Go homepage(回首页) Upload pictures (上传图片) Write articles (发文字帖)
The author:(作者)hpmailerpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/17 8:55:53 Expert：Break the youngster， exam admission must be separated
"Aspect"
The decision made: to promote examination reform of enrollment system, relative isolation, students explore the admissions and examinations exam multiple choice, school autonomy according to law admissions organizations, professional bodies, the Government's macro-economic management, the operation mechanism of society participation in monitoring, fundamentally solve the drawbacks of exams for life.
Fully under the background of deepening reform, closely watched entrance go from here? Yesterday, the CPC Central Committee on several major issues of comprehensive reform decision (referred to in the decision) officially released and offered to promote the reform of enrollment system of examinations, and fundamentally solve "exams be all and end all" disadvantages.
Xiong bingqi, Deputy Director of 21st century Education Research Institute believes that separation exam enrollment must be at the core of the reform of college entrance examination, separation without advancing the examination enrollment, but only in the exam, the examination form do the restructuring, it will be difficult to break the current examination-oriented education system to effectively alleviate test anxiety in society.
Yesterday, surveyed industry believe, according to recruit the principle of separating general reforms that can be summed up in three different speculations, and three suspect will infer the different effects of reform.
Industry generally felt that implements the test admission separate, asked government departments to test the right to organize to social institutions, handed over to the University enrolment autonomy and right of choice to the students ' exams. So, how Administrative Department of education decentralization will be the reform of the battle.
For the Central spirit, CPC was convened yesterday the Ministry of education, studying, promoting comprehensive reform focusing on work in the field of education, "to get together to implement the full main task of deepening educational reform and major initiatives to come up, go all out to beat a good comprehensive education reform battle, striving for better satisfying education. ”
Suppose 1
Repeatedly admitted to the exam only once
Referred to in the decision, to promote the reform of enrollment system of examinations, examinations can be selected more than once.
"Our entrance actually faces a great challenge is that many parents choose to send their children abroad, not in the national college entrance examination. "Party Secretary Li Yuming Beijing language and Culture University believes that this shows that college entrance exam system must be reformed, but what is a problem.
According to its introduction, in practice, some provinces and cities have already been carried out nationwide college entrance examination twice, college entrance examination is organized in two seasons of spring, summer, and many also has its own entrance examination in colleges and universities and even organized the joint entrance examination.
But Xiong bingqi, Deputy Director of 21st century Education Research Institute believes that such an examination reform of current, confined to "exams for multiple exams, but remains concentrated admitted" mode.
For example, in 2008, the college entrance examination in Jiangsu province to take "comprehensive evaluation of the level of academic achievement, academic test scores," the combined enrolment pattern. The surface, which dynamically examines students ' comprehensive qualities, but because of the centralized admission must be sorted in accordance with high and low scores then throw file, followed by acceptance, and each candidate will receive a sheet of letter of acceptance.
Therefore, the anxiety and burden on them, far from diminishing, is likely to increase. Figuratively speaking, decentralized college entrance examinations, centralized admissions, by the "decapitation" change "stripped".
Comment: no matter how good students still can only accept University one-way options
Guess 2
Exams may change many times taking
"Independently for school admissions, but now there is no exam law, laws relating to examination content. "Yesterday, the China Academy of educational sciences researcher Chu Chaohui said, in the long run, education reform is premised on the best in accordance with the legislative procedure, introduction of a test method, by standardizing the autonomous enrollment.
In his view, the current independent recruitment only in an executive-led Government opened a small port on the education recruitment mechanism, "was also said to be discharging small ports," breed corruption in admissions.
"Independent of the school admission is still just a small part. "Li Yuming believes that at many colleges and universities have not yet ready for fully autonomous enrollment, as he served as the Party Secretary of the Beijing language and Culture University, although many minority professionals into the early batches have been accepted, but at the time of admission, focusing on light scored.
On this, 21st century education Institute Deputy Dean Xiong bingqi think, this actually can development became entrance audition way of "second heavy realm", that "maintained a exam, changed a times admitted for repeatedly admitted", simple for, is College according to applications who of entrance results (or academic level test results), and middle school academic results, and integrated evaluation, combines School of interview visits, autonomous admitted candidates, candidates can got more Zhang admitted notice.
For example, on the basis of existing University entrance examination at Beijing University, Sun Yat-sen University, Fudan University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University at the time of admission, had independently raised more than 620 points can apply for, candidates who reach 620 points, you can apply for the above 4, and then got admission scholarships for professional, make sure that you choose the University.
"This mode of recruitment examinations did not increase in the number, but significant increase in students ' right to choose, school visits to the students, have recovered scores only basis. "Xiong bingqi says.
Comment: few games, most students qualify to participate in
Guess 3
Admitted to multiple examinations several times
Xiong bingqi believes that such examinations, enrolment and recruit relative separation was achieved, while school enrolment autonomy, but also increase the students ' right to choose.
