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The author:(作者)hpmailerpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/17 8:56:12 Giving people shares have inheritance rights of collective assets _ Sina news
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Giving people more rights of property
Unbalanced development in urban and rural areas are not coordinated, are contradictions in China's economic and social development is a comprehensive well-off society and accelerating socialist modernization must be built to address the major issues. Since reform and opening up, China's rural landscape has undergone dramatic changes. However, fundamental changes in the urban-rural dual structure, and urban-rural development gap widening trend is not reversed. Addressing these issues at all, you must promote the integration of urban and rural development.
Decided to propose to the plenary a sound reform of the institutional mechanisms for the integration of urban and rural development initiatives.
One is to speed up the construction of new agricultural management system. Mainly adhere to the family-run in the basic position of agriculture, encourage rural economic development cooperation, encouraging and guiding business capital to rural development for enterprise management of modern animal husbandry industry, allowing farmers the right to land contractual management stake in the development of agricultural industrialization management and so on.
Second, giving people more rights of property. Mainly safeguarding farmers ' land contract and management rights, protection of farmers ' collective economic organizations and members to safeguard farmers ' land usufruct, seriously promoting pilot housing mortgage, guarantee, transfer of property rights of farmers.
Third, advancing the following key elements: equal exchange and balanced allocation of public resources. Main is guarantees farmers workers equal pay for equal work, guarantees farmers fair share land value-added proceeds; perfect agricultural insurance system; encourages social capital into rural construction, allows enterprise and social organization in rural set up various career; integrated in urban and rural areas compulsory resources balanced configuration, integration in urban and rural areas residents basic endowment insurance system, and basic medical insurance system, advance in urban and rural areas minimum life guarantees system integrated development, steadily advance town basic public service resident population full cover, Settled farmers into urban housing and fully integrated into the social security system.
--XI Jinping, with regard to the comprehensive description of the decision on deepening reform
Promoting farmers ' housing mortgage of property rights transfer
Improve institutional mechanisms for the integration of urban and rural development
Dual structure of urban and rural areas are the major obstacles to the integration of urban and rural development. Sound institutional mechanisms must be formed by industry promotes agriculture, urban areas, industry and agriculture for mutual benefit, in urban and rural areas of new urban-rural relationship of workers and peasants, for equal participation of peasants modernization process, to share results of modernization.
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Speeding up the construction of new agricultural management system. Adhere to the basic status of household business in agriculture, promote family-run, collective management, cooperative management, entrepreneurship and innovation of agricultural management modes of joint development. Adhere to the collective ownership of rural land, and safeguard farmers ' land contract and management rights in accordance with law and develop collective economy. Stabilize the rural land contract relations and remain unchanged for long, in adhering to and perfecting the most strict arable land protection system subject to giving people on contract to possess, use, income, mortgage, guarantee of transfer and contract authority, allows farmers to contract a stake in developing industrialized operation of agriculture. Encourages contracting in the public markets to professional major, transfer of family farms, farmers ' cooperatives, agricultural enterprises, development of various forms of scale.
To encourage rural economic development cooperation, support the development of large-scale, specialized and modernized management, allowing financial project funding directed cooperatives that meet the criteria, allowing financial assistance form the assets transferred to the holding and management of cooperatives, allows cooperatives credit cooperation. Encouraging and guiding business capital to rural development for enterprise management of modern animal husbandry industry, to enter the modern agricultural factors of production and business models.
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Giving people more rights of property. Protection of farmers ' collective economic organizations and members, active development of farmers cooperative stock, giving people, paid out of the proceeds of shares have, of collective assets and mortgages, guarantees, the right to inheritance.
Protection of farmers ' land usufruct, reforming and perfecting land system in rural areas, select a number of pilot seriously promoting housing mortgage, guarantee, transfer of property rights of farmers, increase peasants ' property income.
Establishment of property right circulation in rural markets, promote rural property right circulation transactions open, fair and standardized running.
