Go homepage(回首页) Upload pictures (上传图片) Write articles (发文字帖)
The author:(作者)hpmailerpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/19 11:27:51 After the Shanghai family planning have fewer population of 7 million people of Hong Kong
Shanghai beginning in the mid 50 advocated birth control, is one of the earliest cities to carry out family planning work in the country, first reached the low fertility level in the country, and since 1993 towards negative growth registered population natural changes.
More than 30 years since the reform and opening up, Shanghai's rapid social and economic development, population and family planning work is constant innovation and development. Since the introduction of family planning since the city less total about 7 million people, the number 1 in Hong Kong (or 1/Switzerland) of the population. According to the Municipal Department of health family planning data, the end of 2012, the city's resident population is 23.8043 million people.
In 2012, the Shanghai City's natural population growth rate was 4.2 per thousand (a total of 226,000 people was born), the registered population total fertility rate is 1.07, is lower than the national average. , The city's permanent population birth rate of children is 78.93%, the second child per cent, multiple-child rate of 19.71%, a child rates decline 0.05%; foreign resident child birth rate per cent, two-child rates for 64.44%, multiple-child rate of 2.78%, a child rates increase by 3.34%.
In retrospect, history of Shanghai family planning for more than 30 years history can be divided into 3 stages-the
After the third plenary session of
Population control
One couple one child
After the third plenary session in order to control the population as the main target, Shanghai promoting family planning service into a new development stage.
In 1979, the city enacted the regulations on promoting the family planning and to articulate the Shanghai family planning requirements are: late marriage and childbearing, fewer children. Provide incentives for parents to receive one-child certificates, delayed marriage and childbearing to extend marriage, fertility. In August 1981, the Municipal Government will renew the enactment of the regulations regarding the implementation of family planning, family planning and increased requirements of eugenics, strongly advocated a couple one child, strict control of two children, put an end to multiple births. On October 3, 1984, in accordance with the CPC Central Committee [document 1984]7 spirit, the municipal party Committee and municipal government forwards a report of the performance and future views on family planning, have made some adjustments on specific planning policies, increased the terms of looking after their second child. The same year, the CPC Shanghai Municipal Committee and Municipal Government agreed to educate young people consciously do late marriage and late childbirth, fewer eugenics included construction of civilized unit, and one of the 6 criteria, which requires that all units appeared without planning for the year may not be as advanced (civilization).
In December 1982, the Shanghai Municipal family planning Commission is established. On July 21, 1986, the City Planning Commission and the Office of the municipal health Bureau branch and municipal entities. Since 1979, the commune, the street is equipped with a dedicated cadre of family planning. At the same time, urban family planning publicity and Education Center, the city of Shanghai Journal of family planning and population information centers, municipal population Institute, the family planning Association, family planning, prenatal and postnatal care, scientific research society, the Municipal Association of sexuality education, scientific associations have been set up. In addition, the affiliated Institute of population studies in universities and other scientific research institutions have been set up.
Starting in the early 80, the city's medical and health institutions was established within the 361 points of sterilization and has a team of more than 800 people and passed the examination of sterilization of troop. In 1981, the district and County maternal and child health have opened outpatient health care before marriage, premarital health checks and health guidance of the marriage. In 1987, the Municipal Government promulgated the provisional rules on the health examination before marriage in Shanghai, which requires that all new marriages must hold a health inspection certificate before they can get hitched, and annually thereafter, the city's premarital examination rate reached 95% per cent.
1989 – 1999
Changing Center of gravity
From the controlled quantity towards quality
1989-1999, consolidation of improvement period for family planning work in Shanghai.
1989 "China's 1.1 billion population day" activities, when he was Communist Party Chief Jiang Zemin's inscription of the Shanghai family supplement "to control the population and improve its quality for the benefit of generations", led the city's family planning work from merely control the population shift to improving population quality.
