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The author:(作者)hpmailerpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/17 8:55:18 Conducive to curbing corruption of cadres housing the residence， to avoid waste of resources
"Aspect"
The decision made: norms and strictly implement the leaders ' working life protection system are not allowed to occupy the houses and office buildings, are not allowed to exceed the standard equipped with Office space and living accommodation. Explore implementing the residence system.
Glossary
Residence of property owned by the State
What is the "official residence"? China administrative system reform Research Association Secretary-General, said in an interview with the Beijing News Mr. Wang yukai, residence in a nutshell, it is within the mandate of the country to provide some level of official residence. Property right of residence is the country, officials of the only term I use, expiry of leave unconditionally.
Background "lying on the street" corruption prevention
The CPC Central Committee on several major issues of comprehensive reform decisions set forth to explore the background of the implementation of the residence system is?
Last month, the CPPCC Guangdong special research "to strengthen and improve macro-economic control, improving the quality and efficiency of economic growth", the Bureau Ou Weidong, Deputy Director of Guangdong Province suggested a nationwide survey of real estate, he admits to "do hard, would offend people."
National School of administration, Xu Yaotong, Professor believes that the nation "adjust" is hard and people, the key reason is that one of the leading cadres of the three corruption "on the corruption on the street" housing corruption.
Inspection Department released figures: in 2011, nationwide investigated and dealt with in violation of regulations for housing, sale and purchase of housing and other low-income housing party cadres 2,349, involving housing 6,398.
In addition, in recent years the number of corrupt officials when Lok Ma, found huge amounts of real estate. Former Director General of Zhejiang Provincial food and drug administration, such as the Honorable has 84 apartments, Shandong province Vice Governor Huang Sheng real estate 46 sets of Puxian in Shanxi's coal Bureau, former Director of Hao Pengjun 36 sets of premises, Deputy Director of the Shanghai Municipal Bureau of the original Tao Jiaoxing 30 sets of premises, former Governor Yang Weihong in Chuxiong Prefecture in Yunnan province has 23 sets of premises ... ...
Said Xu Yaotong, after 1994, housing reform, how to solve the houses of leading cadres, and becomes a big problem, "often relocation of our leaders, it is not possible to a new duty station, bought a House, so the senior cadre House also is implementing welfare distribution, which some units and some people find the power rent space."
Explore the mansion-2000 prototype
China administrative system reform Research Association General Secretary Mr. Wang yukai said, the State has long been aware of cadres housing corruption problems. Early in 2000, State organ Affairs Authority, and CPC Central Committee directly under the organ Affairs Authority on has issued in Beijing Central and State Ministerial cadres housing system reform implementation views under, which clear has provincial cadres of housing specifications and currency rooming of elements, a species degree Shang, the file has has residence system of prototype, "for governance housing corruption, up to has must role, but cadres offsite mobilization comparison frequently, so housing corruption wind no thoroughly brake live".
Mr. Wang yukai of the housing reform has been discussed housing corruption investigation, he thought about was divided into three phases: first some leading cadres "owned land to build" name, build more housing, and the subsequent terms some leading cadres to affect market price difference at low prices to "buy" housing at present, leading cadres have been violations accounted for, through "official" Villa. "For example, the people's daily reported in 2008, eastern shore of liujiang River in liuzhou, Guangxi, makes for four leading high-end residential communities, each set of more than 300 square meters, the price per square metre is equivalent to around half of the price."
"No matter the what stage, from the leaders in the housing development process on the issue of corruption, it seems that there has been collusion between market and power", said Wang Yukai.
What good is implementing the residence system?
Experts believe that "residence" in developed countries for many years, practice has shown that this initiative can be effectively restricted housing corruption. Said Xu Yaotong, at present China's officials housing system cured, is not conducive to the sustainable use of resources. Explore implementing the residence system, to avoid waste of resources. Zhuli Professor National School of administration in an interview with people's network reporter commented, residence of specification for help leading cadres ' housing problem. Mr. Wang yukai said, the establishment of "residence" as an important system of government reform, fighting corruption of cadres housing.
Implementation of the leading cadres must first clean up the existing housing
Experts believe that the implementation of "residence" must have the two premises: cleaning up existing houses of leading cadres, to find out the floor; establish cadre House open system, the introduction of supervision by the masses. "First to fanfare to cleanup cadres of existing housing", Mr. Wang yukai said, currently, cadres housing corruption forms both complex and widely, only figuring out base, to classification settlement, "cleanup of a standard is, on more accounted for housing of, deadline check and return, late not back of, while to by market rent standard, doubled rent; on the is discipline monitored stepped in, established housing corruption asked accountability system, on late not back of giving discipline Government disciplines disposition".
Mr. Wang yukai think, "residence system" of introduced, rely on cadres housing system whether open, "to developed and to social open different level cadres of housing standard; while, in established cadres housing situation regularly check registration system of based Shang, timely open cadres acquisition, and built, and trading, and rentals housing of actual situation and sources, related information, guarantees masses on cadres housing of informed right, only introduced masses supervision, ' residence system ' only does not motions".
"The residence" on our part or a new thing. Experts believe that the four matching system establishment: "the residence" construction standards and sources of funds; "the residence of the" relationship between tenure and ownership; violating disciplinary responsibility; "the residence" subject qualifications and conditions, namely the "residence" applicable where administrative level?
"What level of cadres, can own a residence, which needs careful research", said Xu Yaotong, United States and other countries of residence, apply only to heads of State and Governor, "in these countries, residence is not just official residence, but also show the national image of corporate sites, officials at the residence reception activities such as a banquet." In his view, the residence qualification should be strictly limited, "can only be a very small part of the officials, if the quantity, while national finance cannot afford, and formed ' privileged ' symbol".
