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The author:(作者)hpmailerpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/17 8:56:33 Health Planning Commission interpretation of a separate second implementation details
November 16, the country's health and family planning Board today announced the State family planning Commission, Wang Peian, Deputy Director of health, adhere to the basic State policy of family planning launched a separate two-child policy to reporters, following is a transcript:
Reporter: 18 the decision of the third plenary session of the Party suggested that the launch party for the policy of one-child couples to have two children (hereinafter referred to as a separate two-child policy). The policy received wide attention. Why choose launch at this stage?
Wang Peian, Deputy Director: enter in this century, China's population situation has undergone major changes. Populous is still our basic national conditions and structural problems of the population becoming increasingly important factors affecting economic and social development.
Is a low birth rate steadily declining. The early 90, total fertility rate drops below replacement level in China, which now stands at 1.5~1.6, reaching the average level of developed countries. While keeping the total population continues to grow, but weaker inertia. If current fertility policy does not change, total fertility rates will continue to decline, the total population will rapidly declining after the peak, affecting long-term balanced population development and the long-term development of the Chinese nation.
Second, population structural problems have become increasingly prominent. The working-age population began to decline in 2012, compared with 3.45 million drop; beyond 2023, with an average annual reduction of about 8 million people. Population aging accelerates, 2013 elderly population aged 60 and over will reach 200 million, mid century 30 will reach 400 million, from the current proportion of total population one-seventh to the cent. With chronically high sex ratio at birth, have been high for nearly 20 years, 2012 up to 117.7.
Third, family size continued to be held back. "Six General" data show that household 3.1 people nationwide, representing a "five-General" reduction of 0.34, compared with household and 4.43 in the early 80, down 1.33. One-child families more than 150 million households, and increase the proportion of elderly people living alone, the weakening of the traditional functions of the family.
Four great changes in both urban and rural residents ' desire for giving birth. Along with the economic and social development and the improvement of the living standards of the masses, fewer and healthier births, births, cultivating excellence concept is emerging.
In 1980, the Communist Party of China on the control of population growth of an open letter to all the Communist League members said: "after 30 years, the special State of population growth would ease, it can take a variety of population policy." Currently, launched a separate two-child policy, timing favorable conditions.
Reporter: what current launched a separate two-child policy?
Wang Peian, Deputy Director: launched a separate two-child policy, family planning policy important adjustment of sound, is adapted to new demographic situation, major initiatives in line with public opinion. Its meaning is mainly reflected in the three "advantages":
A is implementation alone two kid policy, conducive to keep reasonable of labour scale, delaying population ageing speed, promotion economic continued health development, for achieved Chinese great revival of "China dream" created good of population environment; II is conducive to gradually achieved national policy and masses wishes of unified, upgrade family against risk of capacity, enhanced family endowment care features, promotion family happiness and social harmony; three is conducive to stable moderate low fertility level, promotion population long-term balanced development, promotion population and economic, and social Coordination, resources, the environment and sustainable development.
Reporter: what had been done to prepare before you introduce it?
Wang Peian, Deputy Director: according to the instruction from the Central leading comrades, since 2008, I started adjusting the perfect preparation for fertility policy and organization to carry out an in-depth investigation and demonstration. Through "Eleven-Five" population development planning end period assessment, and "thousand village fertility investigation", and "150 a County only children marriage situation investigation", and in national range within carried out has 0~9sui low age population based information verification, and uses education, and police, and statistics, related sector of data carried out than on and calibration,, on my population total and structure, and fertility status and the population changes trend has has comparison objective, and accurate of judgment and estimated. At the same time, organized a series of research and measurement comparison of tissue to extensively solicit views. After repeated study argues that gradually formed a separate two-child policy ideas and implementation programmes.
Central to this high priority. Central leading comrades heard a thematic report clearly indicates. This year's "two sessions" since in accordance with the requirements of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, I deepen relevant research, and to further seek the views of relevant departments and local. After repeated brewing, the CPC Central Committee launched a separate two-child policy decisions were taken.
Reporter: the individual two-child policy specifically suited to the crowd, could you briefly explain?
Wang Peian, Deputy Director: individual children are one-child policy applies to one or two couples. Generally speaking, only child refers to himself half the sons, half-brothers and half-sister of brothers and sisters.
