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The author:(作者)qqpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/15 12:54:38 Interpretation of what is a residence： the powerful official term of residence
Housing officials can be traded in the market, prone to loss of State-owned assets
Text/Mr. Wang yukai
National School of administration, Professor, Secretary General of China Society of administrative system reform
Official residence, as an official shelter system has been in place for many years in a foreign country. In simple terms, the residence is the country to provide some level of official residence lived in during his tenure, officials themselves have no property rights. Introduce a system of residence in China, has a real meaning.
Has information displayed, from 2008 began media frequently exposure officials housing corruption of problem, some poverty area built officials Villa, Chongqing hit black in the identified Wen has 8 sets real estate, Qian paragraph time Jiangsu a officials also was aeration famous Xia real estate 8 Department of scandal, and Shanxi Puxian coal Council original branches Secretary Hao Pengjun in April 2010 accept court trial Shi, exposure its from 2000 began operating coal mine, incident Qian spent more than 167 million more Yuan in Beijing, and Hainan, total purchased has 35 sets real estate. Underscore the housing problem of the lack of supervision system of cadres. At the same time, combined with the power of the market, trickery becomes widespread, causing a great deal of corruption in privatization of State-owned assets and housing.
Reality, many officials during his term in the housing provided by the local government, but as he is employed in the different regions, housing in all areas, there has been an official possession of multiple apartments. One case showed that a province a 29 sets of provincial-level cadres ' housing compound, where provincial cadre House, 28%, transfer out of cadres ' families housing accounted for 7%, retired family and 59%, there are two sets of empty. And often appear in every new term official (Secretary) complex, which also caused serious waste of resources.
In addition, housing officials can be traded in the market, which are prone to loss of State-owned assets: officials from the State to buy real estate at a low price, rising market prices, and then sold, the proceeds of a personal asset.
Officials access to housing is always accompanied by the use of public power. At first, officials use "own the land building" build your own house under the name later showed up with the terms of reference of the low price "buy" housing. The people's daily has reported that East coast of liujiang River in liuzhou city, Guangxi, there is a specially designed for high-end residential communities in the city built four leading to be known as the "East Garden", each set of 320~340 square meters, price per square metre is equivalent to around half the price of commercial housing.
In this reality, the residence can be as inhibiting the loss of State assets and a measure to prevent housing corruption.
In establishment of systems, taking into account the three prerequisites. First to clear of is, this system of introduced range only limited to power of, and important posts of officials, like County, and city level, and provincial of heads, other civil servants housing through marketing, and currency of or other way placed, not this system consider range within; second, everyone to on this items system reached consensus, no awareness Shang of consistent, on no system Shang of Executive; third, the system even is promotion, also does not is big range of, first from pilot began, has has mature good of effect Hou, again expanded range implementation.
This promotional pilot, speaking from the system on the design integrity, led the county level is possible because the leaders most prone to trickery at this level also easily lead to a divide between people, so to start the reform from where the problem occurred. Secondly, from a cost perspective, could not be established immediately from the highest levels of such systems. Grope after a successful experience at the county level, municipal, provincial progressively extend upward. Many of China's implementation of reform from top to bottom, the residence you need to push from the bottom up.
Although not yet at the national practice the system of residence system construction plan in detail, but Western States have had many years of experience, sound system design can learn from it.
We are ultimately linked to the jobs and housing, who is in this position, who will enjoy the same level of treatment, which is explicitly expressed in the policy to form a "cast-iron house water system".
United States is a good follow objects, even when to move out of the White House, Bush leaves office when Obama admitted to such details also have strict time limits.
But the caveat is, residence is not a universal system, it does not resolve all occurrences of the officials of the housing problem, can only fix important official posts during his tenure housing, reduce housing situation of many officials.
In addition, it also support measures to assist the effective operation. Residence address in either official housing, once gone, housing how can I solve it? This requires the design of compensation system, compensation to both the market and the currency, can also have the right of residence of retired officials, who live at ease, can also be socially acceptable.
