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The author:(作者)hpmailerpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/17 8:58:53 Professor：Cancel the academician system did not hit a fundamental, should be to benefit
Academician Jianping Xie advised not to draw back from tobacco, former railway Ministry Zhang shuguang, the Secretary for transport, "spent 23 million evaluation of academicians", often have disclosed bad news about a fellow, always accompanied by calls for reforming the Academician system, but there is little official reaction. Determines the content of the central arid deepening the reform comprehensively, Central was first proposed "reform of academician selection and management system" "academician imposed retirement and exit the system."
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Fellow of the current selection on the issue of the two "plague", starting with PR, followed by complaints.
Academician from exiting the system strengthened to misbehavior, this is positive.
If the fellow is an academic title and honor, not with the benefits, without academic privileges, then age and tenure are not a problem.
Fellow retirement and exit
Reform elements
Strengthening the use and protection of intellectual property rights, improve the incentive mechanism of technological innovation, exploring the establishment of an intellectual property Court. Break the executive-led Government and sector segmentation, the establishment of technical innovation projects and determined largely by market mechanism for allocation of funds, the evaluation results.
Integration technology of planning and resource management, improving the Government for basic, strategic, cutting-edge scientific research and generic technology research support mechanisms. Major research infrastructure in accordance with the provisions of the State opening should be open to the public. Building innovation system and innovation reporting system, build an open and transparent system of national scientific resource management and project evaluation.
Reform member of selection and management system, course layout optimization, increase the proportion of young talent, introduced fellow retirement and exit system.
Interpretation
Fellow of the election process there are two plague
Former President of the Military Academy of medical sciences, academician of the Chinese Academy of engineering said Qin Boyi, academician system has accumulated a lot of questions, at this point, the plenary decided to clearly pointed out the direction of change, to further improve the quality of fellow team, improve discipline, personnel structure, and the layout, which have a significant role in promoting.
For academician selection and exit this "a into a out" two big problem, Qin Boyi pointed out that, current in academician selection problem Shang has two a "plague", first is PR, "now almost no people not PR, some academician candidates didn't want to PR of, also was kidnapping PR, because not PR on suffer"; second is complaints, "now into very embarrassing of situation, not complaints applicants on themselves boasted, a complaints on various malicious complaints".
Life-long tenure none may retire
Fellow retirement and exit system, Qin Boyi also appears to be the point. Qin Boyi pointed out that fellow is a lifelong honor, but that doesn't mean its units permanently retired, but the current situation is to honor life, job for life.
Qin Boyi, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Academy of engineering two centres first offered to retired people, nearly 10 years after he retired, almost no one has offered to retire, even old toast, retains positions.
On the withdrawal issue, Qin Boyi mentions that while academicians have been delisted, but mainly due to political issues, rarely penalized by academic problems, only a few internal communication.
Do not address fundamental interests
Xiong bingqi, Professor of Shanghai Jiao Tong University said yesterday, fellow, relative to the previous exit mechanism is not implemented "life tenure", this reform will let elected academician of "elimination" of pressure, preventing the academicians always have the highest academic authority, there are progressive.
But Xiong bingqi believes that the management system reform of academician does not touch at all, because of China's Academia Sinica academician interests lies at the heart of the system, reform is the key to cancel the economic and academic treatment of fellow, fellow of the regression of an academic title and academic honors.
Xiong bingqi pointed out that if fellow of academic titles and honors, not linked to the interests, without academic privileges, then age and tenure are not a problem, because after being elected fellows and other scholars to compete on an equal footing, to carry out academic research.
Punishing academic misconduct is positive
Deputy Director of Institute of history of natural science, CAs Yangzong WANG pointed out that current fellow of implicit rights, scientific and structural imbalances of rights is the question of the urgent need to reform. Analysis of Yangzong WANG, which is intended to treat from the retirement system, academician does not give special rights, academician from exiting the system strengthened to misbehavior, this is positive.
Gu Haibing, a professor at Renmin University said that China became fellow of the Academia "knighted" real change should make academic scholarship, in accordance with international practice, into non-government agency, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of engineering, fellow of the "association with writers".
-Other changes
Reform of the defence and armed forces
Optimizing army structure and adjustments to improve the services and arms, officers, military units and bodies, reducing non-combat units and personnel.
Promoting the reform of military policy regime. To establish the system of officers ' professionalism for traction, and gradually form a scientific and standardized system of military cadres. Improve the civilian personnel system. Perfecting the system of military service, Sergeant, veteran placement system reform of the system supporting policies.
Improve the system of military administration. Material management standards for sound financial systems. Deepening budget management, central collection and payment, material procurement and military health care, insurance and housing security system reform.
Improve the system of military rules and regulations, to explore ways and means to improve the scientific management of the force.
Letters and visits and national
Improving social governance. Adhere to the rule of law, strengthening the rule of law guarantees use thought of rule of law and the rule of law to resolve social conflicts.
Reform of the system of letters and calls, online processing system, improve the mechanisms address the legitimate aspirations of the masses in a timely manner. Involved in a lawsuit petitioning into the orbit of rule of law relating to legal settlement, establishment of law-related law petition involved in a lawsuit to end systems.
Step up efforts to manage networks according to the law, speeding up perfecting the leading system of Internet governance, ensuring that national network and information security.
