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The author:(作者)hpmailerpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/17 8:59:11 Reform goal of law-related petition involved in a lawsuit： end judicial
"Aspect"
The decision raised: reform of the system of letters and calls, online processing system, improve the mechanisms address the legitimate aspirations of the masses in a timely manner. Involved in a lawsuit petitioning into the orbit of rule of law relating to legal settlement, establishment of law-related law petition involved in a lawsuit to end systems.
Key words: State law involved in a lawsuit petition
"The State law involved in a lawsuit petition directly to the appeals process"
"The comprehensive decision on deepening reform, a number of important issues of involving in work of letters and calls, involved in a lawsuit petitioning into the orbit of rule of law relating to legal settlement is the King of content. "Rural Yu Jianrong, Director of the Centre for social studies in Chinese Academy of social sciences said the petition categories, in addition to the normal administrative letters and visits, such as land acquisition, demolition, labour disputes, a court yet referee, police forced confessions leading to wronged and misjudged cases relating to legal letters there are also involved in a lawsuit class.
For example, for a State court petition, and departmental materials transfer Office to petition the Court for letters and calls, after review by the Court decided whether a case. In judicial proceedings in such cases apart from the channels of complaint letters and visits, and can also be incorporated directly into a complaint procedure. Therefore, for law-related petition involved in a lawsuit, procedurally more time-consuming than in the appeals process.
Mr Yu believes that this plenary session was first introduced involved in a lawsuit petitioning into the orbit of rule of law relating to legal settlement, establishment of law-related law petition involved in a lawsuit to end systems, the specific mode of operation is the State law involved in a lawsuit petition no longer through the channels of complaint letters and visits, but direct access to complaint procedures so that you can quickly solve reasonable demands for petitioners.
"This is just a beginning. "Mr Yu believes that the law involved in a lawsuit the petition in question the rule of law, is also gradually was replaced by justice a petition started. He said that any State the core of the rule of law, and ultimately do not need letters of such remedy, is being established by the rule of law as the core of the social system in China. Is expected in the near future, when our legal system gradually when the sound and concept deeply rooted, Justice will replace the letters and calls.
Keywords: online petition
Online letters "facilitate tracking and interaction"
Vice Chancellor of the University of politics and law Ma Huaide, China believes that plenary referred to in the petition online to receive the petition system, Central, the national petition online petition have been incorporated into focus.
At present, China's complaint letters and visits mainly dominated by letters, petition Beijing, Beijing petitioning for the petitioners, the cost is high, letters are also more traditional ways of complaint letters and visits, not convenient for petitioners on a complaint tracking and interaction. Online petition is an effective way to address these issues. Ma Huaide said in the Internet era, on-line petition has the advantage of fast, low-cost and can be tracked.
It is understood that starting from July 1 this year, the State Bureau for letters and calls portals open to receive the petition. State Council Deputy Secretary General and Director of the State Bureau for letters and calls Shu Xiaoqin said that should guide more through networking platform reflected the aspirations of the masses, accessible homes to view the handling processes and results, lower costs for letters and calls.
For online petition process to monitor and expose, Shu Xiaoqin said that we should establish and improve complaint handling mechanism and online visit online, on-line supervision system, and effectively improve complaint handling efficiency, and constantly reduce administrative costs. Meanwhile, Sunshine petition petition departments to rely on a Web platform to build and gradually solve the petition process and results can be queried online, tracking, supervising, evaluating, among other issues.
Ma Huaide is expected due to the current visit of democracy dominated by Beijing visit, letters, visits, and both types of letters and visits will be for some time to come the main petition online petition will serve as a complement. After a period of time, after a national online petition effort is relatively mature, there will be more people who use the Internet visit petition.
Keywords: Strip
Demands in here resolving conflicts to the front
According to Mr Yu, currently, many petitioners in the petition because the petition has no effect on the ground, then leapfrog appeal, even in Beijing petitioning. Since 2005, the sharp increase in the number of petitioners petition directly to Beijing.
