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The author:(作者)hpmailerpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/17 8:56:36 Health Planning Committee： had half brothers and sisters， is not only
Beijing News Central decides to start an inquiry "stand alone second child" responsive to the new deal, but the specific date for implementing the, and provinces (regions and cities) of the population and family planning regulations to make amendments.
National Planning Commission will do research guide
Yesterday, the State Health Commission "single second" authoritative interpretation of policy, said the new deal does not set unification timetable, the provinces are responsible for, according to the situation on the ground, according to organization, but around the implementation do not leave space for too long.
Existing section of the population and family planning law of the 18th: the country stabilizes the existing family planning policy, encouraging citizens to marry and, advocates a couple one-child; meet the conditions provided for by laws and regulations, second children upon request. Concrete measures by the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Standing Committee of the national people's Congress or its provisions. Thus, the provinces have introduced to the population and family planning regulations, depending on the situation on the ground, "two children" policy makes specific provisions.
State family planning Commission, said Wang Peian, Deputy Director of health, the start of "two kids alone" policy should be overseen by provincial people's Congress or its Standing Committee amend local regulations or provisions organizations according to law. National Commission for health research guide.
In other words, is the only child of a party, and only infertile couples with one child, to apply separate were born second child, until the couple accounts of any party in the province, take law into "separate reproductive second child" clause, it can contribute to the local population and family planning departments, applications before they reproduce.
Half-brother and half-sister sibling isn't the only child
Wang Peian introduction, individual children are one-child policy applies to one or two couples. Generally speaking, only child refers to himself half the sons, half-brothers and half-sister of brothers and sisters.
Wang Peian said the State will be based on the "Twelve-Five" population changes in birth planning, in recent years, and a separate two-child policy to start implementation, preparation of annual population plan, strengthened guidance regulation to ensure birth control within reasonable limits in order to prevent large fluctuations.
Construction
1 "alone" If lumpy second child?
Prioritize elderly "stand-alone" husband and wife before they reproduce
Wang Peian (national health family planning Commission Deputy Director): from national see, meet alone two kid again fertility conditions of couples total not too big, again plus alone two kid policy by the province (city, and district) according to local reality, determines specific of started time, due to around population development situation, and work based has must of difference, prepared situation the not same, around started implementation policy will has lag, so, short-term within does not appeared Renaissance population sharply growth of problem.
However, in line with the two kids alone before they reproduce conditions large areas, to guard against "lumpy growth".
These areas can advocate for reasonable spacing, give priority to older couples before they reproduce individually, before they reproduce, approval, preventing the accumulation of birth.
2 will cause the next generation school hard?
8 years later, China's population will not exceed 1.43 billion
Wang Peian: resource allocation planning of food security and basic public services in our country are by 2020 population of 1.43 billion, around 2033 population peak about 1.5 billion as the base to develop.
It is predicted that policy adjustments, born each year without a major increase in the population of the country, by 2020 the total population will be significantly lower than 1.43 billion, peak will also significantly lower than the total population of 1.5 billion. In addition, even with the "two kids alone" policy, an increase in births in recent years, but only about 2000 scale before and after birth.
Therefore, it can be said that launched a separate two-child policy doesn't give food security as well as health, education, employment and other basic public services under greater pressure.
Dialog
Adjustment policies ≠ relaxed family planning
"Second child alone" can delay the population "ageing"
Reporter: why did you choose at this stage, let go "single second"?
Wang Peian (Deputy Director of the State Health Commission): in 1980, the Communist Party of China on the control of population growth of an open letter to all the Communist League members said: "after 30 years, the special State of population growth would ease, it can take a variety of population policy."
The early 90, our total fertility rate drops below replacement level, which now stands at 1.5~1.6, reaching the average level of developed countries. Although population has continued to expand, but inertia weakening, triggering accelerated ageing, decrease in the working-age population, families continued scale, a series of social problems. If current fertility policy does not change, total fertility rates will continue to decline, the total population will rapidly declining after the peak, affecting long-term balanced population development and the long-term development of the Chinese nation.
In addition, with the economic and social development, birth preference of urban and rural residents have undergone tremendous changes. Fewer, the eugenic birth idea is forming.
Above, Central Government believes that the current, launched the "two kids alone" policy, timing favorable conditions.
Reporter: now let go "single second", what is it?
Wang Peian: first, implementation alone two kid policy, conducive to keep reasonable of labour scale, delaying population ageing speed; second, conducive to gradually achieved national policy and masses wishes of unified, upgrade family against risk of capacity, enhanced family endowment care features: three is conducive to stable moderate low fertility level, promotion population long-term balanced development, promotion population and economic, and social, and resources, and environment of coordination and sustainable development.
If generally second will cause population fluctuations
Reporter: why don't you just let go of the second child birth?
Wang Peian: national health family planning organizations have a great deal of research argues that if at this stage, the implementation of universal two-child policy in the short term will cause large swings in the birth scene is more severe accumulation of birth, basic public services are to a lot of pressure. The long term will result in cyclical fluctuations in birth population continues to grow, affecting vision objectives of population development, adversely affect China's economic and social development.
