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The author:(作者)hpmailerpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/17 8:58:06 Mixed ownership： State-owned and collective “non-public“ cross shareholdings _ Sina news
Description
Adhere to the "two unwavering"
Plenary decision emphasizes must unwaveringly consolidate and develop the public ownership economy, adhere to the dominant position of public ownership, State-owned economy to play a leading role, and constantly enhance the State-owned economic vitality, power and influence.
Plenary decided made, perfect state assets management system, to tube capital mainly strengthened State assets regulatory, reform state capital authorized operating institutional; state capital investment operations to service Yu national strategy target, more into relationship national security, and national economy lifeline of important industry and key area, focus provides public service, and development important forward sexual strategic industry, and protection ecological environment, and support technology progress, and guarantees national security; classified go part State capital full social security fund , And increase the proportion of State-owned capital gains paid public finances, more used to safeguard and improve people's livelihood.
State-owned enterprises is to promote the modernization of the State and protect the common interests of the people. After years of reform, State-owned companies combined have a market economy as a whole. At the same time, State-owned enterprises have accumulated a number of issues, there are some drawbacks, needed to move forward with reform. Plenary decided made series has pointed of reform initiatives, including state capital increased on public enterprise of inputs; state capital continues to holdings operating of natural monopoly industry, introduced to enterprise separated, and political funding separated, and franchise, and Government regulatory for main content of reform, according to different industry features introduced network games separated, and release competitive business; sound coordination running, and effective checks and balances of company corporate governance structure; established career Manager system, better played entrepreneurs role; established long-term incentive constraint mechanism, Strengthening State-owned enterprise investment responsibility; exploration of promoting information disclosure of financial budgets and other major State-owned enterprises; employment of State-owned enterprises to reasonable increase in market share reasonably determined and strictly regulate the treatment of remuneration levels of the managers of State-owned enterprises, job, post consumer, business spending. These initiatives will contribute to improve the modern enterprise system in State-owned enterprises, enhance operation efficiency and reasonable take on social responsibilities, better functioning.
Adhering to and perfecting the basic economic system must adhere to the "two unwavering." Plenary decision from multiple dimensions to encourage, support and guide the non-public economic development, stimulate the reform initiatives of non-public ownership economic dynamism and creativity. In features positioning Shang, clear-public economic and non--public economic are is socialist market of important part, are is my economic social development of important based; in property protection Shang, clear made-public economic property not violations, non--public economic property also not violations; in policy treatment Shang, stressed insisted right equal, and opportunities equal, and rules equal, introduced unified of market access system; encourages non--public enterprise participation State enterprise reform, Encourages the development of non-public capital holding in mixed ownership enterprises, encourages private enterprises to establish modern enterprise system in a condition. It will promote the healthy development of non-public ownership economy.
--XI Jinping, with regard to the comprehensive description of the decision on deepening reform
Significance of comprehensive reform and philosophy
1
Is party in the new era of reform and opening under the condition of new great revolution led the people of all ethnic groups, is the most distinctive characteristics of contemporary China.
2
Full deepening reform, must banner China features Socialist great flag, to Marx Leninism, and Mao Ze-Dong's thought, and Deng Xiao-ping's theory, and "three a representative" important thought, and science development views for guide, firm confidence, condensed consensus, integrated plotting, collaborative advance, insisted socialist market reform direction, to promotion social fair justice, and promotion people well-being for starting point and ending, further liberation thought, and liberation and development social productivity, and liberation and enhanced social vitality, Malpractice resolutely break down all aspects of institutional mechanisms, the prospects for broader efforts to develop the Socialist cause with Chinese characteristics.
3
Deepen reform, it must be based on long-term in China is in the primary stage of socialism, the biggest practical development continues to be the key to solving all problems in China that major strategic judgment, taking economic construction as the Center, traction of economic system reform, promote relations commensurate with productivity, the superstructure and the economic base, promote sustainable and healthy development of economy and society.