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Advancing the following key elements: equal exchange and balanced allocation of public resources. Maintain elements of farmers ' rights and interests, protection of migrant workers equal pay for equal work, protection of farmers ' fair sharing of the benefits the value of land, guaranteed financial institutions deposits in rural areas is mainly used for agriculture and rural areas. Agricultural support system, reform of the agricultural subsidy system, perfect the grain-producing regions benefit compensation mechanism. Perfecting the agricultural insurance systems. Encourage social capital into rural areas, allows enterprises and social organizations in the countryside toward all kinds of services. Urban and rural infrastructure development and community-building and advancing the Equalization of basic public services.
Strictly control the size of mega-cities population
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Improve institutional mechanisms for the healthy development of urbanization. Stick to the new road to urbanization with Chinese characteristics, promoting people-centred on urbanization, promoting coordinated development of medium and small cities and small towns, industries and urban integration, promote the coordinated advance of urbanization and new countryside construction. Optimizing urban spatial structure and management structure, enhance the overall bearing capacity of the city.
Advancing the innovation of urban construction and management. Establish a transparent code for urban construction investment and financing mechanism allows local governments through issuing bonds in several ways, such as widening the financing channel of urban construction, allows social capital in urban infrastructure investments, including through franchising and operation research building urban infrastructure, housing policy-oriented financial institutions. Perfect located city standards, strict examination and approval procedures, on Administrative Division adjustment to the County to be orderly city. Town to absorb large population, strong economic strength, commensurate with population and economies of scale could be granted administrative rights. Establishment and improvement of urban development coordination mechanisms across the region.
Promote agriculture transfer of population urbanization, gradually moving eligible agricultural population into urban residents. Population management innovation, accelerate the reform of household registration system, open settled in towns and small cities limits, an orderly release settled in a middle-sized city limits, reasonably determine conditions settled in big cities, strictly control the size of mega-cities population. Steadily push forward urban resident population of full coverage of basic public services, settled farmers into urban housing and fully integrated into the social security system in rural old-age pension and medical insurance with the participation of specification into urban social security system. A fiscal transfer payments linked to the transfer of population urbanization of agriculture machinery, strict rational supply of urban construction land, increase the utilization of urban land.
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Property rights
15th comprehensive reform of the CPC Central Committee on several major issues decided to make "the establishment of the integrated urban and rural construction land market" and that "giving people more rights of property". Experts believe that in the field of land and resources, the grasp of a socialist country ruled by law property rights of equality on the right to development, the core of the market economy, urban and rural areas in our country entered a new era of chess moves, everything live.
Wen tiejun, Dean of Renmin University of China agriculture and rural development: the decision to combine farmers ' housing market and the financial sector. First meaning is quite clear, which means farmers can be pilot House sale like town houses.
Director of the rural development Institute of Chinese Academy of social sciences macro-Dang Guoying: the decision emphasized the equal integration of urban and rural, urban and rural. Giving people more property rights, mainly land property, including mortgage, disposition and most fundamental trading rights. To speed up the right assurance benefits. Systematic holistic reform requirements. Joe: deflects hopes to reverse the individual situation, complete set, below the red line, eco-line, once again become a hot spot for China's reform in rural areas.
Contracted to buy into
Wen tiejun, Dean of Renmin University of China agriculture and rural development: the farmer's land contract right to equities, mortgage, which is a breakthrough, but it also has a very big risk for farmers.
New urbanization
Senior research fellow, Chinese research society for restructuring economy Guan Qingyou: migrant workers is the largest beneficiary groups of urbanization in this round. New urbanization cannot be pie, to be people-centred, industry, settled down after attracting people into employment. Societe Generale in xingcheng, avoid empty ghost town, to focus on the provision of infrastructure and public services.