The Beijing News reporter Wang Shu
(Original title: conducive to curbing the residence houses of leading cadres, corruption)
【看点】
《决定》提出：规范并严格执行领导干部工作生活保障制度，不准多处占用住房和办公用房，不准超标准配备办公用房和生活用房。探索实行官邸制。
■ 名词解释
官邸产权归国家所有
什么是“官邸制”？中国行政体制改革研究会秘书长汪玉凯接受新京报采访时说，官邸制总而言之，就是国家为一定级别的官员提供的任期内的住所。住所产权是国家的，官员本人只有任期内的使用权，任期届满须无条件退房。
背景 “摆在大街上的腐败”难防治
《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》提出探索实行官邸制的背景是什么？
上月，全国政协在广东专题调研“加强和改善宏观调控，提高经济增长质量和效益”时，广东省统计局副局长欧卫东建议搞一个全国性的房地产大普查，他坦言“这样做很难，还会得罪人”。
国家行政学院教授许耀桐认为，全国“房调”之所以难而且得罪人，关键原因就在于领导干部的三大腐败之一“摆在大街上的腐败”即住房腐败。
监察部公布的数字显示：2011年，全国查处违反规定多占住房、买卖经济适用房等保障性住房的党员干部2349人，涉及住房6398套。
此外，近年来多名贪官落马时，查出巨额房产。例如浙江省药监局原局长黄萌有84套房产，山东省原副省长黄胜有房产46套，山西蒲县煤炭局原局长郝鹏俊有房产36套，上海市房管局原副局长陶校兴有房产30套，云南省楚雄州原州长杨卫红有房产23套……
许耀桐说，1994年房改后，如何解决领导干部住房，就成为一大难题，“我国领导干部经常会异地调动，不可能每到一个新工作地点，就买一套房子，所以高级领导干部的住房一般还是实行福利分配，由此，一些单位和一些人就找到权力寻租的空间”。
探索 官邸制2000年现雏形
中国行政体制改革研究会秘书长汪玉凯说，国家早已意识到干部住房腐败问题。早在2000年，国务院机关事务管理局、中共中央直属机关事务管理局就曾下发《在京中央和国家机关部级干部住房制度改革实施意见》，其中明确了省部级干部的住房规格和货币分房的要件，某种程度上，该文件已有官邸制的雏形，“对于治理住房腐败，起到了一定作用，但是领导干部异地调动比较频繁，所以住房腐败风没有彻底刹住”。
汪玉凯曾就房改后的住房腐败做过调研，他认为大约分为三个阶段：最早有部分领导干部利用“自有土地自建房”等名义，多建多占住房；其后，一些领导干部以职权影响市场差价，低价“团购”住房；目前，已有领导干部违规占地，建造“官员别墅”。“例如《人民日报》2008年曾报道，广西柳州的柳江东岸，专为市四大班子领导建了高档住宅小区，每套300多平方米，每平方米售价仅相当于周边房价的一半”。
“不论是哪个阶段，从领导干部在住房问题上腐败的发展过程看，市场和权力勾结似乎一直存在”，汪玉凯说。
实施官邸制有什么好处？
专家认为，“官邸制”在发达国家实行多年，实践表明该项举措可有效制约住房腐败。许耀桐表示，目前我国官员住房体制固化，不利于资源的可持续利用。探索实行官邸制，能避免资源浪费。国家行政学院教授竹立家在接受人民网记者专访时谈到，官邸制有助于规范领导干部住房问题。汪玉凯则表示，建立“官邸制”作为政府自身改革的一项重要制度，有助于遏制领导干部住房腐败。
实施 须先清理领导干部现有住房
专家认为，实行“官邸制”须具备两个前提：清理领导干部现有住房，摸清底数；建立领导干部住房公开制度，引入群众监督。“首先要大张旗鼓地清理领导干部的现有住房”，汪玉凯说，目前，干部住房腐败形式既复杂又广泛，只有摸清底数，才能分类解决，“清理的一个标准就是，对多占住房的，限期清退，逾期不退的，一方面要按市场租金标准，加倍房租；另一方面就是纪检监察出面，建立住房腐败问责制度，对逾期不退的给予党纪政纪处分”。
汪玉凯认为，“官邸制”的推行，依赖干部住房制度是否公开，“要制定并向社会公开不同级别领导干部的住房标准；同时，在建立干部住房状况定期检查登记制度的基础上，及时公开干部购置、建造、交易、租赁住房的实际状况及其资金来源等相关信息，保障群众对干部住房的知情权，只有引入群众监督，‘官邸制’才不会走过场”。
“官邸制”对我国而言还是全新事物。专家学者们认为，四项配套制度亟待建立：“官邸”的建造标准和资金来源；“官邸”的使用权和所有权关系；违规违纪责任；“官邸制”的主体资格和条件，即“官邸制”适用到哪一级行政级别？
“哪些级别的干部，可以拥有官邸，这需要仔细调研”，许耀桐说，美国等国家的官邸，只适用于国家元首和州长，“在这些国家，官邸不仅仅是官员的住所，同时也是展示国家形象的公务场所，官员们在官邸举行宴会等招待活动”。他认为，我国官邸制的主体资格应严格限定，“只能是非常少的一部分官员，如果数量多了，一方面国家财政负担不起，另一方面又会形成‘特权’的象征”。
新京报记者 王姝
(原标题：官邸制利于遏制领导干部住房腐败)
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