In this context, due to various provinces and cities in China, the various provinces and cities for each city, the city imposed on individual counties are "ranking of letters and calls," "accountability" system, resulting in around the interceptors sent to Beijing to stop visits are common.
"In fact, this result is the root cause of visit to the reasonable demands of the people in the region are not well resolved, and gradually decline in petitioners led to place trust in, and lots of visiting democratic progressive visit. "Mr Yu believes that under the current system, even Beijing petitioners, the State Bureau for letters and calls received petition letters, and most layer forwards, forwards to the city from the provincial level, by forwards to the County, district or Pocket full circle, is finally back in the County to solve the problem.
"So, to solve this problem is to solve the issue of complaint letters and visits. "Yu Jianrong said third plenum put forward sound mechanisms for timely address the legitimate aspirations of the masses, is actually a boot monitor local petition departments to more effectively solve local petition problems.
Mr Yu said the third plenary session of referring to the "legitimate aspirations", does not mention "handling problems", indicating the Central for handling issues more in-depth, timely resolution of mass appeal, the former home of resolving conflicts is the core and key.
It is understood that this October 11, Central politics and Law Committee, the Central comprehensive Administration Commission jointly held a conference commemorating Mao Zedong's instructions "fengqiao experience" 50 years ago. "Fengqiao experience" core is to rely on and mobilize the masses and dilemma is not present, there is a contradiction with locally. New ideas have been in the middle of Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other provinces and cities to pilot, how to resolve conflicts of local front are important elements of the pilot.
Mr Yu said petition issues addressed, predecessor of resolving contradictions will become the future trend to resolve social conflicts, dealing with complaint letters and visits in China.
Background
Nationwide petition no longer ranking
In January 2005, the completed petition Ordinance be amended, enter into force in May of that year. Under this regulation, Governments at all levels should establish and improve the system of responsibility for work of letters and calls, the work of letters and calls of misfeasance, malfeasance, and hold the persons who are responsible accountable, and to be informed within a certain range.
Since then, the State Department for letters and calls per month to the provinces (cities, districts), "abnormal petitioning" the man ranks number, letters and calls departments in other provinces will be to place around the city until the city and County and township Governments. Because of petition case happens in the grass-roots level, County and township government work of letters and calls, immediately became one of the local leaders ' performance evaluation indicators.
This target has evolved as follows: party and Government leaders at all levels to be responsible for letters and calls, and petitioners to Beijing in areas under its jurisdiction and appealing number directly linked to the future of party and Government leaders. Also unveiled details about the rating system.
Rural CASS by Yu Jianrong, Director of the Centre for social studies, "said petition ranking" system is designed to alert system through rankings and better solve the problems affecting the livelihood of local governments. But in recent years, China's social transition, which highlights social contradictions, rise in the number of cases was an objective reality of letters and calls. "Systems design does not take into account the local government at the beginning of may during the transition period the pressure is too much of a problem. "Mr Yu said.
After 18, cancel the ranking pilots already started in some provinces and cities. Starting from March this year, these provinces have not received the State Bureau for letters and calls on the province "abnormal petitioning" League tables of the number of people. Central politics and Law Committee recently published figures showed that from January to August this year, the national petition over the same period last year, the total fell by 2.5%, total has declined.
Events of the petition
In August 1979,
Central leading group dealing with petitions established.
August 1980
The State Council promulgated several regulations on the maintenance of order in the work of letters and calls.
In December 1986,
General Office of the CPC Central Committee letters and calls Bureau, General Office of letters and visits Bureau, established for the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and State Council Bureau for letters and calls.
In October 1995,
Chinese Premier Li Peng signed a decree 185th, published regulations of the petition.
In February 2000,
During the original run of letters and calls Bureau formed on the basis of the State Bureau for letters and calls.
In January 2005,
Premier Wen Jiabao signed State Council Decree No. 431, new amendments to regulations of the petition of the State Council.
In 2008
Promulgated on violations of disciplinary regulations on the work of letters and calls of the work discipline violation petition several issues concerning the applicable CPC disciplinary Ordinance, this is the first time since the founding of new China on visits work accountability made special provisions.