4
Successful practice of reform and opening up provide important experience to deepen reform, should be stuck to.
2020 SOEs paid 30% dividend
Adhering to and perfecting the basic economic system
Public ownership playing a dominant role and diverse forms of ownership develop the basic economic system, are important pillars of the Socialist system with Chinese characteristics, but also Foundation of socialist market economic system. -State-owned economy and the non-State-owned economy is an important component of the Socialist market economy, an important foundation of China's economic and social development. Must unwaveringly consolidate and develop the public ownership economy, adhere to the dominant position of public ownership, State-owned economy to play a leading role, and constantly enhance the State-owned economic vitality, power and influence. Must be unwavering to encourage, support and guide the non-public ownership economy development, stimulation of non-public ownership economic vitality and creativity.
5
Perfecting the property right protection system. Property rights are the core of ownership. Attribution of sound clarity, clearly, strict protection and smooth transfer of the modern property right system. Inviolability of ownership economic property, inviolability of the non-public ownership economic property of the same.
Protecting the property rights of all sectors of the economy and the legitimate interests of the State to ensure that all sectors of the economy equal use of production factors in accordance with law, openness, fairness, justice, equal legal protection in the market competition, according to monitoring all sectors of the economy.
6
Actively developing mixed ownership economy. State-owned, collective, non-public capital, such as cross shareholding, merging of mixed ownership, is the major form of realization of basic economic system, benefit of amplification, preserve and increase the value of State-owned capital, improve competitiveness and facilitate complementarity, mutual promotion and common development of various forms of ownership capital. Allowing more State-owned economic and other sectors of the economy developed into a mixed-ownership economy. Allow non-State capital investment projects of State-owned capital shares. Allow mixed ownership economy Enterprise employee stock ownership, capital owners and workers formed the community of interests.
Perfecting management system of State-owned assets, based on capital to strengthen State-owned assets supervision, reform of State-owned capital management authorized institutions, the formation of a number of State-owned capital operation companies, support conditional on restructuring of State-owned enterprises into State-owned investment company. State-owned capital operation serve national strategic goals, more on national security, the lifeline of the national economy's important industries and key fields, focusing on the provision of public services, the development of an important forward-looking strategic industry, protection of the ecological environment, support of scientific and technological progress, the protection of national security.
Transferred to the part-State-owned capital to enrich social security fund. Perfecting the system of State-owned capital operation budget, increase the proportion of State-owned capital gains paid public finance 2020 referred to 30%, more used to safeguard and improve people's livelihood.
7
Promotion improve the modern enterprise system in State-owned enterprises. State-owned enterprises belong to the whole people, is to promote the modernization of the State, safeguard common interests of the people of an important force. State-owned enterprises, in General, have been combined with market economy, marketization and internationalization must be adapted to the new situation, to regulating business decision-making, asset value, engage in fair competition, improve efficiency, enhance vitality, focusing on social responsibility of enterprises, to further deepen the reform of State-owned enterprises.
Precisely defining the different function of State-owned enterprises. State-owned capital increased investment in welfare enterprises, make a greater contribution in the provision of public services. Continued holding of State-owned capital management of natural monopoly industries, based on separation of separate funding, franchising, government supervision as the main content of the reform, according to industry implementation of transport separately, let go of competitive business, promote market-oriented allocation of public resources. To further break administrative monopoly in all its forms.
Sound coordination operation, effective corporate governance structure of checks and balances. Establishment of professional manager system, better play an entrepreneurial role. Deepening enterprise managers promoted or demoted, staff can be hired, revenue increased reduction of institutional reform. Establish a long-term incentive and restraint mechanisms, strengthening the State-owned enterprise investment responsibility. Exploration of promoting information disclosure of financial budgets and other major State-owned enterprises.
Employment of State-owned enterprises to reasonable increase in market share reasonably determined and strictly regulate the treatment of remuneration levels of the managers of State-owned enterprises, job, post consumer, business spending.
