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The author:(作者)qqpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/15 12:53:58 Health Planning Committee： second child policy alone has three significance
Beijing November 15 electric national health and family planning Committee today in website magazine text said, in full built well-off social of process in the, according to population situation development changes, in national General introduced both are for only children of couples can fertility two a children policy of based Shang, started implementation party is only children of couples can fertility two a children of policy, gradually adjustment perfect fertility policy, has is important of meaning.
The CPC Central Committee on several major issues of comprehensive reform decision (hereinafter the decision): "stick to the basic State policy of family planning, launch party is the policy of one-child couples to have two kids, and gradually perfecting family planning policies, promote long-term balanced population development. "It's improvement since entering the 21st century, significant adjustments in reproductive policy in China, is the demographic development of the country's important strategic decisions.
The article says, in the 1970 of the 20th century, the fast increase in population control, improving population quality, comprehensive family planning in China, will be established as a basic State policy of family planning, and with the changing population and economic and social development situation continues to improve. Practice has proved that national implementation of this policy to ease the pressure of resource and environment, promoting sustainable and rapid economic development and social progress has made an important contribution to actual is entirely correct, in accordance with national conditions. Family planning workers devoted painstaking efforts, has made a significant contribution to the broad masses.
Build a well-off society in the process, in accordance with developments in the population situation, prevailing throughout the country couples who are both only children to have two-child policy based on the launch party is the policy of one-child couples to have two children, gradually improve fertility policy, plays a very important role.
First, adjust the perfect maternity policy conform to the masses expect, conducive to the development of social harmony and stability. Along with the economic and social development and improve people's living standards, urban and rural residents in China birth preference change dramatically, "many descendants and good fortune" traditional attitudes gradually fading. In accordance with the requirements of the decision, and to adjust and improve fertility policy towards national unity of will and the will of the masses, narrowing the urban-rural, regional, ethnic differences in fertility policy to promote balanced urban and rural development, promoting the sex ratio at birth to return to normal levels. Gradually perfecting family planning policy will further highlight the human-oriented idea, improve household population structure, significantly enhanced domestic ability for guarding against risks, and old-age care features, better promote family well-being and social harmony.
Second, the adjustment improve the fertility policies conducive to the stabilization of moderately low fertility, population balanced long-term development. Since entering the new century, the national women's total fertility rate steadily falling, which now stands at 1.5 per cent. As economic and social development, national income growth, health care and social security systems tends to sound, especially urbanization has improved continuously, women's total fertility rate could fall further. Gradually perfecting family planning policy, in line with the law on population and development, conducive to the stabilization of moderately low fertility, slow the population peaked too soon after declining momentum conducive to long-term balanced population development and the long-term development of the Chinese nation.
Third, the adjustments improve fertility policies conducive to maintaining a reasonable amount of labor and infrastructure, promote the sustained and healthy development of economy. 2011 15-59 working-age population in China reached 941 million peak, 2012 fell to 937 million, this trend, by 2030 China's working-age population can remain more than 800 million people, but young people among the working-age population decline, international comparative advantage in labor resources has subsided. At the same time, notable acceleration of population ageing, in 2012 the proportion of the elderly population aged 60 and over has reached 14.3%, end of 2013 total elderly population will reach 200 million, 2025, 2030 will reach 300 million and 400 million. To maintain the current family planning policy does not adjust, after decades of sharp decline in the working-age population, the proportion of the elderly population is too large, is bound to seriously affect China's economic and social development and international competitiveness. Gradually perfecting family planning policy was to respond effectively and actively mitigate long-term effects of population structural problems, maintaining a healthy workforce size and structure, delaying the ageing of the population. These decisions transforming the pattern of economic development, promote sustainable and healthy development of economy new advantages, preparing more favourable conditions of the population.
The article says, the population problem is a serious problem affecting our national, coordinated and sustainable development, is an important factor affecting economic and social development. China's basic national conditions, many people have no fundamental change, population pressures on the economy, society, resources and the environment will persist. Basic national policy of family planning should be stuck to family planning work must be lasting. State Health Commission will seriously carry out the party's 18 the spirit of the third plenary session, in-depth understanding of the profound connotation and essence of decision, safe and orderly adjustment solidly perfecting family planning policies, promote long-term balanced population development.