2009
The 2009 white paper on progress in China's human rights cause, in 2009, the total national petition down 2.7%, 5 consecutive years maintained a declining trend.
2011
Total complaint letters and visits for 7 consecutive years, collective petitions, Shigenobu revisited, abnormal decline in the number of petitions and letters order improved markedly "four declined and a better" overall situation.
2013
States to rescind letters ranking system rolled out across the country.
This version of doing a Beijing News reporter Xing Shiwei
(Original title: law-related petition involved in a lawsuit reform goals: to end judicial)
【看点】
《决定》提出：改革信访工作制度，实行网上受理信访制度，健全及时就地解决群众合理诉求机制。把涉法涉诉信访纳入法治轨道解决，建立涉法涉诉信访依法终结制度。
关键词：涉法涉诉信访
“涉法涉诉信访直接进入申诉程序”
“《全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》涉及信访工作的内容中，把涉法涉诉信访纳入法治轨道解决是最重头的内容。”中国社会科学院农村所社会问题研究中心主任于建嵘称，信访的类别中，除了正常征地、拆迁、劳资纠纷等行政类信访外，涉及法院枉法裁判、公安局刑讯逼供导致冤假错案的涉法涉诉类信访也不在少数。
举例来说，对于信访件的涉事法院来说，信访部门会把信访材料转办给法院，法院经过审查后决定是否重新立案。而在司法程序中，此类案件除了进信访渠道外，也可以直接进入申诉程序立案。因此，对于涉法涉诉信访来说，从程序上比申诉程序要更费时费力。
于建嵘认为，此次三中全会首次提出把涉法涉诉信访纳入法治轨道解决，建立涉法涉诉信访依法终结制度，具体的操作方式是涉法涉诉信访不再通过信访渠道，而是直接进入申诉程序，这样可以最迅速地为访民解决合理诉求。
“这仅仅是一个开始。”于建嵘认为，此次涉法涉诉信访法治化，也是信访逐渐被司法取代的一个开始。他表示，任何法治国家的法治核心，都最终不需要信访这类救济途径，我国正在建立以法治为核心的社会体系。预计不久的将来，当我国的法律体系逐渐健全、法制观念深入人心时，司法就会取代信访。
关键词：网上信访
网上信访“方便跟踪和互动”
中国政法大学副校长马怀德认为，三中全会在信访方面提及实行网上受理信访制度，说明中央、国家信访部门已经把网上信访工作纳入了重点工作中。
当前，我国的信访主要以信件、进京上访为主，进京上访对于上访者来说成本很高，信件也是较为传统的信访方式，不方便上访者对信访的跟踪和互动。网上信访则可以有效地解决这些问题。马怀德称，在互联网时代，网上信访具有快捷、低成本、可跟踪的优势。
据了解，从今年7月1日起，国家信访局门户网站全面放开受理信访内容。国务院副秘书长、国家信访局局长舒晓琴称，应引导群众更多地通过网络平台反映诉求，方便群众足不出户即可查看办理进程和结果，不断降低信访成本。
对于网上信访的流程监督和公开，舒晓琴表示，要建立健全网上信访事项办理机制和网上回访、网上督察制度，切实提高信访事项办理效率，不断降低行政成本。同时，信访部门要依托网络平台打造阳光信访，逐步解决好网上信访过程和结果可查询、可跟踪、可督办、可评价等问题。
马怀德预计，由于当前访民主要以进京访、信件访为主，这两种信访方式仍将成为未来一段时间内最主要的信访方式，网上信访将作为一种补充存在。经过一段时间，国家的网上信访工作比较成熟后，会有更多的访民利用网络上访。