Establishment of the National Security Council, national security systems and national security strategy, and ensuring national security.
Jinghua times, Shangxi
(Original title: Academician selection reform push retirement exit)
烟草院士谢剑平劝而不退，原铁道部运输局局长张曙光“花2300万评院士”，每每有关于院士的负面消息披露，总伴随改革院士制度的呼声，但鲜有官方回应。中央全面深化改革的决定内容中，中央首次提出“改革院士遴选和管理体制”“实行院士退休和退出制度”。
观点
当前在院士遴选问题上有两个“瘟疫”，首先是公关，其次是投诉。
从退出制度方面加强对院士学术不端行为的处理，这是有积极意义的。
如果院士只是学术头衔和荣誉，不与利益挂钩，没有学术特权，那么年龄和终身制都不是问题。
院士退休和退出制
改革内容
◎加强知识产权运用和保护，健全技术创新激励机制，探索建立知识产权法院。打破行政主导和部门分割，建立主要由市场决定技术创新项目和经费分配、评价成果的机制。
◎整合科技规划和资源，完善政府对基础性、战略性、前沿性科学研究和共性技术研究的支持机制。国家重大科研基础设施依照规定应该开放的一律对社会开放。建立创新调查制度和创新报告制度，构建公开透明的国家科研资源管理和项目评价机制。
◎改革院士遴选和管理体制，优化学科布局，提高中青年人才比例，实行院士退休和退出制度。
解读
选院士过程有两个瘟疫
原军事医学科学院院长、中国工程院院士秦伯益表示，院士制度已积攒很多问题，到了该解决的时候，此次三中全会决定明确提出改革的方向，对进一步提高院士队伍的素质，完善学科布局、人员结构等，都有重大的促进作用。
针对院士遴选和退出这“一进一出”两大问题，秦伯益指出，当前在院士遴选问题上有两个“瘟疫”，首先是公关，“现在几乎没有人不公关，有些院士候选人不想公关的，也被绑架公关，因为不公关就吃亏”；其次是投诉，“现在陷入非常尴尬的情况，不投诉申请人就自己吹嘘，一投诉就种种恶意投诉”。
职务终身制无人愿退休
院士退休和退出制度，在秦伯益看来也切中要害。秦伯益指出，院士是终身荣誉，但并不意味着其在本单位的工作终身不退休，但目前的情况却是荣誉终身、职务也终身。
秦伯益是中国科学院、工程院两院第一个主动提出退休的人，在他退休后的近10年间，几乎无人再主动提出退休，即使老了干不了了，也依然保留职务。
在退出问题上，秦伯益提到，尽管院士有过被除名，但主要是出于政治问题，鲜有因学术问题被处分的，仅有的几例也是内部通报。
未触及根本应去利益化
上海交通大学教授熊丙奇昨天撰文指出，相对于此前院士没有退出机制实行“终身制”来说，这一改革会让当选院士感受“淘汰”的压力，防止院士一直掌握最高学术权力，有进步意义。
但熊丙奇认为，这并未触及院士管理体制改革根本，因为中国院士制度的核心问题是院士利益化，因此改革的关键是取消院士的经济待遇和学术待遇，让院士回归学术头衔和学术荣誉。
熊丙奇指出，如果院士只是学术头衔和荣誉，不与利益挂钩，没有学术特权，那么年龄和终身制都不是问题，因为当选后院士仍和其他学者一样平等竞争，进行学术研究。
惩学术不端有积极意义
中国科学院自然科学史研究所副所长王扬宗指出，当前院士有各种隐性的权利，科技界的权利结构失衡才是迫切需要改革的问题。王扬宗分析，此次意在从退休制度方面一视同仁，不给院士特殊权利，从退出制度方面加强对院士学术不端行为的处理，这是有积极意义的。
中国人民大学教授顾海兵指出，现今中国把院士变成了学术界的“爵位”，真正变革应该让学术的归学术，按照国际惯例，让中国科学院和中国工程院变成非政府机构，让院士“跟作家协会会员一样”。
□其他改革
国防和军队改革
◎优化军队规模结构，调整改善军兵种比例、官兵比例、部队与机关比例，减少非战斗机构和人员。
◎推进军队政策制度调整改革。以建立军官职业化制度为牵引，逐步形成科学规范的军队干部制度体系。健全完善文职人员制度。完善兵役制度、士官制度、退役军人安置制度改革配套政策。
◎健全军费管理制度。健全完善经费物资管理标准制度体系。深化预算管理、集中收付、物资采购和军人医疗、保险、住房保障等制度改革。
◎健全军事法规制度体系，探索改进部队科学管理的方式方法。
信访和国安
◎改进社会治理方式。坚持依法治理，加强法治保障，运用法治思维和法治方式化解社会矛盾。
◎改革信访工作制度，实行网上受理信访制度，健全及时就地解决群众合理诉求机制。把涉法涉诉信访纳入法治轨道解决，建立涉法涉诉信访依法终结制度。
◎加大依法管理网络力度，加快完善互联网管理领导体制，确保国家网络和信息安全。
◎设立国家安全委员会，完善国家安全体制和国家安全战略，确保国家安全。
京华时报记者商西
(原标题：院士遴选改革 推退休退出制)
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