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The author:(作者)qqpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/15 12:51:44 Expert highly recognized a separate new deal for second child
CNS, Beijing, November 16 (reporter Kan Feng)-released 15th plenary decision and announced that it would start implementing party policy of one-child couples to have two children. Expert analysis, "separate second" open China policy the first step, of historic significance. While fertility policy change involving the interests of different groups, old and new policies need to be better cohesion and avoid new social contradictions.
In response to public expectations: historic "first steps"
Published 15th comprehensive reform of the CPC Central Committee on several major issues identified in the decision, "adhere to the basic State policy of family planning, launch party is the policy of one-child couples to have two kids, and gradually perfecting family planning policies, promote long-term balanced population development. "This means that broad concerns of the community," let alone a second child "policy is official positive response.
"Official has stressed the need to improve the family planning policy, now that ' perfect ' had to take the first step, the open second alone is the first step, is also a key first step, has historical significance. ”
Lu Jie hua, a Professor of sociology at Peking University long-term research on population development in China, he told Xinhua reporters that the policy adjustments in response to the social public opinion looks forward to, as well as strategic planning for social development based on China's population situation.
In 1980, China's State-issued documents, began implementing the "one couple, one child" family planning policy, to further control the population growth.
The policy on China's economic development since then has made a positive contribution, but with the changes in economic and social environment, especially the ageing of the population in recent years, voices of the adjustment of current policies often found in newspapers, "let alone a second child" from ordinary people to the academic world wide recognition has been achieved.
"Let alone second child policy is an important event for the development of the Chinese population, although this policy, probably because the actual population numbers are limited, but to see that sends out a signal of this policy change, population development in China at a crossroads when policy adjustments have been made. "The Deputy Director of the China Research Center on aging Dang Junwu said.
"Adhere to the basic State policy of family planning," can't miss reads
Worth noting is that the OK to start the implementation of the decision, "second child alone" at the same time, with special emphasis on "adhere to the basic State policy of family planning."
It cannot be denied, "family planning" this success since 1982, strictly implement the basic national policy helped China avoid the population out of control. "As a basic State policy, family planning is what we have needed a long, but, after more than 30 years, our family planning policy now could not simply understood to control the population. "The Deputy Director of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Institute of population and labor economics analysis of recent grads still hunting to Xinhua reporters," family planning "is a comprehensive concept based on population and social development, simply cannot understand," even when population growth seriously, we encourage childbearing, family planning. ”
Said Lu Jiehua, current fertility policy adjustments are not changing the basic national policy of family planning, 18 stressed again the decision of the third plenary session, "adhere to the basic State policy of family planning," is based on China's population situation and long-term considerations, this concept cannot be misinterpreted.
"Family planning is not equal to the ' one child policy ' does not mean ' fewer child policy ' and it will be adjusted continuously with the development community, progressive and future ' birth according to the law ' is an important connotation of family planning policy. "Lu Jiehua said.
On November 11 this year, the country's health and family planning Commission at a press conference, spokesman Mao Qunan also emphasized that adhere to the basic State policy of family planning do not waver. He said that "for a long period of history, national population, weak, per capital hold of resources is relatively small, the insufficient capacity of the environment, and unbalanced development, is still the basic national conditions. Population pressures on the economy, society, resources and the environment will persist. ”
Mao Qunan also pointed out that, for more than 40 years, due to low family planning Trojan gave birth to more than 400 million people in China, thus greatly reducing the pressure of too-rapid growth in the population, resource and environment.
Old and new policies needed immediately for proper cohesion measures to follow up
About the future trend of China's family planning policy, the third plenum of the decision given in the "gradual adjustment improve the reproductive policies, promote long-term balanced population development" formulation.
Analysis of recent grads still hunting, family planning has two important purposes, first of all, on sustainable development, to pursue population itself, growing too much or too little is bad. Secondly, to convince people and coordinated economic and social development, to meet the realities of socio-economic development and population development needs. "Two directions for the purpose of our future policy adjustments," say recent grads still hunting.
In the most populous country in the world, fertility policy adjustment "that gave rise to the" tremendous impact. Experts generally polled said that "second child alone" after you let go of old and new policy convergence, configure the policy to follow up, these issues need more thorough consideration.