Reporter: two-child policy launched separately?
Wang Peian, Deputy Director of population and family planning law of the 18th article States stabilizes the existing family planning policy, encouraging citizens to marry and, advocates a couple one-child; meet the conditions provided for by laws and regulations, second children upon request. Concrete measures by the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Standing Committee of the national people's Congress or its provisions. In accordance with this provision, on population and family planning regulations around the family planning policy has been specified. This launched a separate two-child policy, pursuant to the law on population and family planning, through the provincial people's Congress or its Standing Committee amend local regulations or provisions organizations according to law. I will do research work.
Reporter: launched a separate two-child policy, and whether there is a timetable for unification?
Wang Peian, Deputy Director: launched a separate two-child policy, the country does not set unification timetable, from various provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) according to the actual situation, and to establish concrete time. However, around the launch time appropriate interval is too long.
Reporter: if I separate two-child policy criteria are met and when to apply for maternity?
Wang Peian, Deputy Director of: when you couple's domicile was amended in the provinces where the population and family planning regulations or its Standing Committee made special provision, allowing individual couples can have two children, will be on the application before they reproduce. If both of your account is not in the same province (districts, cities), where his/her household as long as any party allow two individual couples to procreate children, where you can apply for a further growth.
Reporter: launched a separate two-child policy, will there be eligible couples lumpy growth, resulting in birth population growth in the short term?
Wang Peian Deputy Director: from national see, meet alone two kid again fertility conditions of couples total not too big, again plus alone two kid policy by the province (city, and district) according to local reality, determines specific of started time, due to around population development situation, and work based has must of difference, prepared situation the not same, around started implementation policy will has lag, so, short-term within does not appeared was born population sharply growth of problem.
However, in line with the two kids alone before they reproduce conditions large areas to avoid this problem. These areas can advocate for reasonable spacing, give priority to older couples before they reproduce individually, before they reproduce, approval, preventing the accumulation of birth. States, in accordance with the "Twelve-Five" population and development planning, in recent years, changes in birth, and a separate two-child policy to start implementation, preparation of annual population plan, strengthened guidance regulation to ensure birth control within reasonable limits in order to prevent large fluctuations.
Reporter: will launched a separate two-child policy on China's food safety, as well as health, education, employment and other basic public services under pressure?
Wang Peian, Deputy Director of planning of food security and basic public services, resource allocation, are 2020 population of 1.43 billion, around 2033 population peak about 1.5 billion as the base to develop. It is predicted that policy adjustments, born each year without a major increase in the population of the country, by 2020 the total population will be significantly lower than 1.43 billion, peak will also significantly lower than the total population of 1.5 billion. In addition, after the implementation of a separate two-child policy, an increase in births in recent years, but only about 2000 scale before and after birth. We can safely say, launched a separate two-child policy doesn't give food security as well as health, education, employment and other basic public services under greater pressure.
Reporter: why does this stage two children cannot adopt general policy?
Wang Peian, Deputy Director: I organized a lot of research argues that if at this stage, the implementation of universal two-child policy in the short term will cause large swings in the birth scene is more severe accumulation of birth, put great strain on essential public services. The long term will result in cyclical fluctuations in birth, continued population growth, population peak arrival delayed, affecting vision objectives of population development, adversely affect China's economic and social development. National Statistics Bureau, the Chinese Academy of social sciences, China Development Research Foundation, Renmin University of China School of social and population departments and research agencies, such as independent research undertaken is proof of that.
Reporter: adjusted for the perfect birth policies, family planning work there way of saying you want to relax, is that correct?
Wang Peian, Deputy Director: adjust sound family planning policy does not mean relaxing family planning work. At present, China's basic national conditions, many people have no fundamental change, population pressures on the economy, society, resources and the environment will persist, basic national policy of family planning should be stuck to family planning work must be lasting. Continue to insist on implementing the law on population and family planning, population and family planning regulations as well as relevant laws and regulations, and to consciously practice family planning, we will continue to reward helping; illegal reproduction, to be dealt with according to the law the Standing Committee.
