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The author:(作者)hpmailerpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/19 11:27:40 Academia Sinica academician on retirement： do science can retire at age 80
Fellow retired
The CPC Central Committee on several major issues of comprehensive reform decision made, reform member of selection and management system, course layout optimization, increase the proportion of young talent, introduced fellow retirement and exit system.
You choose? What away? Recently, the Chengdu business newspaper reporter Wei Fusheng, he zuoxiu, academician Wu yousheng of three Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of engineering.
He zuoxiu
At the age of 53 (1980) was elected fellow of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Wei Fusheng
At the age of 59 (1997), academician of the Chinese Academy of engineering
Wu yousheng
At the age of 52 (1994), academician of the Chinese Academy of engineering
Fellow, fellow of the society of mind is that hanging too high too, a person elected fellow of either the funds or the laboratories or recruiting easier, resulting in units or local elected academician of more people as a collective goal of. Hope Fellowship if normal exit mechanism, can give society "academician hot" cool. ---Wei Fusheng
If there is a fellow of the gift received, you should use exit to exit. Academicians this group must meet very high standards on the social ethics and moral, not just academic. ---Wu yousheng
What is a young man, there was 20 years old when the young fellow, young age, should be defined clearly. In the technology sector, academicians are 50 years old young man. ---He zuoxiu
Retirement age right back?
"Do science could fall 80 administrative positions are available in more than 60 years"
75 year old Wei Fusheng is 59 years old, was elected fellow of the Chinese Academy of engineering, textile engineering, environment and. Second year of 60 years of age, from the China environmental monitoring centre of the Ministry of environmental protection Vice head of the station fall down on the job. A few days ago, Wei Fusheng also participated in the discussion of Chinese Academy of engineering academician system reform Conference.
Wei Fusheng told Chengdu business newspaper reporters, definition of academician is the highest academic honor, not a duty. But some alienation, alienation into fellow for life, never retire. At present, whether fellow real retirement or not, its income was unchanged, unlike other professors, wage income after retirement, 90% or. At present, introduced senior academicians of Chinese Academy of engineering systems, which means that after Academician to be 80 years old, had no right to vote and to be elected, will not participate in the evaluation of new elected academician of, based on the condition no longer take on national research projects. 10 years ago, he himself will no longer bear the environmental protection Ministry and the Ministry of science and technology issued by major subject, undertakes advisory topics of Chinese Academy of engineering.
Said Wei Fusheng, academician units are not the same, each unit at an exit mechanism implementation are also different. As a general rule after the age of 60 academicians do not hold administrative positions, but can be served as Director of academic Committee, you can continue to do research, national research projects. But some unit provides after the age of 65 will not bear national major research projects, some academicians of 80 years of age in some countries major scientific research projects.
"The retirement age is 60 years old now, but for scientists, more than 60 years of retirement and is clearly too early. "Said Wei Fusheng, academician pushed the retirement system, need to do more detailed research and national estimates need for uniform specifications. But many scientists energies are in good health, is still the backbone of scientific research, can contribute even more than 80 years old. In his own view, academicians retirement age can be defined at the age of 80, senior member of the threshold. After the age of 80, with no more major projects, without the right to vote and stand for election, equivalent to actual retirement. And if fellow administrative cadres, should be identified at the age of 60 or 65 years old is no longer as, fellow of the think tank.
China ship scientific research center director Wu yousheng was elected in 1994, academician of Chinese Academy of engineering, he also believes that when retirement should be set according to the actual situation. In the United Kingdom, professionals, professors, research scientists and technicians, the retirement age is gradually extended, some countries to be 70 years old. Our nation as a retirement age of 60. Fellow, but a lot of this age are very experienced, and probably can be a good person. Therefore, the retirement age should be further proof. Raised Wu yousheng, academician if something done well, even have a very bad effect, certain conditions, then you should get rid of this title, they should quit, academician system should not be regarded as safe.
You choose how many years old is middle-aged and young talents?
"Academicians on the age of 40 have a genius"
If fellow retirement withdrawal mechanism, what is the impact on young and middle-aged scientists? Wei Fusheng said the academicians selected this year was relatively young and most of the 50 years or so. Whereas previously scientists of the older generation, many are only elected more than 60 or 70 years old. Academician was the need to increase the forces nouvelles, this is our consensus. Some fellow old may be conservative, if senior academicians not to participate in elections, is good old, after all, lack of energy, consultants can do without hands. On the growth of young talents will benefit.
However, in 1980 to 53 years of age was elected an academician, researcher at the Institute for theoretical physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences academician he zuoxiu does not consider young higher proportion, the better. "What is youth, there was 20 years old when the young fellow, young age, should be defined clearly. "The physicist to speak directly told Chengdu business daily said in an interview with reporters, in the technology sector, academicians are 50 years old young man. He zuoxiu, said scientist elected fellow of 40 years old, must have been a genius. In the technology sector, title of academician is the highest academic, scientific and technological achievements could not come out a lot of young people, academic evaluation could not see.
How to change to prevent disguised canvassing?