Reporter: the start of "second child alone" the new deal, does that mean that family planning work is loose?
Wang Peian: adjust sound family planning policy does not mean relaxing family planning work. At present, China's basic national conditions, many people have no fundamental change, population pressures on the economy, society, resources and the environment will persist, basic national policy of family planning to be stuck.
Secret
"Second child alone" policy announced five-year
As China's basic national policy of family planning, for 33 years. Therefore, make adjustments to the family planning policy, is not an easy task. This central decided to release "second child alone", in the aging under the background of increasingly difficult, take precautions to the decision, for at least 5 years. State family planning Commission, Wang Peian, Deputy Director of health recall, according to the central leadership's instruction, since 2008, originally launched by the national population and family planning Commission adjusted perfect preparation for fertility policy and organization to carry out an in-depth investigation and demonstration. Through "Eleven-Five" population development planning end period assessment, and "thousand village fertility investigation", and "150 a County only children marriage situation investigation", and in national range within carried out has 0-9 age low age population based information verification, and uses education, and police, and statistics, related sector of data carried out than on and calibration,, only on my population total and structure, and fertility status and the population changes trend has has comparison objective, and accurate of judgment and estimated.
At the same time, the national population and family planning Commission also cooperates with national statistical offices, organization of Chinese Academy of social sciences, China Development Research Foundation, social and demographic Research Institute of Renmin University institutions, carried out a series of research and measurement comparison of tissue to extensively solicit views. After repeated study argues that gradually formed a separate two-child policy ideas and implementation programmes.
Memories of experts who participated in the study, prior to this, on the level of China's current total fertility rate, have different estimates, some scholars believe, China's total fertility rate has been as low as $ 1.18, and, accordingly, called for full liberalization of a second child. But after multiple domestic and international research team measured than on analysis, final confirmation, our total fertility rate now stands at 1.5-1.6 per cent.
Since last year, the reproductive policy adjustment sound has written to national population development "Twelve-Five" plan, 18 reports of the party, and the newly formed national health family planning programme. Wang Peian introduction, Central leading comrades heard a special report made clear instructions on adjusting the perfect maternity policy. This year's "two sessions" since in accordance with the requirements of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, the National Health Commission to deepen research, and to further seek the views of relevant departments and local. After repeated brewing, the CPC Central Committee launched a separate two-child policy decisions were taken.
