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The author:(作者)hpmailerpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/17 8:55:21 Confirm that there are 544 species of exotic invasive species
Recently at the second International Congress on biological invasions, said: the invasion of alien species in China currently has confirmed that there are 544, these large areas, endangering more than more than 100 kinds of serious. Prevention of biological invasion in China is grim. At the meeting, the Ministry of science and technology "973" project Chief Scientist Wan Fanghao, told reporters biological invasion, now are many kinds of alien species invasion of my country, my country was subjected to biological invasion in one of the countries most.
More than 20 kinds of invasive species risk of outbreak
Wan Fanghao pointed out that biology concepts need to be clear. In General, a State initiative to introduce cultivation, plant breeding in order to enrich the people dining table or for protecting the ecological, landscaping, is not classified as a biological invasion. "Is not a country to initiate, have adverse impacts on local agriculture, environment and human and animal health, referred to as biological invasions".
It is reported that in published by the International Union for the conservation of nature in the Global 100 most threatening alien species, invasion of China, there are more than 50 species.
Said Wan Fanghao, nearly 10 years ago, my discovery of the Western flower thrips, Q-type bemisia tabaci, clover leaf miner more than more than 20 kinds of world risk and outbreak species invasion, an average annual increase of 1 to 2. In addition, in recent years, the drastic increase in the frequency of potential invasive species intercepted, dangerous alien species to the brink of the country.
Southwest Vice President Zhou Changyong believed that biological invasions, international trade of China's agricultural production, ecological systems and even humans and animals has serious health effects.
According to Zhou Changyong introduced, invasive species, variety, involving a wide range of biological invasion. The country's 34 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) are invasive species occurrences and hazards involving agricultural land, forests, water bodies, wetlands, grasslands, Islands, almost all ecosystems, such as urban populated areas, including agro-ecosystems are most severe.
Source widely used, the way many of the alien species, diverse geographical and climatic conditions, also for those from different regions facilitate species survival. In the 1980 of the 20th century, the exotic species showed faster growth trends in China, nearly 10 years added nearly 50 kinds of invasive species, more than 20 kinds of dangerous invasive species succession in China's large-area outbreak. These invasive species have caused severe economic loss and ecological disaster.
Invasive species endangering serious, pose a huge threat to agro-forestry production. According to preliminary estimates, 13 major forestry species such as pine wood nematode 57.4 billion yuan in direct economic loss to China each year. At the same time, causing serious environmental damage, leading to Habitat degradation and loss of biodiversity, indigenous species, particularly of rare and endangered species caused by deforestation and extinction. In 2000, the invasive species on wetlands and indirect economic losses caused by forest eco-system of 69.34 billion yuan and 15.44 billion yuan, respectively.
Dangerous alien species seriously affected international trade and causing huge economic losses to the import and export trade of agricultural products. Some invasive alien species such as ragweed, red imported fire ants also affects human and animal health and the social stability in recent years, the international biological invasions have been rising to "agro-terrorism" in height.
Outbound not back to produce biological invasion
According to the introduction, there are two main ways of biological invasion, a natural invasion, invasive species, climate change, wind, water, animal migrations, and other intrusive; second, human activities, such as trade, tourism and other entry and exit activity into it. "Human activity is the main way to biological invasions. "Wan Fanghao stressed.
Wan Fanghao, said the urgent need to strengthen the prevention and control of invasive alien species. Global protection, joint control is effective to prevent invasive alien species and ensure the economy, ecological safety and social stability in fundamental ways.
According to reports, research on biological invasions in China have boomed, other than basic research, and also launched a series of focused on the prevention and control of alien invasive technology innovation special research, database construction, testing and monitoring, early warning system, the proliferation of blocking, protection, control and sustainable governance has carried out research and development. Currently, the biological control of exotic pest control technology as the core system has played a very positive role as control in production.
Experts suggested that the multi-disciplinarily research methods should be further developed, must strengthen cooperation between the national authorities and efforts to upgrade accountability mechanisms, so that it matches the rules and practices of international trade, to China in international negotiations on issues relating to lay a solid foundation.
Preventing biological invasions also can do something
Experts point out that, at first, strengthening the popular science, let the public know what alien species invasion, the public once an outbreak is detected, it can quickly escalate, and prevention and control work. Secondly, in recent years, Chinese tourist destinations more widespread, direct international conference bringing creatures into Hong Kong Exposition, also increased significantly, entry time greatly increases the possibility of unintentional spread invasive species, biological invasion prevention put forward higher requirements.
