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The author:(作者)归海一刀published in(发表于) 2013/11/14 3:06:36 Foreign media focus on setting up a National Security Council to China and the South China Sea collision example
With top design perfect security mechanisms adopted United States modelled on response to sudden crisis
"Global times reported," "without a doubt, China set up the National Security Council, terrorists have tensions and separatist tension, nervous of extremist. Anyway, those who wanted to threaten and undermine China's national security forces nervous. "Chinese Foreign Ministry Spokesman Qin Gang at a regular press conference, 13th remarks, China has decided to set up" national security "influence and deterrence that mockingbird. Some scholars believe that 18 proposed to set up the third plenary session of the "national security", is China's national security, "pinch fingers hold the fist". Some scholars emphasized that this "top design" is important, the purpose is to improve national security systems and national security strategy, and ensuring national security. In China, "National Security Council" when you came into being, and Japan in preparation for the country's "national security". Aiming to describe two versions of the "national security" is a foreign and security policy in China and Japan, "the Conning Tower". The coincidence with China, "National Security Council" more a matter of concern.
The establishment of "national security", focusing on top
News of the establishment of the National Security Council, was excited by Chinese netizens. According to global network 13th for of network investigation, has 96.9% of netizens think, China very needs "Guoan will" such Super sector of authoritative institutions; 89.7% of people think, established "Guoan will" reflect out China of strategy confident; 95.3% of people optimistic to think, "Guoan will" established Hou can effective integration the sector power, and upgrade China diplomatic and security decision-making of coordination and implementation capacity.
Qu Xing, 13th Director, China Institute of international studies, said in an interview with the newspaper reporter, some scholars describe to be established, "National Security Council" is to make national security "pinch fingers hold the fist", this analogy is interesting. Qu Xing said, China also has functions to ensure national security, "National Security Council" set up will greatly strengthen the coordination between the various relevant departments and play together, integration of resources and help to upgrade at the decision-making levels, further strengthening the security functions of the State of play. States, "National Security Council" nature of the institutions is generally led by the head of State directly, which means that it responded more quickly. Counterterrorism expert Li Wei of China believes that "national security" focuses on the national level, from a more comprehensive perspective to resolve and address the root causes of terrorism, soil resistance problems. Current early warning, prevention and treatment in China related agencies of a terrorist organization, but the focus is not "top design", the "national security" is from the greater scope to address the issue of terrorism, terrorism entered a more favourable direction.
A grass-roots people in national security told reporters the global times, the existing Office of the Central leading group on Foreign Affairs/national security work and less staffing, front-line staff are seconded from departments, mobility and do not have adequate manpower and resources to responding to major emergencies, as well as tracking, analyzing and coordinating the day-to-day affairs. Due to national security affairs area of constantly expansion, has from past traditional of political, and diplomatic, and military, area, expansion to financial, and financial, and network, and drug counter-terrorism, and major infectious diseases, and natural disasters, and social stable, non-traditional area, professional sexual more strong, involves sector more wide, has some institutions has cannot do most authority to to coordination, and integration the sector power, often only acts as a Shang sent report of "mouthpieces", and specific executive and supervision still referred to the related sector, cannot formed integrated Heli. Thus, "National Security Council" set up, you can avoid phenomena such as inadequate ventilation, lack of co-ordination among departments.
A variety of international public opinion: "the Conning Tower" or the KGB?
