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The author:(作者)归海一刀published in(发表于) 2013/11/14 3:22:56 “Local despot“ and “aunt“ Ruby is expected to the Oxford English Dictionary
"Local despot" and "aunt" is expected to go to Oxford Dictionary
"Guanxi (relationship)," these Chinese origin has the word in the dictionary
Review: recently, the United Kingdom broadcasting company (BBC), specially for "Tuhao (a local despot) term" did a show, exploring the influence of Chinese terms, after the program triggered many netizens buzz. "Tuhao" also likely in the form of words to obtain official recognition of the Oxford English Dictionary. Yesterday, Oxford University Press, zhuli·keliman bilingual dictionary project manager in an interview with Beijing Youth daily reporter, said: "If the 'Tuhao' 's influence continues, it is likely to appear in the updated list of our 2014 years. ”
Reporter (reporter Gui Tiantian) "local despot, let us be friends! "Recently, that many Chinese netizens talking word reached the English broadcasting company (BBC) TV show. Accompanied by a Chinese global influence growing, the show aired, attracted not only hot, but also by the Oxford English Dictionary authored concerns of.
Yesterday, the Oxford University Press zhuli·keliman bilingual dictionary project manager in an interview with Beijing Youth daily, said "Tuhao" was not yet formally entered the Oxford English Dictionary, for example, "Tuhao", "Dama" and "Hukou" words already in the Oxford English dictionary compiled by attention.
Described in the program since September, "local despot" among the words in Chinese social networking very fashionable. "Now ' local despot ', the term used to describe people who are spending, for those who are powerless, they are often used on the Internet ' local despot ' word against the rich. Used to describe the rich also describes the iPhone's Golden shell, ' the local despot ' changes the meaning of some sort and the continuous development of China's social environment. ”
"Recently a lot of media attention to the word 'Tuhao', it also sparked our interest, the words from the perspective of meaning, and we 'bling some time ago and entered the dictionary (wear brand-name clothes to wear bright jewellery) ' word perhaps a likeness. ' Local despot ' this word in Chinese, which has always existed, but has recently extended the new meaning, even the Oxford English-Chinese dictionary has not yet included in it a new meaning. If the word's influence continues, we will consider in the 2014 update, adding it to the dictionary. ”
Julie said that currently contains approximately 120 in the Oxford English Dictionary, containing the words of Chinese origin, such as "Guanxi (relationship)" with Chinese characteristics of dictionary words and appears in the Oxford series, with "literal translation" in the form of these Chinese words into the dictionary, mainly take into account the "free translation" there may be a defect.
"When you consider these words into the dictionary, in addition to using frequency and degree of General, you also need to consider the level of Visual words, 'guanxi () ' the words are included in the dictionary it is for such consideration, such as 'hukou (ID) ' words in our view are very intuitive. Lots of new words (such as the local despot) with puns or one-liners, but after these words were adopted into English may lose its original appeal. Along with China's rising global influence, an increasing number of Chinese popular words are expected to be included in the dictionary, these words can be like they are in Chinese, and played in the English language influence remains to be seen. ”
It is reported that the online version of the Oxford English Dictionary is updated on a quarterly, next update in December this year. Update of June this year, included revising the more than 1200 pieces of new vocabulary, including "Tweet (Twitter)", "geekery (geek characters)". In September this year, Online Edition also included included "twerking (hip dance)" and "selfie (mobile self portrait)" new words, such as. John Simpson, former editor of the Oxford English Dictionary had said in a statement: "that broke the Oxford English Dictionary, at least one of the old rules, before a new Word from dictionary appear to consider whether you want to be income, ten years time may be required, and now it looks like dictionary included speed to keep up with development of the times. ”
Reporter observed
What is included in the Oxford Dictionary of Chinese origin words?
Julie describes, from the perspective of etymology, the Oxford English Dictionary included approximately 120 words with Chinese origins.
North Green newspaper reporter on the Oxford English Dictionary's official website (http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/) retrieving found on Chinese origin mostly directly from the Chinese pronunciation of the word, such as "Dim sum" comes from the term Dim sum in Cantonese, while some contain socio-cultural connotations of terms such as "Guanxi (relationship)" has been included into the dictionary.
GuanXi relationships
Originated in China in Mandarin, literally understood and "connection" is a Chinese social system that could facilitate business exchanges and other trading terms.
Dim sum Dim sum
From the "Dim sum" in Cantonese. Means "making meals, including through steaming, frying, rich filling."
Taikonaut Chinese astronaut
First part of words, and Chinese "space" sound similar, interception of English in the latter part of "astronaut" combine to form.