8
Support the healthy development of non-public ownership economy. Non-public ownership economy in supporting growth, promotion of innovation, expansion of employment, has an important role, including tax increases. Adhere to the rules of equality, equality of opportunity, equality of rights, abolished all forms of unreasonable provisions on the non-State-owned economy, elimination of all kinds of invisible barriers, specific measures for the development of non-public enterprises to enter the field of franchising.
Encourage the non-State-owned enterprises to participate in the reform of State-owned enterprises, encouraging the development of non-public capital holding mixed-ownership enterprises, encourage private enterprises to establish modern enterprise system in a condition.
Read
State income
Feng Fei, Minister of economy, development research center of the State Council:
Further stressed the universal nature of all of State capital, the broad masses of more State-owned capital gains.
Public private
Deputy Yang Weimin, Director of the central financial and economic leading Group Office:
Now some of the obstacles in the development of the private economy, "glass doors", the root is ideologically we did not put the non-public ownership economy in equal status with the public-owned economy. Plenary session in a major breakthrough and innovation to improve the basic economic system, that is more equitable treatment and awareness of all sectors of the economy.
Plenary-State-owned economy and the non-State-owned economy is an important component of the Socialist market economy, an important foundation of China's economic development. We will be complemented by individual economy and private economy in the past, later admitted was an important part of the Socialist market economy, but added the "prescribed by law" within the premise of. Plan plenty of non-public ownership economy as an important component of the Socialist market economy, but not with the public-owned economy put together about it. Put together about this time is an important part of very clear, indicating that either there is no boss, Dick.
Monopoly industries
Decisions on the reform of monopoly industries is very clear, explicitly to natural monopoly elements and a separate aspect of introducing competition, with emphasis on the aspect of natural monopoly depends on effective government supervision to overcome monopoly abuses. Like network, railway network, with natural monopoly characteristics of oil-gas transportation pipeline network, but power generation and sale of electricity links, upstream oil and gas production and downstream refining and chemical sales customers and railway transportation and other links can be open to competition.
