则，中国的国家安全进入法制化轨道。
尚在筹备中的中国国家安全委员会，尚未揭开神秘面纱。但知情人认为，这表明了中央领导层全新的国家安全战略，中国的国家安全格局，也将发生变化。
12日晚，国防大学教授徐辉从新闻上获悉了中央决定设置国家安全委员会的消息。对此他并未感到惊讶，在他看来，设置国家层面的安全委员会，已是大势所趋。
此前，包括他在内的很多学者曾建议设立国家安全委员会。在学者看来，中国已经到必须建立维护国家安全机制的时候了。
中国第五大国家机构？
昨天，有实名认证微博称，常设机构中，国家安全委员会将成我国第五大国家机构。但是这条微博后被删除。
此前，在常设机构中，党委、政府、人大、政协被称为四大班子。虽然“第五大国家机构”的说法未经证实，但是各方普遍认为，这将是一个高规格机构，将统领中国的国家安全事务。
在机构设置上，军事科学院世界军事研究部副部长罗援称，从中央的重视程度上看，国家安全委员会的级别不会低于中央国家安全领导小组，负责人很可能会是国家最高领导人。
一位不愿具名的军事学者表示，由于国家安全委员会的职能将涉及军队、武警、公安、国安等多个机构，它很可能由党中央直接领导，成为党中央直管机构。国家安全委员会成立后，各个地方也会设立相应机构，统筹各地安全工作。
在中国现代国际关系学院反恐研究中心主任李伟看来，委员会应该是一个协调机构，负责统筹协调各部门涉及国家安全的相关工作。
徐辉认为两种情况都是可能的，如果国家最高领导人担任负责人，委员会将是一个有关国家安全的最高决策机构，组成成员可能包括涉及国家安全的各部委主要负责人。如果由某位其他高层领导牵头，成员包含涉及国家安全的各部委主要负责人，委员会将是一个决策咨询机构。在它之下，可能会有常设的办事机构，负责与各部门沟通协调，汇总信息提供建议。
“至少是一个高于一般智库的最高咨询机构。”徐辉说，它会有两项重要任务，制定全方位的国家安全战略，处理重大危机事件和维护国家安全。
多个机构曾“各自为战”
现有中央党政机构中，名称中有“国家安全”字样的有两个：中央国家安全工作领导小组和国家安全部。
“小组”设立于2000年，负责对外事、国家安全工作领域的重大问题作出决策，与中央外事工作领导小组合署办公，主要负责对外安全。
根据公开资料，小组由国家主席、副主席担任正副组长，成员包括负责涉外事务的副总理或国务委员，以及外交、国防、商务、公安、国家安全、国台办、港澳办、侨办、国新办等部门负责人，以及党和军队系统的相关负责人。
国家安全部很少出现在民众视野。
这个机构成立于1983年，是一个对内机构，负责侦办刑法中规定的“危害国家安全”犯罪案件，例如，泄露国家机密、叛逃、间谍等案件，可以行使侦查拘留、逮捕等职权。重庆市原副市长王立军叛逃案件，就由国家安全部门侦办。
实际上，与国家安全相关的机构远不止这些。中央政法委、公安部、外交部、国防部等部门，还有国家反恐小组、中央海洋权益工作领导小组等。
一位军事学者告诉记者，由于国家安全相关部门众多，目前无论是对外还是对内，一定程度上存在“各自为战”的问题。比如在情报判断上，有可能出现国防部门和国家安全部门不一致的情况，如果缺乏有效沟通，会导致决策效率低下。
“当前各个部门‘术有专攻’，缺少一个强有力的国家安全事务核心机构统筹分析、协调。”这位学者说，亟须一个超部门、权威性的机构，协调多方力量，高效工作。
“协调不够，可能造成很大的被动。”中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所研究员沈骥如表示，必须是国家层次的委员会，才能克服和排除利益集团对决策的干扰。
国防大学教授李大光认为“条块分割”的问题将得到解决，不通气和不协调也会消除，届时国家安全委员会将成为国家安全事务决策和协调的中枢。