关键词：就地解决
就地解决诉求 化解矛盾前置
据于建嵘介绍，目前，上访者中很多访民因为在当地上访没有效果，随后越级上访，甚至进京上访。2005年以来，直接进京上访的访民数量骤然增加。
在这种背景下，由于我国对各个省市、各个省市对各个地市、各个地市对各个县区都实施“信访排名”、“责任追究”等制度，造成各地派专人进京拦访截访的事例屡见不鲜。
“实际上，造成这样结果的根本原因是各地对于本地区访民的合理诉求没有很好地解决，逐渐导致访民对地方的信任度下降，最后大量的访民进京访。”于建嵘认为，按照现行的信访制度，即使是进京上访，国家信访局收到了上访信件，也大多是层层批转，由省一级批转到地市，由地市批转到县区，相当于兜了一大圈，最后还是回到区县里解决问题。
“所以，解决好这个问题的根本是解决好就地信访的问题。”于建嵘称，三中全会提出健全及时就地解决群众合理诉求机制，实际上就是引导监督本地信访部门能够更有效地及时解决当地信访问题。
于建嵘称，此次三中全会的提法是“合理诉求”，没有提“信访问题”，这说明中央对于信访问题的看法更为深入，及时解决群众诉求，前置化的化解矛盾是核心和重点。
据了解，今年10月11日，中央政法委、中央综治委等联合召开大会，纪念毛泽东批示“枫桥经验”50周年。“枫桥经验”的核心就是依靠和发动群众，矛盾不上交，有矛盾在当地解决。中央的新思路目前已在浙江、江苏等省市进行试点，如何在当地前置化的化解矛盾是试点的重要内容。
于建嵘表示，信访问题就地解决，前置化解决矛盾将成为未来我国化解社会矛盾、处理信访问题的趋势。
■ 背景
全国范围不再搞信访排名
2005年1月，《信访条例》修订完成，当年5月起施行。根据这部条例，各级政府应当建立健全信访工作责任制，对信访工作中的失职、渎职行为，追究有关责任人员的责任，并在一定范围内予以通报。
此后，国家信访部门每月会对各省(市、区)“非正常上访”人次数进行排名，各省市信访部门也会对各地市排名，直至县市及乡镇政府。由于信访案件多发于基层，县市级及乡镇政府的信访工作，随即成为对当地党政干部政绩考核的指标之一。
这一指标又逐步演化为：各级党政领导成为信访责任人，其管辖的辖区内访民进京上访次数与党政领导的前途直接挂钩。各地对此也出台了详细的评分体系。
中国社会科学院农村所社会问题研究中心主任于建嵘表示，“信访排名”制度的设计初衷是要通过排名、通报制度约束地方政府更好地解决民生问题。但近年来中国社会处于转型期，这个阶段社会各类矛盾凸显，信访案件数量上升是一个客观现实。“制度设计之初没有考虑到地方政府很可能在转型期压力过大的问题。”于建嵘认为。
十八大后，我国已经开始在部分省市进行取消排名的试点。从今年3月开始，这些省市没有收到国家信访局关于各省“非正常上访”人次数的排名表。中央政法委近期公布的数字显示，今年1月至8月，全国信访总量比去年同期下降2.5%，总量有所下降。
■ 信访大事记
1979年8月
中央机关处理上访问题领导小组成立。
1980年8月
国务院颁布《关于维护信访工作秩序的几项规定》。
1986年12月
中共中央办公厅信访局、国务院办公厅信访局合并，成立中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅信访局。
1995年10月
李鹏总理签署国务院第185号令，发布《信访条例》。
2000年2月
在原中办国办信访局基础上组建成立国家信访局。
2005年1月
温家宝总理签署第 431号国务院令，发布新修订的国务院《信访条例》。
2008年
颁布《关于违反信访工作纪律处分暂行规定》《关于违反信访工作纪律适用〈中国共产党纪律处分条例〉若干问题的解释》，这是新中国成立以来第一次就信访工作责任追究问题作出专门规定。
2009年
《2009年中国人权事业的进展》白皮书称，2009年，全国信访总量同比下降2.7%，连续5年保持了下降的态势。
2011年
连续7年保持信访总量、集体上访、重信重访、非正常上访数量下降和信访秩序明显好转的“四下降一好转”总体态势。
2013年
国家取消信访排名通报制度在全国范围内铺开。
本版采写 新京报记者 邢世伟
(原标题：涉法涉诉信访改革目标：以司法终结)
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