Mixed ownership
Actively developing mixed ownership economy. This is not a new concept, but with new meaning and orientation. Future development of State-owned capital controlled mixed-ownership economy, but also encourages the development of non-State-owned capital controlled mixed-ownership economy.
China (Hainan) reform and Development Research Institute Mr. Chi Fulin, President:
Encourages the development of mixed-ownership enterprises of non-public capital holding, allowing mixed ownership economy to employee stock ownership means that significant changes in the structure of State-owned economy, State-owned enterprise reform, promoting the deepening of economic restructuring.
State regulation
State-owned capital-supervision of enterprises from tube to tube capital changes conducive to the overall national capital played an important strategic role.
This interpretation/Xinhua
(Original title: mixed ownership: State-owned and collective "non-public" cross-holding)
■ 说明
坚持“两个毫不动摇”
全会决定强调必须毫不动摇巩固和发展公有制经济，坚持公有制主体地位，发挥国有经济主导作用，不断增强国有经济活力、控制力、影响力。
全会决定提出，完善国有资产管理体制，以管资本为主加强国有资产监管，改革国有资本授权经营体制；国有资本投资运营要服务于国家战略目标，更多投向关系国家安全、国民经济命脉的重要行业和关键领域，重点提供公共服务、发展重要前瞻性战略性产业、保护生态环境、支持科技进步、保障国家安全；划转部分国有资本充实社会保障基金；提高国有资本收益上缴公共财政比例，更多用于保障和改善民生。
国有企业是推进国家现代化、保障人民共同利益的重要力量。经过多年改革，国有企业总体上已经同市场经济相融合。同时，国有企业也积累了一些问题、存在一些弊端，需要进一步推进改革。全会决定提出一系列有针对性的改革举措，包括国有资本加大对公益性企业的投入；国有资本继续控股经营的自然垄断行业，实行以政企分开、政资分开、特许经营、政府监管为主要内容的改革，根据不同行业特点实行网运分开、放开竞争性业务；健全协调运转、有效制衡的公司法人治理结构；建立职业经理人制度，更好发挥企业家作用；建立长效激励约束机制，强化国有企业经营投资责任追究；探索推进国有企业财务预算等重大信息公开；国有企业要合理增加市场化选聘比例，合理确定并严格规范国有企业管理人员薪酬水平、职务待遇、职务消费、业务消费。这些举措将推动国有企业完善现代企业制度、提高经营效率、合理承担社会责任、更好发挥作用。
坚持和完善基本经济制度必须坚持“两个毫不动摇”。全会决定从多个层面提出鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展，激发非公有制经济活力和创造力的改革举措。在功能定位上，明确公有制经济和非公有制经济都是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分，都是我国经济社会发展的重要基础；在产权保护上，明确提出公有制经济财产权不可侵犯，非公有制经济财产权同样不可侵犯；在政策待遇上，强调坚持权利平等、机会平等、规则平等，实行统一的市场准入制度；鼓励非公有制企业参与国有企业改革，鼓励发展非公有资本控股的混合所有制企业，鼓励有条件的私营企业建立现代企业制度。这将推动非公有制经济健康发展。
——习近平关于《全面深化改革决定》的说明
全面深化改革的重大意义和指导思想
改革开放是党在新的时代条件下带领全国各族人民进行的新的伟大革命，是当代中国最鲜明的特色。
全面深化改革，必须高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导，坚定信心，凝聚共识，统筹谋划，协同推进，坚持社会主义市场经济改革方向，以促进社会公平正义、增进人民福祉为出发点和落脚点，进一步解放思想、解放和发展社会生产力、解放和增强社会活力，坚决破除各方面体制机制弊端，努力开拓中国特色社会主义事业更加广阔的前景。
全面深化改革，必须立足于我国长期处于社会主义初级阶段这个最大实际，坚持发展仍是解决我国所有问题的关键这个重大战略判断，以经济建设为中心，发挥经济体制改革牵引作用，推动生产关系同生产力、上层建筑同经济基础相适应，推动经济社会持续健康发展。