He further stated that, if that operation matured, then direction of reform can be based on this, one year exam, resulting in multiple examinations, multiple choice, multiple admissions, establishing their brand new multi evaluation system.
Examination can be admitted to having the same effect more than once the academic proficiency test, candidates may take any one accomplishment, to apply for colleges and universities, colleges and universities to build on this achievement, integrated comprehensive qualities of students ' academic achievement in secondary schools, making their own admissions, "at the second level, on the basis, reduce the examination pressure on them again. ”
Isolation mode for this audition, Chu Chaohui, a researcher at China Academy of educational sciences there is a vivid metaphor, "is to form a relationship between student and school relationships. "That is independent of the University Admissions, while each student can receive more than one university admission, free select the relationship between parties.
Chu Chaohui said the separation of recruiting reforms conducive to a variety of colleges and universities, in order to attract different levels of students, and meet the needs of different groups of candidates, the school will focus on the development of their own major fields, more accurate positioning themselves to achieve diversification of the University.
In addition, universities comply with pipes, Office, on the separation of directions, dealing with the relationship between themselves and the Government, if it is to enhance the quality of enrollment, establishing a professional admissions team, achieving professional examination and evaluation.
But Xiong bingqi worry, how to push administrative departments of education decentralization would be reform of the battle, or reform will remain suspended in the air may be difficult landing.
And as a practice in colleges and universities, Beijing language and Culture University Party Committee Secretary Li Yuming believes that Central about a direction, "I feel steadily, if advancing too fast, especially not ensure fairness, reform will meet strong resistance. ”
Comment: students and schools free love, each choice
Once took in experimental
Zhejiang high school entrance examination listening
In 2009, Zhejiang college English listening comprehension sections are usually held, there are two exams and each student opportunities. From the high school, students may decide to take the examination time, higher twice and select the test results included in the college entrance examination scores.
Tianjin hearing test two sets of rolls
2010, the English listening comprehension test for college entrance examination in Tianjin together no longer ', along with the other subjects, revised exam from June to March. Candidates may participate in English listening comprehension tests a, b two sets of papers in the examination, examination arrangements in two papers of the same date. Two papers, one score, get higher scores as an English listening test the final score.
Jiangsu, listening and social examination
In 2012, the heard part of the English test for college entrance examination in Jiangsu social English exam, candidates have opportunities to take the test more than once a year, get bad students can study.
Sound