(Original title: Health Planning Commission launched the "two kids alone" policy press (full text))
中新网11月16日电 国家卫生和计划生育委员会网站今天公布国家卫生计生委副主任王培安就坚持计划生育基本国策启动实施单独两孩政策答记者问，以下为答问全文：
记者：党的十八届三中全会《决定》提出，启动实施一方为独生子女的夫妇可生育两个孩子的政策(以下简称单独两孩政策)。这项政策受到社会广泛关注。为什么选择在现阶段启动实施？
王培安副主任：进入本世纪以来，我国人口形势发生了重大变化。人口众多仍然是我国的基本国情，同时人口结构性问题日益成为影响经济社会发展的重要因素。
一是低生育水平稳中趋降。上世纪90年代初，我国总和生育率降到更替水平以下，目前为1.5～1.6，达到发达国家的平均水平。人口总量虽然保持持续增长，但惯性趋弱。如果维持现行生育政策不变，总和生育率将继续下降，总人口在达到峰值后将快速减少，影响人口长期均衡发展以及中华民族的长远发展。
二是人口结构性问题日益突出。劳动年龄人口开始减少，2012年比上年减少345万人；2023年以后，年均将减少约800万人。人口老龄化速度加快，2013年60岁及以上老年人口将达到2亿，本世纪30年代中期将达到4亿，占总人口的比例将从目前的1/7提高到1/4。出生人口性别比长期偏高，近20年来一直在高位徘徊，2012年仍高达117.7。
三是家庭规模持续缩减。“六普”数据显示，全国户均3.1人，较“五普”减少0.34人，与上世纪80年代初户均4.43人比较，下降1.33人。独生子女家庭1.5亿多户，独居老人的比例提高，家庭的传统功能有所弱化。
四是城乡居民生育意愿发生了很大变化。随着经济社会的发展和群众生活水平的提高，少生优生、优育优教的生育观念正在形成。
1980年，中共中央《关于控制我国人口增长问题致全体共产党员共青团员的公开信》指出：“到30年以后，目前特别紧张的人口增长问题就可以缓和，也就可以采取不同的人口政策了”。当前，启动实施单独两孩政策条件成熟、时机有利。
记者：当前启动实施单独两孩政策有何意义？
王培安副主任：启动实施单独两孩政策，是计划生育政策的重大调整完善，是适应人口发展新形势、合乎民意的重大举措。其意义主要体现在三个“有利于”：
一是实施单独两孩政策，有利于保持合理的劳动力规模，延缓人口老龄化速度，促进经济持续健康发展，为实现中华民族伟大复兴的“中国梦”创造良好的人口环境；二是有利于逐步实现国家政策与群众意愿的统一，提升家庭抵御风险的能力，增强家庭养老照料功能，促进家庭幸福与社会和谐；三是有利于稳定适度低生育水平，促进人口长期均衡发展，促进人口与经济、社会、资源、环境的协调和可持续发展。
记者：您能介绍一下之前都做了哪些准备工作吗？
王培安副主任：按照中央领导同志的指示，自2008年以来，我委就启动调整完善生育政策的准备工作，组织开展了深入的调研论证。通过“十一五”人口发展规划终期评估、“千村生育率调查”、“150个县独生子女婚育状况调查”、在全国范围内开展了0～9岁低龄人口基础信息核查、利用教育、公安、统计等相关部门的数据开展比对和校验等，对我国人口总量和结构、生育现状及人口变动趋势有了比较客观、准确的判断和估计。同时，组织开展了一系列课题研究，组织多方案测算比较，广泛征求各方意见。经反复研究论证，逐步形成了实施单独两孩政策的思路和方案。
中央对此高度重视。中央领导同志多次听取专题汇报，作出明确指示。今年“两会”以来，按照党中央、国务院的要求，我委深化相关研究论证，并进一步征求各相关部门和各地的意见。经过反复酝酿，党中央作出了启动实施单独两孩政策的决定。
记者：单独两孩政策具体适合于哪些人群，能简单介绍一下吗？
王培安副主任：单独两孩政策适用于一方为独生子女的夫妇。一般地讲，独生子女是指本人没有同父同母、同父异母或同母异父的兄弟姐妹。