"Academician accept gifts, you should exit, do not keep the title"
"Hope academicians if normal exit mechanism can give society Fellows heat cool. "Wei Fusheng bluntly told Chengdu business newspaper reporters.
Wu yousheng said that in other countries, Member is as much an academic title, which is respect for science and talent. Values of society fellow of the graduate schools in China, it is inevitable for any side effects. When signs academician, academicians stopgap, what activities would be invited academicians to participate in as many problems as a mere formality name linked to the case. Wei Fusheng said provisions of Chinese Academy of engineering, fellow in General to attend such a day consulting fee is 800 Yuan, belonging to the specification. But to invite fellow units, giving advisory fees ranging from 3,000 to 5,000 yuan. Need to regulate in the future is that fellow part-time, what can be done and which cannot do participated in a demonstration, which can be paid and what they should have.
Wu yousheng says, on the other hand, many fellow, on the departments seek comment on one or two, as the sector's credit, began to organize a team to do research, organize book, hanging in a personal name, cultured by means of packaging and make fellow candidate brings to the academicians elect interference. Some votes are covert, fellows participate in project appraisal, argument, came to more than the standard consulting fees or gifts in the future. Some people even call support through leadership. If there is a fellow of the gift received, you should use exit to exit. Academicians this group must meet very high standards on the social ethics and moral, not just academic. Done should not retain the title of academician, or caused adverse effects to the country.
Some academicians should be five years presented a comment. Wu yousheng very strongly objected to the idea. Wu yousheng said, felt as if this fellow as a special class, is a rare treatment. Fellow selection is very strict because, after all, is not a job, is the highest academic title. Said Wu yousheng, fellow of the Academy of engineering elected once every two years, each selected once, twice, up to-60 people at a time. Every time they attend an assessment to open for about a week at a time. "If all the selection, it takes a lot of research time. There's no need. ”
Academicians should be renamed to expert recommendations/Executive Member
Gu Haibing, a Professor of Renmin University of China national economy management has long studied the Academician system. He said that fellow in English without the word, United States Academy is United States Academy of Sciences member, United Kingdom Royal Society actually is called United Kingdom Royal Society, United Kingdom or bark, academician of CAs, told members. Abroad for those given by the Academy of science, more is the responsibility of the powers were limited, but on the contrary. Units are desperately seeking. Chinese academician system is usually the rank and official rank and links.
Gu Haibing believes that if the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of engineering, you can remove the administrative use of color, into Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of engineering, academicians are called members, should also return to the academic nature of Academia Sinica dropped out or not out is not an issue. Change "to the outside world is not a Halo. To a member, not a proper noun, do you still excited? "The Chengdu business newspaper reporter Qian Zhao Beijing