Maotai maotai liquor
A sorghum as raw material, by distilling wine produced, from a town in southwestern China.
Chinglish Chinglish
The mixed use of Chinese and English, used by many Chinese English mix noise using a number of Chinese grammatical structure, vocabulary.
Xiang Xiang
Was approximately 36 million Chinese use a dialect, used mainly in Hunan province.
Which words are foreign media "focus"
Dama (China Lady)
This year, the Wall Street Journal reported on its Web site a video, first use the "DAMA" the Hanyu Pinyin word derived to describe China's middle and old aged females. Reports stated that international prices this year fell in April-June period, many Chinese consumers snapped up gold, including many middle-aged women has struggled in China "Granny" buying gold concern. Just because there is a "DAMA (Lady)", China has become the main force of the impact on the global gold market.
Lianghui (two sessions)
2010, concerning "two sessions" reports, many overseas media to the "two sessions" Pinyin "lianghui" directly as a new Word, used in the report. Due to the "two sessions" curve to the longer this spell transliteration method compared to the long list of words in English and simple.
Guanggun (single young men)
United Kingdom a story in the Economist magazine in March 2010, more males than females in China articles, older young men known as "guanggun (single)". Since then, many media cites this story when using Pinyin "guanggun" instead of "bachelor (Bachelor) the term".
Glossary How can be integrated into the Oxford Dictionary
When all the words are included in the dictionary, and should always be considered its "General level" and "frequency", but all foreign words are difficult in the assessment.
According to Julie introduction, will join the at the dictionary of loanwords, usually multiple factors to consider. "Visualize, can just to see a native English person is naturally going to be using these words, ' loan words ' feeling is gradually weakening. If it was widely used by the media, rather than just when you appear in a story, we will certainly consider starting to collect them. ”
Oxford dictionary words are revenue procedure:
1. heavily used and reproduced by the media causing attention by writing;
2. considerations: the generic levels, frequency of use, native English speakers can be "natural", is intuitive;
3. "watch list (watch list)", a list of key words;
4. Online Edition updated 4 times a year, identified for inclusion will be included in the dictionary of new words.
Text/reporter Gui Tiantian
Lead courtesy of Ms King
“土豪”“大妈”有望进牛津词典
“guanxi(关系)”等中文渊源词已在词典之中
