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The author:(作者)归海一刀published in(发表于) 2013/11/14 3:20:12 Wu Jinglian： plenary session has been supporting political reform for deployment
Wu Jinglian: plenary session has been supporting political reform for deployment
Zhang Youyi Fan Shitao
18 China reformed the full deployment of the third plenary session, the new round of reforms will soon be implemented. The plenary, deepen economic restructuring are centered around the market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources to carry out.
Renowned economist Wu Jinglian told the China business news said in an interview with a reporter, set up a unified, open, competitive and orderly market system, is to make the market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources is based. 18 plenary session of this decision is of great significance to deepen economic reforms.
He think, command economy and market economy system dual exist side by side of conditions Xia, economic run also faced executive protection, and area protection, and monopoly prevailed, many system sex obstacles: a is "bar split", and market jigsaw; two is Government Executive intervention too much; three is various market of development uneven, goods market development may also can said wherein, elements market on development level low, order chaos, so need speed market system construction.
He factors market develop serious lag issues, emphasizing the 18 covered by the third plenary session of "land and financial markets" new targets.
In his view, why all these years generally keen to "pie", "campaign", it is because the Government can make use of agricultural land and urban or industrial land, residential land for a huge price difference, support land finance, "build city" and reap substantial benefits in the process of land requisition for removal, and caused land demolition mass unexpected incident.
Plenary session decides to "giving people more property rights, promoting urban and rural elements of equal exchange and balanced allocation of public resources, and improve institutional mechanisms for the healthy development of urbanization." "It's for the proper conduct of urban-rural relationship in the right direction. "He said.
For the financial system, said Wu Jinglian, present in financial markets is far from perfect, all levels of Government has often intervened in order to achieve their investment objectives. "The plenary session reintroduced ' complete financial market system ' task, it is very important".
He think financial area of reform following several aspects needs focus for: a is financial markets to investment main and financing tool more diversified; II is to according to plenary of requires, "perfect main by market decided price of mechanism", accelerated interest rate, and currency marketing and continues to advance Yuan capital items Xia of can free exchange; three is to "established fair open transparent of market rules", in rule of law based Shang for collection gauge sexual regulatory, securities market of regulatory gravity to put in perfect mandatory information disclosure and the supporting system Shang.
Field of taxation reform, Wu Jinglian said: "the most important development, is told in the Communique ', establishing a modern financial system. This abstract, but the context of the modern financial system have some instructions such as ' improving tax legislation, explicit authority, reform the tax system, stability, transparency, efficiency ', ' improvement of the budget the budget management system, improve the tax system, establish responsibilities and expenses system suitable for the responsibility '. Combine the basic structure of the tax system, shows that the spirit of the financial system now is to adapt a further improving the Socialist market economy, but implementation still needs to be more specific. "
He believed that this plenary is focused on economic reform. "But on the plenary session Communique, supporting the political reform has been underway for deployment, many of which break the special fences and genuine with vested interests are important to deepen the reform. For example, the plenary requested ' accelerate the institutionalization, standardization and proceduralization of Socialist Democratic politics and building a socialist country ruled by law, develop wider and fuller, more robust supervisory power of the people's democratic ';' people, let power run ';' in the sunshine strengthen the construction of Socialist democratic political system, promoting the construction of rule of law in China, strengthen power supervision and restriction system ' and so on. These aspects are restraining the excessive intervention of the Government is trying to control the market activities at all levels, can help sort out the relationship between Government and market, in favour of advancing of economic reform. "
He said that political reform has three main elements: establishing the rule of law, democracy and constitutional governance. Its current patterns to determine, from the start with building the rule of law in China, political reform might be more effective.
(Special correspondent Fan Shitao Institute of economic and resources management Department of Beijing Normal University lecturer)
吴敬琏：三中全会已对配套政治体制改革作部署
张有义 范世涛
十八届三中全会对中国下一步改革做出了全面部署，新一轮改革实施在即。全会提出，深化经济体制改革要紧紧围绕使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用来进行。
著名经济学家吴敬琏在接受《第一财经日报》记者采访时表示，建立起来一个统一开放、竞争有序的市场体系，是使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用的基础。十八届三中全会的这一决定对于全面深化经济体制改革具有重大意义。
吴敬琏认为，命令经济体制与市场经济体制双轨并存的条件下，经济运行还面临行政保护、地区保护、垄断盛行等很多体制性障碍：一是“条块分割”、市场割据；二是政府行政干预过多；三是各类市场的发展参差不齐，商品市场发展也许还可以说差强人意，要素市场就发育程度低下，秩序混乱，所以需要加快市场体系建设。
吴敬琏针对要素市场发育严重滞后问题，重点指出十八届三中全会所涉及 “土地和金融市场”的新目标。
他认为，为什么这些年来各个地方普遍热衷于“摊大饼”的“造城运动”，就是因为政府可以利用农地和城市工商业用地、住宅土地的巨大差价，支持土地财政，在“造城”的拆迁和征地过程中谋取了极大利益，并造成了土地拆迁等群体性突发事件。
三中全会决定要“赋予农民更多财产权利，推进城乡要素平等交换和公共资源均衡配置，完善城镇化健康发展体制机制”。“这就为妥善处理城乡关系指明了正确的方向。”吴敬琏说。
对于金融市场体系，吴敬琏表示，现在金融市场还很不完善，各级政府也常常进行干预，以达成自己的投资目标。“三中全会再次提出‘完善金融市场体系’的任务，非常重要”。
他认为金融领域的改革以下几方面需要重点进行：一是金融市场要投资主体和融资工具更加多元化；二是要按照全会的要求，“完善主要由市场决定价格的机制”，加快利率、汇率市场化并继续推进人民币资本项下的可自由兑换；三是要“建立公平开放透明的市场规则”，在法治基础上进行合规性监管，证券市场的监管重心要放在完善强制性信息披露及配套制度上。
对于财税领域的改革，吴敬琏说：“最重要的进展，就是公报里讲的‘建立现代财政制度’。这话比较抽象，但前后文对现代财政制度有一些说明，如‘完善立法、明确事权、改革税制、稳定税负、透明预算、提高效率’，‘改进预算管理制度，完善税收制度，建立事权和支出责任相适应的制度’。结合中国财税制度的基本格局，表明现在财政制度的精神是适应了进一步完善社会主义市场经济需要，但贯彻落实还需要更为具体展开”。
吴敬琏认为，这次全会是以经济体制改革为重点。“但从全会公报看，对配套的政治体制改革已经进行了部署，其中很多内容对打破特殊既得利益藩篱、切实深化改革具有重要意义。比如，全会要求‘加快推进社会主义民主政治制度化、规范化、程序化，建设社会主义法治国家，发展更加广泛、更加充分、更加健全的人民民主’；‘让人民监督权力，让权力在阳光下运行’；‘加强社会主义民主政治制度建设，推进法治中国建设，强化权力运行制约和监督体系’等等。这些方面都是有利于抑制各级政府力图掌控市场的过度干预活动，都有利于理顺政府和市场的关系，有利于经济体制改革的全面推进”。
他表示，政治体制改革有三项主要内容：建立法治，推进民主和实施宪法治理。其以当前格局判断，从建设法治中国入手，政治体制改革可能会更容易取得成效。
(特约记者范世涛系北京师范大学经济与资源管理研究院讲师)
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