Experts caution that visitors should actively cooperate with the work of customs and quarantine departments, and to avoid when traveling to endemic areas abroad, try not to take fruit, soil, and other items that are easily caused biological invasion. (Science Daily)
不久前的第二届国际生物入侵大会上透露：目前入侵中国的外来生物已经确认有544种，其中大面积发生、危害严重的达100多种。我国防范外来生物入侵的形势严峻。会上，科技部“973计划”生物入侵项目首席科学家万方浩对记者表示，目前入侵我国的外来生物种类很多，我国是遭受生物入侵最严重的国家之一。
20余种危险性入侵物种暴发成灾
万方浩指出，生物入侵概念需要明确。一般而言，一国主动引进加以培养、种植养殖，以便丰富国人餐桌或用于保护生态、美化环境等，不归类为生物入侵。“不是本国主动引进，对本土农业、生态环境和人畜健康产生不利影响，才能称为生物入侵”。
据悉，在国际自然保护联盟公布的全球100种最具威胁的外来物种中，入侵中国的就有50余种。
万方浩说，近10年来，我国相继发现了西花蓟马、Q型烟粉虱、三叶草斑潜蝇等20余种世界危险性与暴发性物种的入侵，平均每年增加1至2种。此外，近年来，我国潜在入侵物种截获频次急剧增加，危险性外来物种频临国门。
西南大学副校长周常勇认为，生物入侵给我国的农业生产、国际贸易、生态系统甚至人畜健康造成了严重影响。
据周常勇介绍，我国入侵生物种类多，生物入侵涉及面广。全国34个省(区、市)均有入侵生物发生和危害，涉及农田、森林、水域、湿地、草地、岛屿、城市居民区等几乎所有的生态系统，其中农业生态系统最为严重。
外来物种的来源广、途径多，我国多样化的地理气候条件，也为这些源于不同地区物种的生存提供了便利。20世纪80年代以来，外来物种在我国呈现出更快的增长趋势，近10年新增入侵物种近50种，20余种危险性入侵物种接连在我国大面积暴发成灾。这些入侵物种已导致严重的经济损失与生态灾难。
入侵生物危害严重，给农林业生产构成了巨大的威胁。据初步估计，松材线虫等13种主要农林入侵物种每年对我国造成574亿元的直接经济损失。同时，还造成生态环境的严重破坏，导致生态退化和生物多样性丧失，引起土著种尤其是珍稀濒危物种的消失和灭绝。2000年，外来有害生物对湿地和森林生态系统造成的间接经济损失分别达693.4亿元和154.4亿元人民币。
危险性外来物种还严重影响国际贸易，给农产品进出口贸易带来巨大的经济损失。有些外来入侵物种如豚草、红火蚁等还影响人畜健康与社会安定，近年来，国际上已将生物入侵上升到“农业生物恐怖”的高度。
出境游不要带回易造成生物入侵物品
据介绍，生物入侵的主要途径有两种，一是自然入侵，即入侵物种随着气候变化，跟着风、水流、动物迁徙等侵入；二是人为活动，如贸易、旅游等出入境活动带入。“人为活动是生物入侵的主要途径。”万方浩强调。
万方浩表示，我国急需加强对外来物种入侵的预防与控制工作。全球联防联控是有效阻止外来物种入侵，保障经济、生态安全和社会稳定的根本途径。
据介绍，我国的生物入侵研究有了蓬勃发展，除基础理论研究外，还启动了一系列专注于外来入侵防控技术创新的专项研究，并在数据库建设、检测监测、预警体系构建、扩散阻断、区域联防联控和持续治理等方面开展了研究和建设。目前，以生物防治为核心的外来有害生物持续治理技术体系已在生产中发挥了很好的控制作用。
专家建议，还应进一步发展多学科融合的研究方法，必须增强国家各相关部门的合作与努力，升级责任机制，使之与国际贸易规则和国际惯例相匹配，以期为中国在有关问题上的国际谈判奠定更好的基础。
阻止生物入侵还应该做些什么
专家指出，首先应加强科普，让公众知道哪些是外来生物入侵，这样公众一旦发现疫情，可以迅速上报，并配合防控工作。其次，近年来，国人旅游目的地越来越广泛，直接携带生物入境的国际会议如各种博览会等也明显增多，人员入境时有意无意传播入侵物种的可能性大大增加，给生物入侵的防范提出了更高的要求。
专家提醒，游客应积极配合海关等检疫部门的工作，到国外旅游时尽量避免去疫区，尽量不要带水果、土壤等易于造成生物入侵的物品。 (科技日报)
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