导读：日前，英国广播公司(BBC)专门为“Tuhao(土豪)”一词做了一档节目，探讨中文词汇的影响力，节目播出后引发不少网友的热议。“Tuhao”还有可能以单词的形式获得《牛津英语词典》的正式认可。昨日，牛津大学出版社双语词典项目经理朱莉·克里曼在接受北京青年报记者采访时表示：“如果‘Tuhao’的影响力持续，它很有可能出现在我们2014年的更新名单之中。”
本报讯(记者 桂田田)“土豪，让我们做朋友吧！”近日，这句被不少中国网友津津乐道的话语登上了英语广播公司(BBC)的电视节目。伴随着中文在全球影响力的日益提升，这档节目播出后，不仅引发了网友的热议，还受到《牛津英语词典》编著者的关注。
昨日，牛津大学出版社双语词典项目经理朱莉·克里曼在接受北京青年报记者采访时表示，“Tuhao”暂时还没有被正式收录进《牛津英语词典》，但是例如“Tuhao”、“Dama”和“Hukou”等词语已经在牛津英语词典编著者的关注范围内。
节目中介绍，9月以来“土豪”这个词语在中国的社交网络之中十分火爆。“现在‘土豪’这个词被用来形容那些花钱大手大脚的人，对于那些无权无势的人而言，他们通常在互联网上使用‘土豪’一词来攻击那些有钱人。无论用来形容那些有钱人，还是形容苹果手机的金色外壳，‘土豪’含义的变化一定和中国不断发展的社会环境有关。”
“最近不少媒体都对‘Tuhao’这个词语给予了关注，它也引发了我们的兴趣，这个词语从含义上看，和我们前段时间收录进词典的‘bling(穿名牌衣服戴璀璨珠宝)’一词有些许相像之处。‘土豪’这个词在中文当中一直存在，但是最近延伸出了新的含义，即便是《牛津英汉大词典》也还没有把它新的含义收录进去。如果这个词语的影响力持续的话，我们会考虑在2014年的更新中把它加入词典之中。”
朱莉表示，目前《牛津英语词典》中大约包含120个含有中文渊源的词汇，像“guanxi(关系)”这样带有中国特色的词语也出现在牛津系列词典之中，之所以以“直译”的形式将这些中文词汇纳入词典之中，主要还是考虑到“意译”可能存在的缺陷。
“考虑将这些词纳入词典中时，除了使用频率和通用程度之外，还需要考量这些词语的直观程度，‘guanxi(关系)’这个词语被纳入词典之中正是出于这样的考虑，像‘hukou(户口)’这样的词语在我们看来也挺直观。很多新兴词汇(比如土豪)带有双关语或俏皮话的意味，但是这些词语被意译成英文之后可能会丧失其原有的俏皮意味。伴随着中国在全球影响力的日益提升，越来越多的中文流行词有望被收录在词典之中，但是这些词语能否像它们在中文一样、发挥在英语中的影响力还有待观察。”
据悉，《牛津英语词典》网络版每季度更新一次，下一次更新时间为今年12月。今年6月的更新版中，收录修编了1200多条新词汇，包括“Tweet(推特)”，“geekery(极客范儿)”等。今年9月，网络版又收录了包括“twerking(电臀舞)”和 “selfie(手机自拍)”等在内的新词语。《牛津英语词典》前任主编约翰·辛普森曾在声明中表示：“这至少打破了《牛津英语词典》的一个老规矩，以前一个新词从出现到考虑是否要被收入词典，可能需要十年的时间，现在看起来词典的收录速度好像跟上时代的发展了。”
记者观察
牛津词典中收录了哪些中文渊源词？
朱莉介绍，从语源学的角度来看，《牛津英语词典》之中大约收录了120个含有中文渊源的词。
北青报记者在牛津英语词典官网(http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/)上检索时发现，中文渊源词多为中文发音的直接借鉴，比如“点心”一词便来源于点心的粤语发音，也有部分含有社会文化内涵的词语例如“guanxi(关系)”已被收录进词典之中。
guanxi 关系
源自中国普通话，字面上理解和“connection”是一个意思，中国社交系统中有助于商业交流和其他交易的名词。
dim sum 点心
源于“点心”的粤语发音。意为“通过蒸、炸等方式制作的餐点，含有丰富的馅料”。
taikonaut 中国宇航员
词语前半部分和中文“太空”发音相似，后半部分截取英语“astronaut”组合而成。
Maotai 茅台酒
一种以高粱为原料、通过蒸馏方式制作的酒，源于中国西南部的小镇。
Chinglish 中式英语
中文和英语的混杂使用方法，被不少中国人使用的英语，使用中糅杂不少中文的语法结构或词汇。
Xiang 湘
被大约3600万中国人使用的一种方言，使用范围主要集中在湖南省。
哪些词语被外媒“重点关注”
Dama(中国大妈)
今年，《华尔街日报》在其网站的视频报道中，首次使用“dama”这个用汉语拼音得来的单词形容中国的中老年女性。报道中指出，国际金价今年4至6月下跌期间，许多中国消费者纷纷抢购黄金，其中包括不少中年女性，引发外界对“中国大妈”抢购黄金的关注。正因为有了“dama(大妈)”，中国日渐成为影响全球黄金市场的主力军。
Lianghui(两会)
2010年有关“两会”的报道中，不少海外媒体将“两会”的拼音“lianghui”直接作为新词，在报道中使用。由于“两会”的英文译名较长，这种拼音译法比起英文的大串单词简洁不少。
Guanggun(单身男青年)
英国《经济学人》杂志在2010年3月一篇报道中国男多女少的文章中，将大龄男青年称为 “guanggun(光棍)”。此后，不少媒体在援引这篇报道之时，也使用拼音“guanggun”替代“bachelor(单身汉)”一词。
词汇怎么才能被纳入到牛津词典之中
所有词语被收录于词典之中时，都要考虑它的“通用程度”和“使用频率”，但是所有的外来词语在评估上都有一定难度。
据朱莉介绍，将外来词加入词典之时，通常要考虑多重因素。“形象化地来说，就是要看母语为英语的人能否十分自然地去使用这些词汇，‘外来语’的感觉是否在逐渐弱化。如果它被媒体广泛使用，而不仅仅出现在某篇报道之中时，我们肯定会考虑开始收录它们。”
词汇被收入牛津词典的步骤：
1.被媒体大量使用和转载，引起编著者关注；
2.考量因素：通用程度、使用频率、母语为英语者能否“自然”使用、是否直观；
3.形成“关注名单(watch list)”，罗列重点词汇；
4.网络版每年更新4次，确定纳入的新词将被收录在词典之中。
文/本报记者 桂田田
线索提供/金女士
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