"Any policy adjustments and changes, involve different groups, and between the different groups, assess the impact of policies is not the same as, say, after policy adjustment, some reporting system how to cancel, when removed, and so on. ”
Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Institute of population and labor economics researcher Wang Guangzhou to Xinhua reporter analysis, "second child alone" after release, some relevant social system should be in place, "if passive-blind, causing some confusion, then it should be conducive to smooth adjustments and policy convergence, instead of facing a lot of problems. ”
"For example, is the only child of a party in the past has condemned, what policy now defined, there must be a lot of new problems, new challenges require clarity and response. "Lu Jiehua, fertility policy adjustment will certainly let the community pay some interest cost, however, in promoting new policies, convergence before and after, the necessary follow-up actions, which require thoughtful design of sound policies to avoid new conflicts. (End text)
(Original title: expert highly recognized "stand-alone" second new deal policy convergence)
中新网北京11月16日电(记者 阚枫)15日公布的三中全会决定，宣布将启动实施一方是独生子女的夫妇可生育两个孩子的政策。专家分析，“单独二胎”放开迈出了中国完善生育政策的第一步，具有历史意义。同时生育政策变化涉及不同群体利益，需要做好新旧政策妥善衔接，避免新的社会矛盾。
回应民意期待：历史性意义的“第一步”
15日晚间公布的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》明确提出，“坚持计划生育的基本国策，启动实施一方是独生子女的夫妇可生育两个孩子的政策，逐步调整完善生育政策，促进人口长期均衡发展。”这意味着，社会广泛关注的“放开单独二胎”政策得到官方正面回应。
“官方一直强调要完善生育政策，既然‘要完善’总得走出第一步，此次开放单独二胎就是第一步，也是关键性的第一步，有历史意义。”
北京大学社会学系教授陆杰华长期研究中国人口发展，他对中新网记者表示，这次政策调整回应了社会民意期待，同时也是基于中国人口社会发展形势的战略规划。
1980年，中国官方下发文件，开始实施“一对夫妇只生一个孩子”的计划生育政策，以进一步控制人口数量增长。
这一政策对此后的中国经济发展做出了积极贡献，但随着经济社会环境变化，尤其是近年来人口老龄化的加剧，对现行政策进行调整的呼声屡见报端，“放开单独二胎”已取得从普通民众到学界的广泛认同。
“放开单独生二胎政策是中国人口发展的一件大事，虽然可能因为这个政策实际增加的人口数量有限，但是要看到，这个政策的变化传递出一个信号，中国在人口发展处在十字路口的时候，作出了政策调整。” 中国老龄科学研究中心副主任党俊武表示。
“坚持计划生育基本国策”不能误读
值得注意的是，此次《决定》在确定启动实施“单独二胎”的同时，仍然特别强调了“坚持计划生育的基本国策”。
无可否认，“计划生育”这项自1982年被严格执行的基本国策成功帮助中国避免了人口失控。“作为基本国策，计划生育是我们必须需要长期坚持的，只是，30多年之后，我们现在不能简单把计划生育政策理解为控制人口。” 中国社科院人口与劳动经济研究所副所长张车伟向中新网记者分析，“计划生育”是一个基于人口与社会发展的综合概念，不能简单理解，“甚至当人口负增长严重时，我们鼓励生育，这也是在计划生育。”
陆杰华也表示，现行生育政策调整不是改变计划生育基本国策，十八届三中全会《决定》再度强调“坚持计划生育基本国策”是基于中国人口形势的长远考虑，这个概念不能误读。
“计划生育不等于‘独生子女政策’，也不等于‘少生孩子政策’，它会随着社会发展而不断调整，与时俱进，将来‘依法生育’应该是计划生育政策一个重要内涵。” 陆杰华说。
在今年11月11日的国家卫生计生委的新闻发布会上，发言人毛群安也强调坚持计划生育基本国策不动摇。他表示，“在今后相当长的历史时期，国家人口多、底子薄，人均资源占有量比较少，环境的容量不足，发展不平衡，仍是基本国情。人口对经济、社会、资源、环境的压力将长期存在。”
毛群安还特别指出，40多年来，中国由于计划生育累计少生了4亿多人，大大减轻了人口过快增长对资源环境带来的压力。
新旧政策需妥善衔接 配套措施需及时跟进
对于未来中国生育政策的走向，三中全会《决定》中给出“逐步调整完善生育政策，促进人口长期均衡发展” 的表述。
张车伟分析，计划生育有两个重要目的，首先，要追求人口本身的可持续发展，生育过多或过少都是不利的。其次，要让人口和经济社会发展相协调，人口发展要符合社会经济发展的现实和需要。“这两个目的就是我们今后生育政策调整的方向”张车伟说。
在全世界人口最多的国家，生育政策的调整有着“牵一发而动全身”的巨大影响。受访专家普遍表示，“单独二胎”放开后，新旧政策如何衔接，配置政策如何跟进，这些问题更需要周全考虑。
“任何一个政策的调整和变化，都涉及到不同的群体，而在不同的群体之间，政策的影响是不一样的，比如说政策调整之后，一些申报制度怎么取消，什么时候取消等等。”
中国社科院人口与劳动经济研究所研究员王广州向中新网记者分析，“单独二胎”放开后，一些相关的社会系统工程应该做到位，“如果被动盲目，造成一些混乱，这样反而不利于政策顺利的调整和衔接，反而面临很多的问题。”
“比如过去一方是独生子女超生了，现在的政策怎么样界定，肯定还有很多新问题、新难题需要明晰和回应。”陆杰华表示，生育政策的调整肯定会让社会付出一些利益成本，但是，新政策的推进过程中，如何前后衔接、配套跟进，这都需要周全妥善的政策设计，避免造成新的矛盾。 (完)
(原标题：专家高度肯定“单独”二胎新政 吁做好政策衔接)
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