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The author:(作者)qqpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/15 12:55:41 Let alone second concern in China， experts say that no population out of control
China News Agency, Beijing, November 15 questions: China pushes reproductive concerns the new deal to let go "single" second effect
China News Agency reporter Dong Zichang zhangsuouyangkaiyu
"Just learned the news when my husband and I are very happy. "The night of 15th, Gao Zhenjie said to news agency reporters in Beijing. She referred to the "message" is, that night's official launch party is the policy of one-child couples to have two children.
Gao Zhenjie, 36 years old, with one woman, under the previous policy, in a big city like her "separate" family can't have a second child. In this situation the CPC 18 III adopted by the plenary session of the CPC Central Committee on several major issues of comprehensive reform decision to change.
The decision makes it clear that, adhere to the basic State policy of family planning, launch party is the policy of one-child couples to have two kids, and gradually perfecting family planning policies, promote long-term balanced population development.
In the 1970 of the 20th century, the fast increase in population control, improving population quality, comprehensive family planning in China, be established as a basic national policy, and with the changing population and economic and social development situation continues to improve. Analysts pointed out that national implementation of this policy to ease the pressure of resource and environment, promoting sustainable and rapid economic development and social progress has contributed to.
During the changing demographic situation facing China, Nankai University yuanxin, a Professor of the Institute of population and Development pointed out that China has been going on for more than 20 years of low birth rate, has been at or near a low fertility level, some of the structural problems gradually.
"Aging is accelerated on the one hand, on the other hand is reduced phase in the increase of the working-age population has. "The original new, appropriate relaxation of policy, will promote the structural problems to the healthy development of the population.
Analysts pointed out that adjustments improve fertility policies conducive to maintaining a reasonable amount of labor and infrastructure, promote the sustained and healthy development of economy. 2011 15-59 working-age population in China reached 941 million peak, 2012 fell to 937 million, this trend, by 2030 the working-age population, China can still maintain more than 800 million people, but young people among the working-age population decline, international comparative advantage in labor resources has subsided.
Adjustments improve fertility policies conducive to the stabilization of the moderate fertility, promote long-term balanced population development. Since entering the new century, the national women's total fertility rate steadily falling, which now stands at 1.5 per cent.
According to the National Health Commission is expected, along with economic and social development, national income growth, health care and social security systems tends to sound, especially urbanization has improved continuously, women's total fertility rate could fall further. Gradually perfecting family planning policy, in line with the law on population and development, conducive to the stabilization of moderately low fertility, slow the population peaked too soon after declining momentum conducive to the long-term balanced population development and national long-term development.
Health Planning Commission said that to perfection by adjusting birth policy towards national unity of will and the will of the masses, and narrowing the urban-rural, regional, ethnic differences in fertility policy to promote balanced urban and rural development, promoting the sex ratio at birth to return to normal levels. Significantly enhanced domestic ability for guarding against risks, and old-age care features, better promote family well-being and social harmony.
In fact, adjust the perfect maternity policies responsive to public expectations. Fertility after a woman under Gao Zhenjie, for her daughter by both husband and wife would like to have another brother (sister), "life for her help, courteous, caring for others, but also beneficial to develop interpersonal abilities."
Gao Zhenjie hold similar ideas of Chinese residents are no longer a minority, as original new experts put it, meet the "separate" family's second child needs and will not lead to runaway population.
Healthy ageing and the family, Deputy Director of the development research center of Peking University Lu Jiehua believes that different groups of ideas is different, relatively speaking, after the $literal despite the marriage age, but how far can boost their birth size growth is hard to say, because their change in perception, after all, reproductive cost in increased.
"Fertility after the second child will bring not only economic pressures, there is psychological pressure, feeling grave responsibility. "Gao Zhenjie" cool "down said, since the country has a new policy, we would consider it.
