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The author:(作者)hpmailerpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/17 9:00:17 Those involved in the decision to draft
Participation in the drafting and revision of the decision, remembered two important principles: first, write only when drafting the reform, especially written for substantial reforms, development in principle, not write; second, modifications, might undermine efforts to reform unless there is sufficient reason, generally does not change.
AP-first public plenary session Communique outlined how the reform roadmap? Many new references, new window, behind the new initiative, which unleashed important reforms signal? Xinhua interviewed participants in the decision of the drafting group of the central financial work leading group Yang Weimin, Deputy Director of the Office.
"Comprehensive reform leading group" + "reforms timetable" reform efforts unprecedented
Yang Weimin: reform initiatives there will always some worry that it is difficult to put in place. The plenary adopted a number of strong initiatives to show that the new Central leading collective firm commitment to reform, and implementation and reform "do not talk big."
A central set up comprehensive reform leading group, responsible for the overall design, integrated and coordinated, holistic reform process, to monitor the implementation. Reform distribution of benefits has been adjusted to the current critical period, a Department push for comprehensive reform alone are hard to come by, you need a high level body to grasp the overall situation, making decisions, integrated and coordinated all aspects of condensed reform consensus to implement supervision and inspection to prevent reforms "talk big".
Second was crystal clear on "by 2020, the decisive results on reform in important fields and crucial links" timetable. This means that the remaining 7 years must complete the reform put forward by the decision of the tasks, the timetable set for the various departments and local reforms last border and bottom line, shows that these reforms be inspections, assessments, can be implemented.
After more than half a year drafting, and survive the decision sentence after sentence is to reform, Word by Word. About 20,000 words of space, 15 60 specific tasks in the field, is to reform everything, or a direction of reform, and or a goal, or a reform initiative, implementation of significant influence in the development and institutional mechanisms in this field, some of them even brought about fundamental changes.
Participation in the drafting and revision of the decision, remembered two important principles: first, write only when drafting the reform, especially written for substantial reforms, development in principle, not write; second, modifications, might undermine efforts to reform unless there is sufficient reason, generally does not change. Increasing task of reform, there is a certain consensus, as long as there is the greatest common divisor are written on. Heard many participants say didn't think were very surprised that reform is unprecedented, fully reflects the party dared to adhering of reform determination and courage, the courage to acting.
Market in the allocation of resources from the "fundamental role" with the words "a decisive role"
Yang Weimin: communiqué from the market in the allocation of resources in the past, "an essential role" with the words "a decisive role" change of two words, is of great significance, is the decision the biggest bright spot and major theoretical innovations, is the connotation of socialist market economy in China "quality" enhance and deepen economic restructuring and reform in other fields in the future the basic guidelines. Impact their future would be as much as 14 plenary session target of establishing a socialist market economic system.
Why do we have to change? First, captures the essence of socialist market economy system---using less resources to produce as many products as possible. Past emphasis on market allocation of resources in the "fundamental role" in bringing the market in the allocation of resources under the State macro-control function, but cannot maximize marketing efficiency. The Word change, has held the most deep-seated problems of China's economic system reform, means that the allocation of resources on the issue of other actors such as Governments, can influence and guide the allocation of resources, but the decision can only be a market.
Two main line and the road map is clear economic system reform. Now everyone is looking for a breakthrough in the reform of, the bulletin to bring the market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources, defined the next breakthrough in reforms and the road map. All economic sectors of the future reforms is to play a decisive role as ruler of the market in resource allocation. This year, promoting some reforms, including economic growth in the first half, outsiders are looking forward to the Government, but did not move, embodied the role depends on stabilizing financial markets.
Third, captures the root of China's real economic problems. Although more than 30 years of reform, initially established a socialist market economy, but the economy is far from perfect in many ways, the core issue is the Government directly to the resource reasonable configuration too much, not too much. Excess capacity, too many cities seriously, use of arable land and local government debt risks, environmental protection and so on, to a large extent associated with government intervention. Adhere to market-oriented reforms, is the fundamental solutions to real economic problems.
Clearly define the functions and role of Government
Yang Weimin: emphasize the market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources, is by no means negate or weaken the Government. In the modern economy, markets and Governments are equally important, but the connotation is different. Allocation of resources is concerned, Government's role is to guide and influence the allocation of resources, rather than directly to the allocation of resources.
Meanwhile, only define the functions and role of the Government, the Government ONSide, to make the market play a decisive role in the allocation of resources, we can solve the current issue coexisting responsibilities offside, vacancy, is not in place by the Government. The decision clearly defines the functions and role of the Government, can be summed up as 5 functions, 20 characters: the macroeconomic control, market supervision, social administration, environmental protection, public services.