Real depth of new round reform of college entrance examination depends on whether separation of push exam admission, which also tested whether administrative departments of education decentralization really, because of the separation of examination admission, asking Government departments to test the right to organize to the Community institutions and handed over to the University enrolment autonomy, right of choice to the students ' exams, to establish a new exam enrolment patterns.
--21 century education Vice President Xiong bingqi
This version of writing/Beijing News reporter Xu Luyang
(Original title: breaking the "exams for life" exam admission separate)
【看点】
《决定》提出：推进考试招生制度改革，探索招生和考试相对分离、学生考试多次选择、学校依法自主招生、专业机构组织实施、政府宏观管理、社会参与监督的运行机制，从根本上解决一考定终身的弊端。
全面深化改革的大背景下，备受关注的高考将何去何从？昨日，《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》(简称《决定》)正式发布，提出要推进考试招生制度改革，从根本上解决“一考定终身”的弊端。
21世纪教育研究院副院长熊丙奇认为，高考改革必须以考试招生分离为核心，如果不推进考试招生分离，而只是在考试科目、考试形式上做改革调整，将很难打破当前的应试教育体系，切实缓解社会的考试焦虑。
昨日，受访业内人士认为，根据招考分离的原则，大体可以总结出三种不同的改革猜想，而三种猜想也将推导出不同的改革效果。
业内人士普遍认为，实行考试招生分离，要求政府部门把考试组织权交给社会机构，把招生自主权交给大学，把考试选择权交给学生。因此，怎样推进教育行政部门放权，将是改革的攻坚战。
针对此次中央精神，教育部党组已于昨日召开会议，研究部署扎实推进教育领域综合改革重点工作，“要把力量凝聚到落实全面深化教育改革的主要任务和重大举措上来，全力以赴打好教育领域综合改革攻坚战，努力办好人民满意的教育。”
猜想1
考试很多次录取只一回
《决定》提到，要推进考试招生制度改革，学生考试可多次选择。
“我们的高考确实面临很大挑战，就是不少家长选择将孩子送到国外，不在国内高考了。”北京语言大学党委书记李宇明认为，这说明高考制度必须要改革，但怎么改是个问题。
据其介绍，实际上，全国已有部分省市开展两次高考，即在春、夏两季分别组织高考，而不少高校也已开展自主招生考试，甚至组织联考。
但21世纪教育研究院副院长熊丙奇认为，当前的这种考试改革，只局限于“变一考为多考，但仍集中录取”的模式。
举例而言，2008年，江苏地区高考，即采取“高考成绩、学业水平测试成绩、综合评价”相结合的录取方式。表面看，这种方式动态考察了学生的综合素质，但由于在集中录取中，必须依照分数高低排序依次投档，依次录取，而且每个考生只能拿到一张录取通知书。
于是，考生的焦虑和负担，非但没有减少，反而可能增加。有人形象地说，分散高考、集中录取，是由“斩首”变“凌迟”。
点评：无论学生多么优秀，仍只能接受高校的单向选择
猜想2
一考可换多次录取
“学校要依法自主招生，但现在没有考试法，只是相关法律里面有涉及考试内容。”昨日，中国教育科学研究院研究员储朝晖说，从长远来看，教改的前提是最好按照立法程序，出台一部考试法，对自主招生进行规范。
他认为，目前的自主招生只是在行政主导的教育招考机制上开了一个小口，“有人还说是流脓的小口”，滋生了招生腐败。
“学校的自主录取仍然只是一小部分。”李宇明认为，目前很多高校尚未做好完全自主招生的准备，就如他担任党委书记的北京语言大学，虽然已经将很多小语种专业纳入提前批次录取，但也要在录取学生时，重点参照高考成绩。
对此，21世纪教育研究院副院长熊丙奇认为，这实际上可以发展成为高考招考方式的“第二重境界”，即“维持一考，变一次录取为多次录取”，简单来说，就是高校根据申请者的高考成绩(或学业水平测试成绩)、中学学业成绩、综合评价，结合学校的面试考察，自主录取考生，考生可拿到多张录取通知书。
举例而言，在现有高考基础上，北京大学、中山大学、复旦大学、上海交大在录取时，均自主提出620分以上者可以申请，达到620分的考生，则可以申请以上这4校，再根据拿到的录取专业、奖学金确认自己选择哪所高校。
“这种招考方式，考试次数没增加，但学生的选择权大大增加，学校对学生的考察，也摆脱分数这唯一依据。”熊丙奇说。
点评：少数人的游戏，多数学生无缘参与
猜想3
多次考试多次录取
熊丙奇认为，这样的考试、招生方式，就实现了招考相对分离，既能落实学校的招生自主权，又能扩大学生的选择权。
他进一步指出，如果此举操作成熟，以后的改革方向就可以是在此基础上，实行一年多次考试，最终形成多次考试、多次选择、多次录取，建立其全新的多元评价体系。
多次考试可以是对录取具有同等效用的学业水平测试，考生可拿任何一次成绩，去申请高校，高校则以这一成绩为基础，综合学生的中学学业成绩、综合素质进行自主录取，“在第二重境界基础上，再次减轻考生的考试压力。”
对于这种招考分离模式，中国教育科学研究院研究员储朝晖有个形象的比喻，“就是学生和学校之间要形成谈恋爱的关系。”也就是大学可以独立进行录取，而每个学生可以获得多张大学录取通知书，双方建立自由的相互选择关系。
储朝晖说，招考分离的改革方向有利于各类高校，为了吸引不同层次的考生，满足各类考生需求，学校将重点发展自己的优势学科，更准确定位自身，实现大学多元化发展。
此外，大学也要按照管、办、评分离的方向，处理好自身与政府之间的关系，如要提升招生质量，就要建立专业招生团队，实现专业考核、评价。
但熊丙奇担心，怎样推进教育行政部门放权，将是改革的攻坚战，否则，改革就可能一直悬在空中难以落地。
而作为高校一线实践者，北京语言大学党委书记李宇明认为，中央讲的是一个发展方向，“我自己感觉要稳步推进，如果推进太快，特别是保证不了公平性，改革将遇到强大阻力。”
点评：学生与学校自由恋爱，双方互相选择
■ 曾经走过的那些实验
浙江 高二就可考听力
2009年起，浙江高考英语的听力部分被放到平时举行，且每名学生有两次考试机会。从高二起，学生可自主决定参加考试的时间，并选择两次考试中的较高成绩计入高考总分。
天津 听力可考两套卷
2010年起，天津市高考英语听力考试不再随同其他统考科目一并进行，考试时间由6月份调整至3月份。考生可参加英语听力考试A、B两套试卷的考试，两套试卷的考试安排在同一场次进行。两套试卷分别记分，取其中较高的分数作为英语听力考试最终成绩。
江苏 英语听说变社会考试
2012年，江苏高考英语考试的听说部分变成社会英语考试，考生一年有多次机会参加考试，考得不好的同学还可以再考。
■ 声音
新一轮高考改革能否真正深入取决于是否切实推进考试招生分离，而这也考验教育行政部门是否真正放权，因为实行考试招生分离，要求政府部门把考试组织权交给社会机构，把招生自主权交给大学，把考试选择权交给学生，要建立全新的考试招生格局。
——21世纪教育研究院副院长熊丙奇
本版采写/新京报记者 许路阳
(原标题：打破“一考定终身” 考试录取须分离)
赞