Associate Professor, national school of administration, Wang Haiyan: promoting urbanization. City to hand, to launch an institutional innovation and reform, such as adjustment of the Central and local tax system, reform of the household registration system, land reform, decentralization of approval authority. Urbanization process of the Government's role, played the role of markets; both top-level and needed a place to practice first with the masses.
Chinese Academy of social sciences Academician Wang Tong III: for transfer to the city we want equal treatment for farmers and urban dwellers. In addition, the peasants ' urban and rural land urbanization is an important issue. Urban development itself needs to land on the one hand, and how one hand can make farmers in rural property into city life after a base, guaranteed.
(Original title: empowerment of farmers ' collective assets shares in possession of inheritance)
说明
赋予农民更多财产权利
城乡发展不平衡不协调，是我国经济社会发展存在的突出矛盾，是全面建成小康社会、加快推进社会主义现代化必须解决的重大问题。改革开放以来，我国农村面貌发生了翻天覆地的变化。但是，城乡二元结构没有根本改变，城乡发展差距不断拉大趋势没有根本扭转。根本解决这些问题，必须推进城乡发展一体化。
全会决定提出了健全城乡发展一体化体制机制的改革举措。
一是加快构建新型农业经营体系。主要是坚持家庭经营在农业中的基础性地位，鼓励农村发展合作经济，鼓励和引导工商资本到农村发展适合企业化经营的现代种养业，允许农民以土地承包经营权入股发展农业产业化经营等。
二是赋予农民更多财产权利。主要是依法维护农民土地承包经营权，保障农民集体经济组织成员权利，保障农户宅基地用益物权，慎重稳妥推进农民住房财产权抵押、担保、转让试点。
三是推进城乡要素平等交换和公共资源均衡配置。主要是保障农民工同工同酬，保障农民公平分享土地增值收益；完善农业保险制度；鼓励社会资本投向农村建设，允许企业和社会组织在农村兴办各类事业；统筹城乡义务教育资源均衡配置，整合城乡居民基本养老保险制度、基本医疗保险制度，推进城乡最低生活保障制度统筹发展，稳步推进城镇基本公共服务常住人口全覆盖，把进城落户农民完全纳入城镇住房和社会保障体系。
——习近平关于《全面深化改革决定》的说明
推进农民住房财产权抵押转让
健全城乡发展一体化体制机制
城乡二元结构是制约城乡发展一体化的主要障碍。必须健全体制机制，形成以工促农、以城带乡、工农互惠、城乡一体的新型工农城乡关系，让广大农民平等参与现代化进程、共同分享现代化成果。
加快构建新型农业经营体系。坚持家庭经营在农业中的基础性地位，推进家庭经营、集体经营、合作经营、企业经营等共同发展的农业经营方式创新。坚持农村土地集体所有权，依法维护农民土地承包经营权，发展壮大集体经济。稳定农村土地承包关系并保持长久不变，在坚持和完善最严格的耕地保护制度前提下，赋予农民对承包地占有、使用、收益、流转及承包经营权抵押、担保权能，允许农民以承包经营权入股发展农业产业化经营。鼓励承包经营权在公开市场上向专业大户、家庭农场、农民合作社、农业企业流转，发展多种形式规模经营。