(Original title: Health Planning Committee: implement the "separate" family second child policy has a threefold significance)
中新网11月15日电 国家卫生与计划生育委员会今日在网站刊文称，在全面建成小康社会的进程中，根据人口形势发展变化，在全国普遍实行双方均为独生子女的夫妇可生育两个孩子政策的基础上，启动实施一方是独生子女的夫妇可生育两个孩子的政策，逐步调整完善生育政策，具有十分重要的意义。
《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》(以下简称《决定》)提出：“坚持计划生育的基本国策，启动实施一方是独生子女的夫妇可生育两个孩子的政策，逐步调整完善生育政策，促进人口长期均衡发展。”这是我国进入21世纪以来生育政策的重大调整完善，是国家人口发展的重要战略决策。
文章表示，20世纪70年代以来，为控制人口过快增长，提高人口素质，我国全面推行计划生育，将计划生育确立为基本国策，并随着人口与经济、社会发展形势变化不断完善。实践证明，国家实行这一政策对缓解资源环境压力、促进经济持续较快发展和社会进步作出了重要贡献，是完全正确、符合国情实际的。计划生育工作者付出了艰苦努力，广大人民群众作出了重大贡献。
在全面建成小康社会的进程中，根据人口形势发展变化，在全国普遍实行双方均为独生子女的夫妇可生育两个孩子政策的基础上，启动实施一方是独生子女的夫妇可生育两个孩子的政策，逐步调整完善生育政策，具有十分重要的意义。
第一，调整完善生育政策顺应群众期盼，有利于社会和谐稳定发展。随着经济社会发展和人民生活水平提高，我国城乡居民生育意愿发生明显变化，“多子多福”的传统观念逐步淡化。根据《决定》的要求，要通过调整完善生育政策，逐步实现国家意志和群众意愿的统一，缩小城乡、地区、民族之间生育政策的差别，促进城乡统筹发展，促进出生人口性别比恢复正常水平。逐步调整完善生育政策，必将进一步彰显以人为本的理念，改善家庭人口结构，显著增强家庭抵御风险能力和养老照料功能，更好地促进家庭幸福与社会和谐。
第二，调整完善生育政策有利于稳定适度低生育水平，促进人口长期均衡发展。进入新世纪以来，全国妇女总和生育率稳中有降，目前为1.5-1.6。随着经济社会发展、国民收入增长、医疗卫生和社会保障制度趋于健全，特别是城镇化水平不断提高，妇女总和生育率还可能进一步下降。逐步调整完善生育政策，符合人口发展规律，有利于稳定适度低生育水平，减缓人口总量在达到峰值后过快下降的势头，有利于人口长期均衡发展和中华民族长远发展。
第三，调整完善生育政策有利于保持合理的劳动力数量和结构，促进经济持续健康发展。2011年，我国15-59岁劳动年龄人口达到9.41亿人峰值，2012年下降为9.37亿人，按此趋势，2030年前我国劳动年龄人口仍可保持8亿人以上，但年轻劳动力在劳动年龄人口中比例下降，劳动力资源的国际比较优势有所减弱。同时，人口老龄化明显加速， 2012年60岁及以上老年人口占总人口的比例已经达到14.3%，2013年底老年人口总数将达到2亿，而2025年、2030年将分别达到3亿和4亿。如维持现行生育政策不调整，几十年后劳动年龄人口锐减，老年人口比重过大，势必严重影响我国经济社会发展活力和国际竞争力。逐步调整完善生育政策，就是要有效应对和积极缓解人口结构性矛盾的长期影响，保持合理的劳动力数量和结构，延缓人口老龄化速度。这些决策将为转变经济发展方式、培育经济持续健康发展新优势，准备更为有利的人口条件。
文章表示，人口问题始终是影响我国全国协调可持续发展的重大问题，是影响经济社会发展的重要因素。我国人口众多的基本国情没有根本改变，人口对经济、社会、资源、环境的压力将长期存在。计划生育基本国策必须长期坚持，计划生育工作必须常抓不懈。国家卫生计生委将认真学习贯彻党的十八届三中全会精神，深入领会《决定》的深刻内涵和精神实质，稳妥扎实有序推进调整完善生育政策，促进人口长期均衡发展。
(原标题：卫计委：实施“单独”生育二胎政策具有三方面意义)
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