China set up a "National Security Council" also attracted the attention of the international community. South Africa ex-Minister Pahad to 13th in the global times, an interview with a reporter, said, China is a rapidly developing country, as authorities to maintain national security and stability, China will set up "national security" in the national security policy development and coordination among different sectors will play an important role. Hong Kong, the South China Morning Post, 13th comment was: "China's leaders decided to set up a ' national security ': an emerging superpower is facing growing stability challenges at home and abroad. Observers said the new organisation is intended to avoid a fragmentation of the relevant departments. In recent years, Beijing's foreign policy has shifted gradually from a low profile is more active. It is widely believed that the Communists have more confidence in the leadership, especially in Japan, the Philippines and other countries when a territorial dispute. ”
Media in America, Japan and Russia, the nuclear issue on the Korean peninsula and other regional security hotspot, ratcheted up the South China Sea issue, "Tibet independence" and "Xinjiang independence" separatist activities, due to pollution and illegal expropriation of land mass event is raised, China set up a "national security" reasons. Bloomberg United States media reported on 13th, China's "national security" is a United States National Security Council "blueprint", and it has the potential to help China to better respond to sudden crises. Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of technology study on China's relations with neighbouring countries of taile·fulaweier says: "in the past 10 years, China has been in discussions for the establishment of similar to United States National Security Council bodies to coordinate national security policy." United States media said "a chronic lack of coordination between the military and civilian leadership, you had us in crisis, when China's leaders could not be contacted", with examples "in April 2001, the South China Sea after the collision incident, United States officials reply after waiting for a few days to get the Chinese side". Quoting United States former Deputy Secretary of State Richard Armitage as saying: "it seems whenever there are very, very difficult issue, it would be difficult to get through the Chinese people's phones. "In a number of United States public opinion, China," National Security Council "set up made these" difficult "is no longer present.
Japan the daily news to China, "National Security Council" and Japan is creating "national security meetings" than into their diplomatic and security policies, "the Conning Tower". Reported that the recent Tiananmen China Golden Bridge explosion near storm events and the Shanxi provincial party Committee, reflects China's internal security situation of instability. Around the Diaoyu Islands as well as the South China Sea, China, Japan, the Philippines and other countries in tense rivalries. "The National Security Council" established will further improve the response to the above questions response system at home and abroad.
"Russia" voice of Web site on 12th quoted Russian intelligence agency veterans Vice President maliewanei as saying, at present many of the world's countries in strengthening their national security agencies. Russian experts believe that China set up a "National Security Council" will not pose a threat to Russian national security and contributes to our common fight against terrorism and cyber-crime, "China in Russia's intelligence activities and will not be enhanced". Funny thing is, Russian media "KGB" misinterpretation "KGB". The Leningrad Pravda published on 13th, entitled "China's decision to rebuild the KGB" articles, set up in China, "National Security Council" message said that the Soviet-era National Security Council is a principal organ of the party and the country, is mainly responsible for preventing internal and external enemies of the Communist regime the damage. The KGB, played a major role for the stability and development of the Soviet Union.
"National security" in many countries are ripe
Qu Xing said that, in fact, "National Security Council" has been brewing for a long time, now came into being and that made sense. Here the "games" refers to the present-day threats to national security presents a solid, diverse and unexpected situation. "The era of globalization," give the peoples of personnel, logistics, while facilitating the flow of information, but also to the various hostile forces that threaten national security to provide more opportunities. To this end, States must be proactive, adapt to this challenge.
United States established under the National Security Act in 1947, the National Security Council, chaired by the President, regularly attend meetings of the members of the Vice President, Secretary of State, the Minister, the Secretary of Defense, Assistant to the President for national security affairs, also Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of staff, the Director of Central Intelligence as a consultant. Russian Federal Security Council is Russia's national security, to ensure that countries do not suffer from internal and external threats, the Supreme decision-making body, the main job is to keep the President in the context of the Constitution gives the national security decisions made by effective implementation. Members including the Prime Minister, the Security Council Secretary, Presidential Chief of staff, Foreign Minister, Defense Minister, Interior Minister, Justice Minister and Chief of general staff of the armed forces, the Director of foreign intelligence, National Security Bureau Director of border Affairs, Director of the Federal Bureau of drug surveillance, President of the Russian Academy of social sciences, and others.
Japan version of "national security" is "national security". Current participation in Cabinet guneizhengtailang Japan version of "KGB", the first Secretary for. Japan media reports on the 12th, Japan, "National Security Council" the main contents of the Bill are: to decide diplomatic and security policies, standing by the Prime Minister, the Chief Cabinet Secretary, the Foreign Secretary, the Defense Secretary "composed of four Ministers"; in the new Cabinet, "National Security Council". In January 2014, the National Security Agency's size will be about 60 people. As a think tank for Prime Minister Abe, guneizhengtailang said the own United States, "National Security Council" of my hand, and stressed the need for integration of diplomatic and security policies.