世界强国的标准配置
事实上，“国家安全委员会”已经成为世界上很多强国的标准配置，比如美国和俄罗斯。
美国国家安全委员会(National Security Council，简称NSC)是由美国总统主持的最高级别的国家安全及外交事务的议事机制，职责主要是向总统提出建议，就国家安全和外交事务在各个政府部门间进行协调。
美国的NSC是在1947年根据国家安全法设立的。当时，随着冷战的日益加深，美国急需一个更为有效率、更有协调能力的机构。
这个机构由总统任主席，法定成员包括副总统、国务卿和国防部长。日常工作由总统的国家安全事务助理负责主持。
在涉及需要总统决策的大事上，NSC就开会商讨。在今年奥巴马宣布美国应该对叙利亚采取军事行动之前，据报道他在全体成员参加的NSC会议上，与成员们进行了“激烈的讨论”。
中国国际问题研究所所长曲星解读说，由于这一机构主要负责跟踪国际形势、提出政策建议，因此具有一定的协调功能。
徐辉介绍，美国国家安全委员会主要针对国外安全，对内安全由国土安全部负责。
俄罗斯联邦安全会议是俄罗斯安全方面的最高决策机构，于1992年建立，其职能是审议重要的国家和社会安全建设，制定统一的国家安全政策，总统任会议主席。
据中国现代国际关系研究院俄罗斯研究所所长冯玉军介绍，该机构也就一系列重大事态进行紧急磋商和决策，包括叶利钦时期车臣问题、科索沃战争问题等。
沈骥如告诉新京报记者，美国和俄罗斯等大国的国家安全委员都比较灵活：有事开会，没事不开。
这些也只是参考。李伟说，不同国家有不同的体制，各国国家安全委员会的角色和定位也不同。
中国的“国家安全战略”
在研究者看来，中国成立安全委员会并不是因为环境发生了重大变化，而是安全观念发生了转变。
徐辉告诉记者，到现在，我国还没有公开发表过一套明确完整的国家安全战略。有关国家安全方面的内容散见于政府文件。而国家安全委员会的一个重大职能就是制定国家安全战略。
“以前提到国家安全，首先想到的是外敌入侵。”徐辉说，现在的安全观念超越了传统安全，还包括，环境污染、社会稳定、恐怖主义，以及食品安全等非传统安全。
“国家安全大战略不仅包含军事安全，还包含政治、经济、文化、信息、社会稳定等全方位安全。”徐辉告诉记者，这是内外兼顾的。
“制定并发表这个战略，将有利于让世界了解中国长远的战略意图和目标，澄清外界对中国的猜测和误解。”徐辉说。
沈骥如也注意到：一个安全问题，比如海啸、台风、急性传染病、金融风暴，经常涉及许多部门，必须协同动作，需要整体策划。作为一个大国，必须有一个国家层面的安全应对机构。
李伟判断，新组建的国家安全委员会，法制化和公开化的程度要更高，而且不会像之前的小组一样忙于处理具体事务，也不会取代现有国家职能部门的工作，“建立国家安全委员会，不会是再建立一个庞大的机构”。
“在事务处理偏离了框架，或者有重大危机事件出现的时候，才需要国家安全委员会介入。”李伟说。
但是一位要求匿名的专家告诉记者，在国家安全委员会设立后，国家安全部会成为国安委的一个组成部门，向国安委汇报工作，国家安全系统预计不会有大的变化和调整。
以前提到国家安全，首先想到的是外敌入侵。现在的安全观念超越了传统安全，还包括，环境污染、社会稳定、恐怖主义，以及食品安全等非传统安全。
——国防大学教授徐辉
□新京报记者 萧辉 储信艳 邢世伟 北京报道
先前报道：
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他国经验：
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(原标题：揭秘“国家安全委员会”)
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