(Original title: Task 7 must be completed within one year of the decision of the reform)
参与《决定》的起草和修改，记忆深刻的是两点重要原则：一是起草时只写改革，特别是写重大改革，发展的任务原则上不写；二是修改时，但凡有可能削弱改革力度的，除非有特别充足理由，一般不修改。
据新华社电 先行公开的三中全会公报勾勒了怎样的改革路线图？诸多新提法、新亮点、新举措背后，释放出哪些重要改革信号？新华社记者就此采访了参与《决定》起草组工作的中央财经领导小组办公室副主任杨伟民。
“全面深化改革领导小组”+“改革时间表”改革力度前所未有
杨伟民：对于改革举措，社会上总有人担心难以落实到位。此次全会通过一些有力举措向外界表明新一届中央领导集体坚定改革的决心，狠抓落实确保改革“不放空炮”。
一是中央成立全面深化改革领导小组，负责改革总体设计、统筹协调、整体推进、监督落实。当前改革已到调整利益格局的攻坚期，仅靠一个部门推动全方位改革是很难的，需要一个高层次机构来把握大局做决策，统筹协调各方面，凝聚改革共识，落实监督检查，防止改革“放空炮”。
二是鲜明提出“到2020年，在重要领域和关键环节改革上取得决定性成果”的时间表。这意味着剩下的7年时间必须完成《决定》提出的改革任务，这一时间表为各部门和地方设定了改革最后的边界和底线，表明这些改革任务是可检查、可评估、可落实的。
历经半年多时间起草，千锤百炼后的《决定》可谓句句是改革，字字有力度。大约2万字篇幅、15个领域60项具体任务，每一句话都是改革，或者是一个改革方向、或者一个改革目标、或者一个改革举措，落实下去都会对该领域发展和体制机制发生重大影响，有些甚至带来根本性的变化。
参与《决定》的起草和修改，记忆深刻的是两点重要原则：一是起草时只写改革，特别是写重大改革，发展的任务原则上不写；二是修改时，但凡有可能削弱改革力度的，除非有特别充足理由，一般不修改。增加的改革任务只要有最大公约数的、有一定共识的都写上。听到很多参会人员说没想到，很意外，改革力度前所未有，充分体现了党中央敢于碰硬、勇于担当的改革决心和勇气。
市场在资源配置中起“基础性作用”改为“决定性作用”
杨伟民：公报将过去的市场在资源配置中起“基础性作用”改为“决定性作用”，两字之变，意义十分重大，是《决定》最大的亮点和重大理论创新，是对我国社会主义市场经济内涵“质”的提升，也是未来深化经济体制改革及其他领域改革的基本方针。其未来影响将不亚于十四届三中全会提出建立社会主义市场经济体制改革的目标。
为什么要改？一是抓住了社会主义市场经济体制的本质特征———用尽可能少的资源投入生产尽可能多的产品。过去强调市场在资源配置中起“基础性作用”，在国家宏观调控下发挥市场配置资源作用，但都不能最大限度提高市场效率。此次两字之变，抓住了我国经济体制改革最深层次的问题，意味着在配置资源问题上，其他力量如政府，可以影响和引导资源配置，但决定者只能是市场。
二是明确经济体制改革的主线和路线图。当下大家都在寻找改革的突破口，公报提出使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用，明确了下一步改革的突破口和路线图。未来所有经济领域改革都要以是否发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用为标尺。今年推动的一些改革，包括上半年经济增速下滑，外界都期待政府出手，但并没有动，就体现了要依靠市场发挥稳定经济的作用。
三是抓住了我国现实经济问题的根。虽然30多年改革，初步建立社会主义市场经济体制，但目前经济体制在很多方面很不完善，核心问题还是政府对资源的直接配置过多、不合理干预太多。产能过剩、城市病严重、耕地占用过多、地方债风险、生态环境保护等，很大程度上都与政府干预多有关。坚持市场化改革方向，是解决现实经济问题的根本。
清楚界定了政府职能和作用
杨伟民：强调市场在资源配置中发挥决定性作用，绝不是否定或弱化政府作用。现代经济中，市场和政府的作用同样重要，但作用的内涵不同。就资源配置而言，政府作用是引导和影响资源配置，而不是直接配置资源。
同时，只有界定政府的职能和作用，政府不越位，才能使市场在资源配置中发挥决定性作用，才能解决目前政府职责越位、缺位、不到位并存的问题。《决定》清晰界定了政府职能和作用，可概括为5项职能、20个字：即宏观调控、市场监管、公共服务、社会管理、保护环境。
(原标题：7年内必须完成《决定》改革任务)
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