(Original title: it is recommended that administrative duties back in time, scientific research to get 80)
院士退休
《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》提出，改革院士遴选和管理体制，优化学科布局，提高中青年人才比例，实行院士退休和退出制度。
怎么选？怎么退？近日，成都商报记者专访魏复盛、何祚庥、吴有生三位中国科学院及中国工程院的院士。
何祚庥
53岁时（1980年）当选中国科学院院士
魏复盛
59岁时（1997年）当选中国工程院院士
吴有生
52岁时（1994年）当选中国工程院院士
社会对于院士的心态是把院士说得太高太悬，一个人当选院士，单位不管是经费还是实验室或者招生都更容易，结果导致单位或者当地把更多人当选院士作为一个集体奋斗的目标。希望院士如果有正常的退出机制，可以给社会上的“院士热”降降温。———魏复盛
如果有院士收礼品，就应该运用退出机制退出。院士这个群体必须在社会公德和道德上达到很高标准，不仅是学术。———吴有生
什么是年轻人，有没有20岁就当院士的年轻人，年轻人的岁数应该定义清楚。在科技界中，50岁的院士都属于年轻人。———何祚庥
怎么退 退休年龄多大合适？
“搞科研可以80岁退 行政职位可在60多岁”
75岁的魏复盛是在59岁那年当选的中国工程院环境与轻纺工程学部院士。第二年年满60岁，他从环保部中国环境监测总站副站长的岗位上退了下来。前几天，魏复盛也参加了中国工程院讨论院士制度改革的会议。
魏复盛告诉成都商报记者，其实院士原来的定义只是最高学术荣誉称号，并非一种职务。但有些单位异化了，将院士异化成终身制，永远不退休。目前，不管院士实质退休与否，其工资收入都是不变的，不像其他的教授，退休后工资会拿原来收入的90%或者95%。而目前，中国工程院实行资深院士制度，也就是说院士到了80岁以后，就没有选举权和被选举权，也不会再参与新增选院士的评定，可以根据身体情况基本不再承担国家大的科研项目。他自己其实在10年前就不再承担环保部和科技部下达的重大课题，主要承担中国工程院的一些咨询课题。
魏复盛说，院士们所在单位并不一样，在退出机制上各个单位执行也不同。比如一般规定60岁以后院士不担任行政职务，但可以担任学术委员会主任，可以继续做科研，承担国家科研课题。但有的单位规定65岁以后不承担国家重大科研课题，有的院士80岁还在承担一些国家重大科研课题。
“现在退休年龄是60岁，可对于科学家来说，60多岁退休又显然太早。”魏复盛说，推院士退休制度，需要国家做更详细的调研和测算，需要有统一的规范。但很多科学家精力健康状况都比较好，还是科研中坚力量，甚至80多岁能做出贡献。他个人认为，院士退休年龄可以界定在80岁资深院士这个门槛上。80岁之后，不再承担大的项目，没有选举权和被选举权，相当于实际就退休了。而如果院士担任行政干部，应该确定在60岁或者65岁之后不再担任，院士起思想库的作用。
中国船舶科学研究中心名誉所长吴有生是在1994年当选的中国工程院院士，他也认为何时退休应根据实际情况来定。在英国，专业人员，教授，研究机构的科技人员，退休年龄逐步延长，有的国家到了70岁。我们国家把60岁当成退休年龄。但很多院士这个岁数经验非常丰富，可能能当好几个人用。因此，退休年龄应该进一步论证。吴有生提出，院士如果有些事做得不好，甚至有极坏影响，到了一定条件，那么就应去掉这个称号，就应该退出，院士制度并不应该是保险箱。
怎么选 多少岁算中青年人才？
“40岁当上院士 已经是天才了”
那么如果制定院士退休退出机制，对中青年科学家会有什么影响？魏复盛表示，其实今年选的院士就已经比较年轻，多数50岁左右。而以前老一辈科学家，不少是60多岁甚至70岁才当选。本来院士需要增加新生力量，这是大家的共识。一些院士年纪大了可能思想会保守，如果资深院士不再参与选举，有好处，毕竟年纪大精力不足，做顾问就可以了，不用亲力亲为。这样对中青年人才的成长也会有好处。
不过，1980年以53岁年龄当选中国科学院院士，中国科学院理论物理研究所研究员的何祚庥并不认为院士中中青年比例提得越高越好。“什么是年轻人，有没有20岁就当院士的年轻人，年轻人的岁数应该定义清楚。”这位一向说话直接的物理学家在接受成都商报记者采访时表示，在科技界中，50岁的院士都属于年轻人。何祚庥表示，40岁的科学家当选院士，一定是比较天才的。科技界里，院士是最高学术荣誉称号，年轻人的科技成果不可能一下出来很多，学术评价不可能马上看到。
怎么改 如何防止变相拉票？
“院士收礼品，就应该退出，不保留称号”
“希望院士如果有正常的退出机制，可以给社会上的院士热降降温。”魏复盛直率地告诉成都商报记者。
吴有生说，在其他国家，院士其实就是多了一个学术称号，这是对科学和人才的尊重。我国社会对于院士金字招牌的看重，难免产生一些副作用。比如把院士当招牌，什么方面都要请院士充数，什么活动都要请院士参加，出现很多流于形式挂虚名的情况。魏复盛说，中国工程院有规定，一般院士出席这种会，一天咨询费是800元，属于规范的。但落实到各个邀请院士的单位，给出的咨询费3000到5000元不等。将来需要规范的是，院士有兼职，哪些可以做，哪些不能做；参加各种论证会，哪些可以有报酬哪些不能有。
吴有生说，另一方面，很多部门把争取评上一两个院士作为本部门的功劳，就开始组织团队做科研，组织写书，都挂在一个人名下，用包装和拔高的手段培养院士候选人，给院士增选带来干扰。有些拉选票是变相拉，请院士参加各种课题鉴定会、论证会，来了以后就给超过标准的咨询费或者礼品。有些人甚至通过领导打电话要求支持。如果有院士收礼品，就应该运用退出机制退出。院士这个群体必须在社会公德和道德上达到很高标准，不仅是学术。做不到就不应保留院士称号，否则给国家带来不良影响。
有些提出院士应该五年一评。吴有生非常坚决地反对这种观点。吴有生说，感觉这好像把院士当成特殊阶层，是一个不可多得的待遇一样。其实院士评选很严格，毕竟这不是岗位，是最高学术称号。吴有生说，工程院每两年选一次院士，每选一次要开两次会，每次最多选60个人。他们每次参加评选一次要开一个礼拜的会。“如果成天搞评选，会占用大量科研时间。根本没有必要。”
专家建议 / 去行政化 院士应改称会员
中国人民大学国民经济管理系教授顾海兵曾长期研究院士制度。他说，英文当中并没有院士这个单词，美国科学院院士其实是美国科学院会员，英国皇家科学院实际叫做英国皇家学会，英国也不叫院士，叫会员。国外对于这些科学学会会员更多赋予的是责任，对权力则是限制的，但中国相反。各地各单位都在拼命争取。中国通常把院士制度等级化，又把等级和官位联系。
顾海兵认为，如果中国科学院和中国工程院可以去掉行政化色彩，改成中国科学学会和中国工程学会，院士们都称之为会员，应该也就回到学术本质，也就不存在院士退出或者不退出的问题了。改变称呼“给外界感觉就不是光环。来了一个会员，不是专有名词，你还会激动不已吗？”成都商报记者 赵倩 北京报道
（原标题：建议行政职务按时退，科研搞到80岁）
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