改革开放的成功实践为全面深化改革提供了重要经验，必须长期坚持。
2020年国企上缴30%红利
坚持和完善基本经济制度
公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度，是中国特色社会主义制度的重要支柱，也是社会主义市场经济体制的根基。公有制经济和非公有制经济都是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分，都是我国经济社会发展的重要基础。必须毫不动摇巩固和发展公有制经济，坚持公有制主体地位，发挥国有经济主导作用，不断增强国有经济活力、控制力、影响力。必须毫不动摇鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展，激发非公有制经济活力和创造力。
完善产权保护制度。产权是所有制的核心。健全归属清晰、权责明确、保护严格、流转顺畅的现代产权制度。公有制经济财产权不可侵犯，非公有制经济财产权同样不可侵犯。
国家保护各种所有制经济产权和合法利益，保证各种所有制经济依法平等使用生产要素、公开公平公正参与市场竞争、同等受到法律保护，依法监管各种所有制经济。
积极发展混合所有制经济。国有资本、集体资本、非公有资本等交叉持股、相互融合的混合所有制经济，是基本经济制度的重要实现形式，有利于国有资本放大功能、保值增值、提高竞争力，有利于各种所有制资本取长补短、相互促进、共同发展。允许更多国有经济和其他所有制经济发展成为混合所有制经济。国有资本投资项目允许非国有资本参股。允许混合所有制经济实行企业员工持股，形成资本所有者和劳动者利益共同体。
完善国有资产管理体制，以管资本为主加强国有资产监管，改革国有资本授权经营体制，组建若干国有资本运营公司，支持有条件的国有企业改组为国有资本投资公司。国有资本投资运营要服务于国家战略目标，更多投向关系国家安全、国民经济命脉的重要行业和关键领域，重点提供公共服务、发展重要前瞻性战略性产业、保护生态环境、支持科技进步、保障国家安全。
划转部分国有资本充实社会保障基金。完善国有资本经营预算制度，提高国有资本收益上缴公共财政比例，二零二零年提到百分之三十，更多用于保障和改善民生。
推动国有企业完善现代企业制度。国有企业属于全民所有，是推进国家现代化、保障人民共同利益的重要力量。国有企业总体上已经同市场经济相融合，必须适应市场化、国际化新形势，以规范经营决策、资产保值增值、公平参与竞争、提高企业效率、增强企业活力、承担社会责任为重点，进一步深化国有企业改革。
准确界定不同国有企业功能。国有资本加大对公益性企业的投入，在提供公共服务方面作出更大贡献。国有资本继续控股经营的自然垄断行业，实行以政企分开、政资分开、特许经营、政府监管为主要内容的改革，根据不同行业特点实行网运分开、放开竞争性业务，推进公共资源配置市场化。进一步破除各种形式的行政垄断。
健全协调运转、有效制衡的公司法人治理结构。建立职业经理人制度，更好发挥企业家作用。深化企业内部管理人员能上能下、员工能进能出、收入能增能减的制度改革。建立长效激励约束机制，强化国有企业经营投资责任追究。探索推进国有企业财务预算等重大信息公开。
国有企业要合理增加市场化选聘比例，合理确定并严格规范国有企业管理人员薪酬水平、职务待遇、职务消费、业务消费。
支持非公有制经济健康发展。非公有制经济在支撑增长、促进创新、扩大就业、增加税收等方面具有重要作用。坚持权利平等、机会平等、规则平等，废除对非公有制经济各种形式的不合理规定，消除各种隐性壁垒，制定非公有制企业进入特许经营领域具体办法。
鼓励非公有制企业参与国有企业改革，鼓励发展非公有资本控股的混合所有制企业，鼓励有条件的私营企业建立现代企业制度。
■ 解读
国资收益
国务院发展研究中心产业经济部部长冯飞：
进一步强调了国有资本的全民所有性质，广大人民群众将更多享有国有资本收益。
公有非公
中央财经领导小组办公室副主任杨伟民：
目前民营经济发展中的一些障碍、“玻璃门”，根子在于我们从思想上没有把非公有制经济放在与公有制经济同等的地位。全会在完善基本经济制度方面的一大突破和创新，就是更加公平地对待和认识各种所有制经济。
全会提出公有制经济和非公有制经济都是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分，都是我国经济发展的重要基础。过去我们将个体经济、私营经济作为补充，后来承认是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分，但加了“在法律规定范围内”的前提。十五大把非公有制经济作为社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分，但没有与公有制经济放在一起讲。这次放在一起讲都是重要组成部分，十分鲜明，表明二者没有老大、老二之分。
垄断行业
决定关于垄断行业改革的思路非常清晰，明确要将自然垄断性环节和可引入竞争的环节分开，同时强调自然垄断环节要靠有效政府监管克服垄断弊端。比如电网、铁路路网、油气运输管网具有自然垄断特性，但发电和售电环节、油气上游开采和下游炼化销售以及铁路客户运输等环节都可以引入竞争。
混合所有制
积极发展混合所有制经济。这不是新概念，但有新的内涵和定位。今后既要发展国有资本控股的混合所有制经济，也要鼓励发展非公有制资本控股的混合所有制经济。
中国(海南)改革发展研究院院长迟福林：
鼓励发展非公有资本控股的混合所有制企业，允许混合所有制经济实行企业员工持股，意味着国有经济结构将发生重大变化，将以国企改革推动经济体制改革的深入。
国资监管
国有资本监管从管企业为主向管资本为主转变，有利于从整体上发挥国有资本的重要战略性作用。
本版解读/据新华社
(原标题：混合所有制：国有集体“非公”交叉持股)
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