In 1998, in response to the development of the internal and external security situation, attract a greater number of departments and teams, India set up the National Security Council chaired by the Prime Minister, as the most important advisory body on national security issues. But India, "National Security Council" is merely advisory and counselling agency, not a hyper-authority of departments, it is difficult to coordinate, supervise and advance national security strategy, plus the influence of partisan politics, so in actual operation in the process, India, "National Security Council" has not been able to address the phenomenon of fragmentation and mutual pointing finger. In this regard, Wei said that US-Russian political system is different from countries such as India and China, "National Security Council" how they work and function differently. He believes that "national security" is the essence of response to major emergencies, which is its most basic functions.
"National security" will be watching
China set up the National Security Council, Japan Chief Cabinet Yoshihide Suga 13th said at a press conference, "all will pay close attention to China's internal affairs." Japan Edition "KGB" debut, between China and Japan in the future, "National Security Council" will become a shining point of contact. In this regard, the song star believes that China's "national security" is not directed against a particular country was founded, but the security situation in the country requires. Where national security issues, "National Security Council" concerned will appear where. Sino-Japanese relations lies in Japan can correctly treating historical responsibilities, ability to properly deal with the reality of the dispute, "National Security Council" is not set up to deal with Sino-Japanese relations. Qu Xing said: "If Japan shift gears, to have a correct attitude towards history and realities, even if no ' KGB ', Sino-Japanese relations will be further improved. And if Japan continues provocative on the Diaoyu Island issue to China, even when there is a ' national security ', Sino-Japanese relations will continue to be deadlocked. But one thing for sure is that if Japan dares to further provocation and provoke more disputes, ' national security ' will contribute to the establishment of more effective thanks to counter Japan's provocation. ”