鼓励农村发展合作经济，扶持发展规模化、专业化、现代化经营，允许财政项目资金直接投向符合条件的合作社，允许财政补助形成的资产转交合作社持有和管护，允许合作社开展信用合作。鼓励和引导工商资本到农村发展适合企业化经营的现代种养业，向农业输入现代生产要素和经营模式。
赋予农民更多财产权利。保障农民集体经济组织成员权利，积极发展农民股份合作，赋予农民对集体资产股份占有、收益、有偿退出及抵押、担保、继承权。
保障农户宅基地用益物权，改革完善农村宅基地制度，选择若干试点，慎重稳妥推进农民住房财产权抵押、担保、转让，探索农民增加财产性收入渠道。
建立农村产权流转交易市场，推动农村产权流转交易公开、公正、规范运行。
推进城乡要素平等交换和公共资源均衡配置。维护农民生产要素权益，保障农民工同工同酬，保障农民公平分享土地增值收益，保障金融机构农村存款主要用于农业农村。健全农业支持保护体系，改革农业补贴制度，完善粮食主产区利益补偿机制。完善农业保险制度。鼓励社会资本投向农村建设，允许企业和社会组织在农村兴办各类事业。统筹城乡基础设施建设和社区建设，推进城乡基本公共服务均等化。
严格控制特大城市人口规模
完善城镇化健康发展体制机制。坚持走中国特色新型城镇化道路，推进以人为核心的城镇化，推动大中小城市和小城镇协调发展、产业和城镇融合发展，促进城镇化和新农村建设协调推进。优化城市空间结构和管理格局，增强城市综合承载能力。
推进城市建设管理创新。建立透明规范的城市建设投融资机制，允许地方政府通过发债等多种方式拓宽城市建设融资渠道，允许社会资本通过特许经营等方式参与城市基础设施投资和运营，研究建立城市基础设施、住宅政策性金融机构。完善设市标准，严格审批程序，对具备行政区划调整条件的县可有序改市。对吸纳人口多、经济实力强的镇，可赋予同人口和经济规模相适应的管理权。建立和完善跨区域城市发展协调机制。
推进农业转移人口市民化，逐步把符合条件的农业转移人口转为城镇居民。创新人口管理，加快户籍制度改革，全面放开建制镇和小城市落户限制，有序放开中等城市落户限制，合理确定大城市落户条件，严格控制特大城市人口规模。稳步推进城镇基本公共服务常住人口全覆盖，把进城落户农民完全纳入城镇住房和社会保障体系，在农村参加的养老保险和医疗保险规范接入城镇社保体系。建立财政转移支付同农业转移人口市民化挂钩机制，从严合理供给城市建设用地，提高城市土地利用率。
■ 解读
财产权利
15日公布的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》提出“建立城乡统一的建设用地市场”，“赋予农民更多财产权利”。国土资源领域专家认为，这准确把握了社会主义法治国家的平等发展权问题、市场经济核心的产权问题，使我国城乡统筹进入一着棋动、全盘皆活的新时期。
中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院院长温铁军：《决定》把农民住宅市场和金融领域结合了。第一层意思是很清楚的，就是说可以试点将农民的房子像城里人的房子一样进行买卖。
中国社科院农村发展研究所宏观室主任党国英：《决定》强调城乡一体化、城乡平等。赋予农民更多财产权利，主要是土地财产权，包括抵押、处置及最根本的交易权。要加快确权，保障权益。整体性改革有系统性要求。希望扭转单兵突进局面，完善配套，在耕地红线、生态红线之下，使农村再次成为中国改革的热土。
承包地入股
中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院院长温铁军：农民的土地承包权可以入股、抵押，这些是突破，但对农民来说也具有很大的风险。
新型城镇化
中国经济体制改革研究会高级研究员管清友：农民工群体是这一轮城镇化的最大受益群体。新型城镇化不能摊大饼，要以人为核心，要有产业，吸引人就业后安定下来。要兴业兴城，避免出现空城鬼城，要注重基础设施建设和公共服务的提供。
国家行政学院副教授王海彦：要稳妥推进城镇化。要以城镇化为抓手，推动相关的制度创新和体制改革，比如中央和地方分税制的调整、户籍制度的改革、土地制度的改革、审批权的下放等。城镇化过程当中要做到既发挥政府的作用，又发挥市场的作用；既需要顶层设计，又需要地方实践和群众首创。
中国社会科学院学部委员汪同三：我们要为转移到城市的农民提供和城市居民同等的待遇。此外，解决农民城乡用地是城镇化建设的重要问题。一方面城市发展本身需要土地；另一方面如何能够使农民在农村的财产变成城市生活以后的一种基础、保障。
（原标题：赋予农民集体资产股份占有继承权）
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