记者：单独两孩政策如何启动实施？
王培安副主任：《人口与计划生育法》第十八条规定：国家稳定现行生育政策，鼓励公民晚婚晚育，提倡一对夫妻生育一个子女；符合法律、法规规定条件的，可以要求安排生育第二个子女。具体办法由省、自治区、直辖市人民代表大会或者其常务委员会规定。按照这一规定，各地人口与计划生育条例对再生育政策作出了具体规定。这次启动实施单独两孩政策，由各地依据《人口与计划生育法》，通过省级人民代表大会或其常委会修订地方条例或作出规定，依法组织实施。我委将做好调研指导工作。
记者：各地启动实施单独两孩政策，是否有统一的时间表？
王培安副主任：启动实施单独两孩政策，全国不设统一的时间表，将由各省(区、市)根据实际情况，确定具体时间。但是，各地启动实施的时间不宜间隔得太长。
记者：如果我符合单独两孩政策的条件，什么时候能够申请再生育？
王培安副主任：当你们夫妇俩的户籍所在的省份修订了人口与计划生育条例或人大常委会作出了专门规定，允许单独夫妇可生育两个孩子，就可以按程序申请再生育了。如果你们俩的户口不在同一个省(区、市)，只要任何一方户口所在地允许单独夫妇生育两个孩子，你们就可在那里申请再生育。
记者：启动实施单独两孩政策，会不会出现符合条件的夫妇扎堆生育，导致短期内出生人口大幅增长？
王培安副主任：从全国来看，符合单独两孩再生育条件的夫妇总量不是太大，再加上单独两孩政策由各省(市、区)根据当地实际情况，确定具体的启动时间，由于各地人口发展形势、工作基础有一定的差别，准备情况各不相同，各地启动实施政策会有时间差，因此，短期内不会出现出生人口大幅增长的问题。
但是，符合单独两孩再生育条件人数较多的地区要注意防止这个问题。这些地区可以采取倡导合理生育间隔、优先安排年龄较大的单独夫妇再生育、做好再生育审批等，防止出生堆积。国家将根据“十二五”人口发展规划、近年出生人口变动情况以及单独两孩政策启动实施情况，编制年度人口计划，加强引导调控，确保出生人口控制在合理范围之内，防止发生大的波动。
记者：启动实施单独两孩政策会不会对我国粮食安全以及卫生、教育、就业等基本公共服务带来大的压力？
王培安副主任：我国粮食安全以及基本公共服务资源配置规划，均是以2020年总人口14.3亿人、2033年前后总人口峰值15亿左右作为基数制定的。据预测，政策调整后，全国每年出生人口不会有大的增加，到2020年总人口将明显低于14.3亿，峰值总人口也将大大低于15亿。另外，实施单独两孩政策后，近几年出生人口会有所增加，但仅相当于2000年前后的出生人口规模。我们可以有把握地说，启动实施单独两孩政策不会给粮食安全以及卫生、教育、就业等基本公共服务带来大的压力。
记者：为什么现阶段不能实施普遍可以生育两个孩子的政策？
王培安副主任：我委组织开展了大量的研究论证，如果现阶段就实施普遍两孩政策，短期内将引起出生人口大幅波动，出现较严重的出生堆积，给各项基本公共服务带来很大的压力。长期看，将形成周期性出生人口波动，总人口持续增长，人口峰值推迟到来，影响人口发展远景规划目标的实现，给我国经济社会发展带来不利影响。国家统计局、中国社科院、中国发展研究基金会、中国人民大学社会与人口学院等部门和研究机构独立开展的相关研究也证明了这一点。
记者：针对此次调整完善生育政策，社会上有一种说法是计划生育工作要放松了，请问是这样吗？
王培安副主任：调整完善生育政策不等于放松计划生育工作。当前，我国人口众多的基本国情没有根本改变，人口对经济、社会、资源、环境的压力将长期存在，计划生育基本国策必须长期坚持，计划生育工作必须常抓不懈。要继续坚持落实《人口与计划生育法》、地方人口与计划生育条例以及相关法律法规，对自觉实行计划生育的，要继续给予奖励扶助；对违法生育的，要依法依纪予以处理。
(原标题：卫计委就启动实施“单独两孩”政策答记者问(全文))
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