Japan Okinawa University Professor, JCGO Honorary President Liu 13th said in an interview with the newspaper reporter, Prime Minister Abe recently refers to direct "threat", China set up a "National Security Council" may make China more effectively respond to these changes in the outside world, less passive. Liu said that now that China and Japan are concentrated State power to deal with security issues. Japan set up a "National Security Council" may make future "more acute" interaction may also make more frequent contacts, negotiations between the two sides and ordered. "Global times foreign correspondent Ding Yuqing zhangjianboliuzhijinfeng reporter Zheng Yizhen Gu Di Guan Chao"
(Original title: foreign media attention to setting up a National Security Council to China and the South China Sea collision, for example)
以顶层设计完善安全机制 采美国蓝本应对突发危机
【环球时报综合报道】“毫无疑问，中国设立国家安全委员会，恐怖分子紧张了，分裂分子紧张了，极端分子紧张了。总之那些想威胁和破坏中国国家安全的势力紧张了。”中国外交部发言人秦刚13日在例行记者会上的这番话，把中国决定设立“国安会”的影响力和威慑力说得活灵活现。有学者认为，十八届三中全会提出成立的“国安会”，是让中国的国家安全“捏紧五指攥成拳”。有学者强调这个“顶层设计”的重要性，目的就是完善国家安全体制和国家安全战略，确保国家安全。在中国“国安会”应运而生时，日本也在筹备本国的“国安会”。日媒形容两个版本的“国安会”是中日两国外交和安全保障政策的“司令塔”。这个巧合让中国“国安会”更加引人关注。
设立“国安会”，重在顶层设计
设立国家安全委员会的消息，让中国网民感到很兴奋。根据环球网13日进行的网络调查，有96.9%的网民认为，中国非常需要“国安会”这样超部门的权威性机构；89.7%的人认为，成立“国安会”反映出中国的战略自信；95.3%的人乐观地认为，“国安会”设立后能有效整合各部门力量、提升中国外交与安全决策的协调和实施能力。
中国国际问题研究所所长曲星13日在接受《环球时报》记者采访时说，有学者形容将要设立的“国安会”是让国家安全“捏紧五指攥成拳”，这个比喻很有意思。曲星说，中国原来也有保障国家安全的职能部门，“国安会”成立将极大加强各相关部门之间的协调，发挥合力，整合资源，有助于决策层级的提升，进一步加强国家安全职能的发挥。各国“国安会”性质的机构一般都是由国家元首直接领导，这意味着它的反应更加迅速。中国反恐问题专家李伟认为，“国安会”着重于从国家的层面，从更全面的角度来解决和处理恐怖主义根源性、土壤性的问题。当前中国也有预警、防范、处置恐怖组织的相关机构，但重点不在“顶层设计”上，“国安会”是从更大范围来解决恐怖主义问题，将使反恐进入更有利的方向。
一名在国家安全领域的基层人士告诉《环球时报》记者，现有的中央外事/国家安全工作领导小组及其办公室人员编制少，一线工作人员基本是从各职能部门借调而来，流动性大，不具备足够人力、资源来应对重大突发性事件，以及跟踪、分析和协调日常事务。由于国家安全事务领域的不断拓展，已从以往传统的政治、外交、军事等领域，拓展到金融、财政、网络、贩毒反恐、重大传染病、天灾、社会稳定等非传统领域，专业性更强，涉及部门更广，已有的机构已无法做到最权威地去协调、整合各部门力量，往往只能充当上送报告的“传声筒”，而具体执行和监督仍交由相关部门，无法形成统筹合力。因此，“国安会”的设立，将可以避免部门间通气不够、欠缺协调等现象。
国际舆论五花八门：“司令塔”还是克格勃？
中国设立“国安会”的消息也引起国际社会的关注。南非前总统府部长帕哈德13日在接受《环球时报》记者采访时表示，中国是快速发展的大国，作为维护国家安全和稳定的权威机构，中国将设立的“国安会”在国家安全政策制定及不同部门间的协调等方面会发挥重要作用。香港《南华早报》13日的评论是：“中国领导人决定成立‘国安会’：一个新兴超级大国正在国内外面临越来越沉重的稳定挑战。观察人士表示，新机构意在避免出现相关部门再各自为政的局面。近年来，北京在外交政策方面已逐渐从低调转向更为积极主动。人们普遍认为，中共领导层更为自信，尤其是在应对同日本、菲律宾等国的领土争端问题时。”