Central family planning policies on the new initiative, Lu Jiehua pointed out that was more important decision makers are changing the old ways of thinking, more attention to the population and the harmonious development of the community. This adjustment also released a positive sign, then how to smooth policy implementation worth looking forward to. (End text)
(Original title: China pushes reproductive concerns the new deal to let go "single" second results)
中新社北京11月15日电 题：中国推生育新政引关注 放开“单独”二胎成效可期
中新社记者 董子畅 张素 欧阳开宇
“刚刚知道这个消息的时候，我跟我老公都很高兴。”15日晚，北京市民高振杰对中新社记者说。她所指的“消息”是，当晚官方公布的启动实施一方是独生子女的夫妇可生育两个孩子的政策。
高振杰今年36岁，育有一女，按此前的政策，在大城市像她这样的“单独”家庭不能生育第二胎。这种状况将随着中共十八届三中全体会议通过的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》而改变。
《决定》明确指出，坚持计划生育的基本国策，启动实施一方是独生子女的夫妇可生育两个孩子的政策，逐步调整完善生育政策，促进人口长期均衡发展。
20世纪70年代以来，为控制人口过快增长，提高人口素质，中国全面推行计划生育，将其确立为基本国策，并随着人口与经济、社会发展形势变化不断完善。分析指出，国家实行这一政策对缓解资源环境压力、促进经济持续较快发展和社会进步做出了贡献。
期间，中国面临的人口形势不断发生变化，南开大学人口与发展研究所教授原新指出，中国已经持续了20多年的低生育水平，已经达到或接近一个超低生育水平，一些人口结构性问题逐渐显现。
“一方面是老龄化加速，另一方面是劳动年龄人口的增量已经进入了减少阶段。”原新说，适当的放宽生育政策，将促进人口结构性问题向良性发展。
分析人士指出，调整完善生育政策有利于保持合理的劳动力数量和结构，促进经济持续健康发展。2011年，中国15—59岁劳动年龄人口达到9.41亿人峰值，2012年下降为9.37亿人，按此趋势，2030年前中国劳动年龄人口仍可保持8亿人以上，但年轻劳动力在劳动年龄人口中比例下降，劳动力资源的国际比较优势有所减弱。
调整完善生育政策将有利于稳定适度生育水平，促进人口长期均衡发展。进入新世纪以来，全国妇女总和生育率稳中有降，目前为1.5—1.6。
根据国家卫生计生委预计，随着经济社会发展、国民收入增长、医疗卫生和社会保障制度趋于健全，特别是城镇化水平不断提高，妇女总和生育率还可能进一步下降。逐步调整完善生育政策，符合人口发展规律，有利于稳定适度低生育水平，减缓人口总量在达到峰值后过快下降的势头，有利于人口长期均衡发展和民族长远发展。
卫计委表示，要通过调整完善生育政策，逐步实现国家意志和群众意愿的统一，缩小城乡、地区、民族之间生育政策的差别，促进城乡统筹发展，促进出生人口性别比恢复正常水平。显著增强家庭抵御风险能力和养老照料功能，更好地促进家庭幸福与社会和谐。
实际上，调整完善生育政策亦顺应民众期盼。高振杰育下一女后，夫妻两人都想为女儿再生一个弟(妹)，这样“对她生活上有帮助，能够礼让、关爱别人，也有利于培养人际交往的能力”。
与高振杰持相似想法的中国居民不再少数，而在原新等专家看来，满足“单独”家庭的二胎需求，并不会导致人口失控。
北京大学健康老龄与家庭发展研究中心副主任陆杰华认为，不同的人群想法是不同的，相对来说80后90后尽管在婚育年龄，但新政能够多大程度推动生育规模成长还很难说，因为他们的观念改变，毕竟生育成本在增加。
“生育二胎后不仅会带来经济压力，还有精神上的压力，感觉责任重大。”高振杰“冷静”下来后表示，既然国家有新的政策，我们也会考虑。
对于中央关于生育政策方面的新举措，陆杰华指出，更重要的是决策者正在改变以前的思维方式，更加注重人口和社会的协调发展。这种调整也释放了积极信号，接下来如何平稳实施政策值得期待。(完)
(原标题：中国推生育新政引关注 放开“单独”二胎成效可期)
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