(Edit: SN095) November 15, 2013(解读什么是官邸制：供掌权官员任期居住|官邸|官员|住房_新闻资讯
官员的住房可以在市场上进行买卖，其中容易出现国有资产流失
文/汪玉凯
国家行政学院教授、中国行政体制改革研究会秘书长
官邸制，作为一种官员住房的制度，已在国外实施多年。简单来说，官邸是国家为一定级别的官员提供在任期间居住的住所，官员本人对此没有产权。在中国实行官邸制，有现实的意义。
有资料显示，从2008年开始媒体频频曝光官员住房腐败的问题，一些贫困地区修建官员别墅，重庆打黑中查出文强有8套房产，前段时间江苏一官员也被曝出名下房产8处的丑闻，而山西蒲县煤炭局原党总支书记郝鹏俊在2010年4月接受法庭审判时，曝光其从2000年开始经营煤矿，事发前花1.67亿多元在北京、海南等共购买了35套房产。这都凸显出干部住房监管制度缺失的问题。同时，由于市场与权力的结合，以权谋房的现象普遍，从而造成大量的国有资产私有化和住房腐败。
现实来讲，很多官员在任期间的住房由当地政府提供，但随着他在不同地区任职，在各个地区都有住房，出现了一名官员占有多套住房的现象。一个案例显示，某省一个有29套省级干部住房的大院，其中在任省级干部住房占28%，调离干部家属住房占7%，离退休干部家属占59%，还有两套空着。而且经常出现每新来一任官员，就要搞一个(书记)大院的情况，这也造成资源的严重浪费。
另外，官员的住房可以在市场上进行买卖，其中容易出现国有资产流失：官员从国家手中以低价买入房产，当市场价格上涨后再卖出，其收益就成为个人资产。
官员获得住房总是伴随着公权力的使用。最开始，有官员利用“自有土地自建房”等名义建设自有住房，后来出现了以职权低价“团购”住房。《人民日报》曾报道，广西柳州市的柳江东岸，有一片专为市四大班子领导建的高档住宅小区，名为“河东苑”，每套320~340平方米，每平方米售价相当于周边商品房价的一半。
在这样的现实下，官邸制可以作为抑制国有资产流失和预防住房腐败的一项措施。
在制度建立中，要考虑到三个先决条件。首先要明确的是，这个制度的实行范围仅限于掌权的、重要职位的官员，比如县级、市级、省级的一把手，其他公务员住房通过市场化、货币化或其他方式安置，不在此制度考虑范围内；其次，大家要对这项制度达成共识，没有认识上的一致，就没有制度上的执行；第三，该制度即便是推广，也不会是大范围的，先从试点开始，有了成熟良好的效果后，再扩大范围实施。
对于这个推广试点，从制度设计完善性上讲，县级带头推行是有可能的，因为这一级的领导人最容易出现以权谋房的情况，也容易导致与百姓之间的隔膜，所以要从问题发生的地方开始改革。其次，从代价的角度来讲，不能立刻从最高层建立这样制度。在县级摸索出成功的经验后，再市级、省级的逐级向上推广。中国的很多改革需要从上到下的推行，而官邸制则需要自下往上推动。
虽然目前还没有在国内实行官邸制的详细制度建设的规划，但是西方国家已有多年的实践经验，其完善的制度设计也能借鉴。
我们最终要将职位和住房相挂钩，谁在这个职位上，谁就享受同等级别的待遇，这要在政策中明确表达出来，形成“铁打的房子流水的官”的制度。
美国就是一个很好的效仿对象，即便是小布什卸任何时搬离白宫、奥巴马何时入住这样的细节，也均有严格的时间限制。
但需要说明的是，官邸制并不是一个万能的制度，它不能解决所有出现的官员住房问题，仅只能解决重要职位官员在任期间的住房，减少官员占多套住房的情况。
此外，它的有效运作还要配套措施来协助。官邸制解决了在任官员的住房，一旦卸任了，住房怎么解决呢？这就需要设计补偿制度，无论是市场化还是货币化的补偿，让退下来的官员也能有合适的住所，他们住得安心，也能得到社会的认可。
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