在美日俄等国媒体看来，朝鲜半岛核问题等地区安全热点、逐渐升级的南海问题、“藏独”和“疆独”的分裂活动、因污染和非法侵占土地等问题引发的群体性事件，都是中国设立“国安会”的原因。在彭博社等美国媒体13日的报道中，中国“国安会”是以美国国家安全委员会为“蓝本”的，它有可能有助于中国更好地应对突如其来的危机。麻省理工学院研究中国与邻国关系的教授泰勒·弗拉维尔说：“过去10年来，中国一直在讨论有关设立类似于美国国家安全委员会的机构以协调国家安全政策”。有美国媒体称，“军事和民事领导层之间长期缺乏协调，曾使美方在危机发生时无法与中国领导人联系”，并举例“2001年4月南海撞机事件发生后，美国官员等待几天后才得到中方答复”。有的还援引美国前副国务卿阿米蒂奇的话说：“似乎每当发生非常非常困难的问题时，就很难打通中国人的电话。”在一些美国舆论看来，中国“国安会”的设立可以让这些“困难”不再出现。
日本《每日新闻》把中国“国安会”和日本正在创立的“国家安全保障会议”比成两国外交和安全保障政策的“司令塔”。报道称，中国近期发生的天安门金水桥暴恐事件以及山西省委附近的爆炸案件，反映出中国国内治安状况的不稳定。围绕钓鱼岛以及南海问题，中国同日本、菲律宾等国持续陷入紧张对立状态。“国安会”的设立将进一步完善针对上述国内外问题的应对体制。
“俄罗斯之声”网站12日援引俄情报机构老兵联合会副会长马列瓦内的话说，目前世界上许多国家都在强化自己的国家安全机构。俄专家认为，中国成立“国安会”不会对俄国家安全构成威胁，反而有助于两国共同打击恐怖主义和网络犯罪，“中国在俄罗斯的情报活动并不会因此而增强”。有意思的是，有俄媒体还把“国安会”误读为“克格勃”。《列宁格勒真理报》13日发表题为“中国决定重建克格勃”的文章，在报道中国设立“国安会”的消息时称，苏联时期的国家安全委员会是党和国家的一个主要机构，主要负责防止内外敌人对共产主义政权的破坏。当时克格勃为苏联的稳定和发展发挥了重大作用。
“国安会”在多国水到渠成
曲星说，实际上，“国安会”已经酝酿了很长一段时间，现在可谓应运而生，水到渠成。这里的“运”指的是当今对国家安全的威胁因素呈现出立体、多元和突发态势。“全球化时代”在给各国人民带来人员、物流、信息流动便利的同时，也给威胁国家安全的各种敌对势力提供了更多机会。为此，各国都必须未雨绸缪，适应这种挑战。
美国在1947年根据《国家安全法》设立国家安全委员会，主席由总统担任，定期列席成员有副总统、国务卿、财政部长、国防部长、总统国家安全事务助理，此外还有参谋长联席会议主席、中央情报局局长担任顾问。俄联邦安全委员会是俄国家安全、保证国家不受来自内部和外部威胁的最高决策机构，主要任务是保证总统在宪法赋予的范围内所做出的有关国家安全的决定能够切实得到执行。成员包括总理、安全会议秘书、总统办公厅主任、外交部长、国防部长、内务部长、司法部长、武装力量总参谋长、对外情报局局长、国家安全局边境事务总局局长、联邦毒品监察局局长、俄社会科学院院长等人。
日本版的“国安会”是“国家安全保障会议”。现任内阁官房参与谷内正太郎将成为日本版“国安会”事务局首任局长。据日本媒体12日报道，日本“国家安全保障会议”相关法案的主要内容有：为能迅速决定外交及安全保障政策，常设由首相、官房长官、外相、防卫相组成的“四大臣会议”；在内阁官房新设“国家安全保障局”。2014年1月，国家安全保障局的规模将达到60人左右。作为安倍首相的智囊，谷内正太郎曾表示，自己对美国“国安会”了如指掌，并强调运用外交和安保一体化政策的必要性。
1998年，为应对内外安全形势的发展，吸纳更多部门和精英团队的意见，印度成立了由总理领导的国家安全委员会，以作为对国家安全问题最重要的咨询机构。但由于印度“国安会”只是咨询和参谋机构，无法具备超部门的权威性，也难以协调、监督和推进国家安全战略，加上党派政治的影响，因此在实际运行过程中，印度“国安会”始终未能解决条块分割、相互扯皮推诿的现象。对此，李伟表示，美俄日印等国和中国的政治体制不一样，“国安会”如何运作和发挥作用也不同。他认为，“国安会”的实质是应对重大突发事件，这是它最基本的功能。
中日“国安会”相处将是看点
就中国设立国家安全委员会一事，日本内阁官房长官菅义伟13日在记者会上表态说，“将密切关注中国内政的一切动向”。随着日本版“国安会”的登场，今后中日两国在“国安会”层面的接触将成为一大看点。对此，曲星认为，中国的“国安会”不是针对某一个具体国家成立的，而是国家安全形势的需要。国家安全问题出现在哪里，“国安会”的关注就会出现在哪里。中日关系的问题在于日本是否能正确对待历史责任，能否妥当处理现实争端，“国安会”不是为了处理中日关系而成立的。曲星强调：“如果日本改弦更张，在历史和现实问题上能够有正确态度，即便没有‘国安会’，中日关系也能进一步改善。而如果日本继续在钓鱼岛等问题上挑衅中国，即便有了‘国安会’，中日关系也会继续僵持。但有一点可以肯定的是，如果日本敢于进一步挑衅，挑起更大的争端，‘国安会’的成立将有助于更加有效得力地反击日本的挑衅。”
日本冲绳大学教授、JCGO名誉会长刘刚13日在接受《环球时报》记者采访时说，近日安倍首相把中朝直接指为“威胁”，而中国设立“国安会”可以让中方更为有效地应对外部世界的这些变化，减少被动。刘刚说，现在中国和日本都是集中国力来应对安全问题。中日设立“国安会”，可能让两国今后“更尖锐”地互动，也可能使双方的联系、交涉更加频繁和有序。【环球时报驻外记者 丁雨晴 张建波 柳直 金丰 本报记者 郑一真 谷棣 关超】
(原标题：外媒关注中国成立国安会 以中美南海撞机举例)
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