This version of interview statements/Beijing News reporter Wei Ming
(Original title: "second child alone" national do not set unification timetable)
新京报讯 中央决定启动“单独二胎”新政顺应民意，但具体何时落实，还要待各省(区、市)《人口与计划生育条例》做出修订。
国家卫计委将做好调研指导
昨日，国家卫生计生委就“单独二胎”政策做出权威解读，称新政不设统一时间表，由各省负责，根据当地实际情况，依法组织实施，但各地实施时间不宜间隔过久。
我国现行《人口与计划生育法》第十八条规定：国家稳定现行生育政策，鼓励公民晚婚晚育，提倡一对夫妻生育一个子女；符合法律、法规规定条件的，可以要求安排生育第二个子女。具体办法由省、自治区、直辖市人民代表大会或者其常务委员会规定。据此，各省都出台了《人口与计划生育条例》，视当地情况，对“二孩”政策作出具体规定。
国家卫生计生委副主任王培安说，此次启动“单独两孩”政策，应由各地通过省级人民代表大会或其常委会修订地方条例或作出规定，依法组织实施。国家卫生计生委将做好调研指导。
也就是说，一方是独生子女，且仅育有一个孩子的夫妇，要申请生育单独二胎，须待夫妻任何一方户口所在省份，修法纳入“单独生育二胎”的条款后，就可以向当地人口计生部门，申请再生育。
有同父异母或同母异父兄弟姐妹不算独生子女
王培安介绍，单独两孩政策适用于一方为独生子女的夫妇。一般地讲，独生子女是指本人没有同父同母、同父异母或同母异父的兄弟姐妹。
王培安称，国家将根据“十二五”人口发展规划、近年出生人口变动情况以及单独两孩政策启动实施情况，编制年度人口计划，加强引导调控，确保出生人口控制在合理范围之内，防止发生大的波动。
■ 释疑
1 “单独”会不会扎堆生二胎？
优先安排高龄“单独”夫妻再生育
王培安(国家卫生计生委副主任)：从全国来看，符合单独两孩再生育条件的夫妇总量不是太大，再加上单独两孩政策由各省(市、区)根据当地实际情况，确定具体的启动时间，由于各地人口发展形势、工作基础有一定的差别，准备情况各不相同，各地启动实施政策会有时间差，因此，短期内不会出现新生人口大幅增长的问题。
但是，符合单独两孩再生育条件人数较多的地区，要注意防止“扎堆生育”问题。
这些地区可以采取倡导合理生育间隔、优先安排年龄较大的单独夫妇再生育、做好再生育审批等，防止出生堆积。
2 会不会造成下一代上学难？
8年后中国人口不会超过14.3亿
王培安：我国粮食安全以及基本公共服务资源配置规划，均是以2020年总人口14.3亿人、2033年前后总人口峰值15亿左右作为基数制定的。
据预测，政策调整后，全国每年出生人口不会有大的增加，到2020年总人口将明显低于14.3亿，峰值总人口也将大大低于15亿。另外，即使实施“单独两孩”政策后，近几年出生人口会有所增加，但仅相当于2000年前后的出生人口规模。
因此，可以说，启动实施单独两孩政策不会给粮食安全以及卫生、教育、就业等基本公共服务带来大的压力。
■ 对话
调整政策≠放松计划生育
“单独二胎”可延缓人口“老龄化”
记者：为什么选择在现阶段放开“单独二胎”？
王培安(国家卫生计生委副主任)：1980年，中共中央《关于控制我国人口增长问题致全体共产党员共青团员的公开信》指出：“到30年以后，目前特别紧张的人口增长问题就可以缓和，也就可以采取不同的人口政策了”。
上世纪90年代初，我国总和生育率降到更替水平以下，目前为1.5～1.6，达到发达国家平均水平。人口总量虽仍持续增长，但惯性趋弱，由此引发老龄化加速，劳动年龄人口减少，家庭规模持续缩减等一系列社会问题。如果维持现行生育政策不变，总和生育率将继续下降，总人口在达到峰值后将快速减少，影响人口长期均衡发展以及中华民族长远发展。
此外，随着经济社会发展，城乡居民生育意愿发生了很大变化。少生、优生的生育观念正在形成。
综合上述情况，中央认为，当前，启动实施“单独两孩”政策条件成熟、时机有利。
记者：现在放开“单独二胎”有何作用？
王培安：首先，实施单独两孩政策，有利于保持合理的劳动力规模，延缓人口老龄化速度；第二，有利于逐步实现国家政策与群众意愿的统一，提升家庭抵御风险的能力，增强家庭养老照料功能：三是有利于稳定适度低生育水平，促进人口长期均衡发展，促进人口与经济、社会、资源、环境的协调和可持续发展。
若普遍二胎将引起人口波动
记者：为什么不直接放开二胎生育？
王培安：国家卫生计生委组织开展了大量的研究论证，如果现阶段就实施普遍两孩政策，短期内将引起出生人口大幅波动，出现较严重的出生堆积，给各项基本公共服务很大压力。长期看，将形成周期性出生人口波动，总人口持续增长，影响人口发展远景规划目标的实现，给我国经济社会发展带来不利影响。
记者：此次启动“单独二胎”新政，是否意味着计划生育工作松动？
王培安：调整完善生育政策不等于放松计划生育工作。当前，我国人口众多的基本国情没有根本改变，人口对经济、社会、资源、环境的压力将长期存在，计划生育基本国策须长期坚持。
■ 揭秘
“单独二胎”政策出炉历时五年
计划生育作为中国的基本国策，已经33年。因此，对计划生育政策做出调整，并非易事。此番中央决定放开“单独二胎”，在老龄化日趋严峻的大背景下，从绸缪到决策，用了至少5年。国家卫生计生委副主任王培安回忆，按照中央领导的指示，自2008年起，原国家人口计生委就启动了调整完善生育政策的准备工作，组织开展了深入的调研论证。通过“十一五”人口发展规划终期评估、“千村生育率调查”、“150个县独生子女婚育状况调查”、在全国范围内开展了0-9岁低龄人口基础信息核查、利用教育、公安、统计等相关部门的数据开展比对和校验等，才对我国人口总量和结构、生育现状及人口变动趋势有了比较客观、准确的判断和估计。
同时，原国家人口计生委还与国家统计局合作，组织中国社科院、中国发展研究基金会、中国人民大学社会与人口学院等研究机构，开展了一系列课题研究，组织多方案测算比较，广泛征求各方意见。经反复研究论证，逐步形成了实施单独两孩政策的思路和方案。
一位曾参与课题研究的专家回忆，此前，对中国目前的总和生育率水平，就曾有不同的测算，一些学者认为，我国的总和生育率已低至1.18，并据此呼吁完全放开二胎。但经过国内国际多个研究团队的测算比对分析，最终确认，我国的总和生育率目前为1.5-1.6左右。
去年以来，生育政策调整完善先后写入国家人口发展“十二五”规划、党的十八大报告，以及新组建的国家卫生计生委三定方案。王培安介绍，中央领导同志多次听取专题汇报，作出关于调整完善生育政策的明确指示。今年“两会”以来，按照党中央、国务院的要求，国家卫生计生委深化相关研究论证，并进一步征求各相关部门和各地的意见。经过反复酝酿，党中央作出了启动实施单独两孩政策的决定。
本版采写/新京报记者 魏铭言
(原标题：“单独二胎”全国不设统一时间表)
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