In March 1990, the Municipal Government decided that the sequence of each district and County Family Planning Committee for inclusion in the Government. In January 1991, the State Establishment Committee approved, included in the sequence of the Municipal Government of Shanghai family planning Committee. Family planning devices, management stations, making a supply depot, training center and other institutions were established. In August 1996, the Municipal Government decided to set up the Shanghai municipal population and family planning work group.
On March 14, 1990, the municipal people's Congress for deliberation by the Shanghai family planning regulations, the family planning policy has been adjusted. On October 11, the municipal government issued the implementing rules for the regulations of Shanghai family planning. On October 29, the municipal family planning Commission and the city treasurer of joint communications, presented to the of fines under the Ordinance and the rules of management and financial approaches. The city's family planning work step by step by the administration into the legal system orbit.
In April 1998, the municipal party Committee and Government agree that the city's population and family planning work in three objectives: natural growth rate of population control in the 0 to-1.5 per thousand birth population quality improved, the basic realization of ideas and methods of family planning, "two transformations", establishing a modern international metropolis of family planning management and service system and working mechanism, implementation of child-bearing age people universal access to basic reproductive health services. In September 1998, the Municipal Government published the external mobile personnel in Shanghai family planning regulations, the municipality forwards the further strengthening of the Office of the city's population and family planning work. In 1999, the municipal population and family planning work group issued the Shanghai municipal planning basic reproductive health care services for people of reproductive age and the views on the city to improve the birth population quality, increase the intensity of reproductive health-care services, improving birth quality from its source.
Entering the new century
Integrated control
Double couple alone bearing two children
Entering the new century, the central population family planning not only to carry out family planning work, and comprehensively considering China's population policy to continue to do research on population development strategy; to strengthen population regulation and management; innovative ideas, mechanisms and methods population and family planning work, and so on.
Shanghai Municipal family planning Commission at first changed its name to "Shanghai municipal population and family planning Commission", expanding expanding related functions.
In May 2000, the municipal party Committee and municipal government issued the decision on further strengthening the work of population and family planning. In 2006, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the on comprehensively strengthening population and family planning work of comprehensively addressing population issues the decision of municipal party Committee and Government also issued regulations on the implementation of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on strengthening population and family planning work of comprehensively addressing population issues decided opinions.
On December 29, 2001, the national people's Congress adopted the law on population and family planning, and implemented with effect from September 1, 2002. In December 2003, was adopted by the Standing Committee of the Shanghai municipal population and family planning regulations, and implemented with effect from April 15, 2004. This marks the city's population and family planning work entered in population regulation and integrated management as the main task of the new era. The Ordinance clearly meet "are both the only child" conditions, such as who, bearing two children can be arranged.
On March 31, 2006, the Shanghai Municipal Government issued regulations on family planning reward and social security number. Municipal population and family planning departments and related departments to coordinate the development of the rural part of the city family for rewarding and assisting family planning programme for implementation of the system, actively implementing incentives for family planning mass treatment under the law.
In the course of the, this city active exploration established to now live to mainly, and inflow to and outflow to mutual tie of floating population family planning management and service new mechanism; full started Shanghai city population and family planning integrated management information systems project construction, basic achieved has and related sector in population basic information, and marriage information, and newborn was born information area of shared, and gradually perfect population FP public information network; carried out has contraceptive birth control, and fertility wishes, special sample, to exploration established population and development integrated indicators system, Improvement plan-fertility management by objective assessment methods.
In the area of public service system construction of population and family planning, and gradually improve the comprehensive community population and family planning service station () function. At the same time, way to build through government purchases of services, providing basic project planning technical services for couples of reproductive age free. The city has also established a system of population and family planning work press conference, communicated to the Consulates General in Shanghai the Shanghai population and family planning work.
Shanghai pioneered in the country "to help one-child families topic" welfare lottery, used to one-child families on some special difficulties for rescue, upholding "the happiness project--aid poor mothers in action" to help some poor mothers in poverty of family planning.
In March 2013, the City Government city, population and family planning Commission, Board of health duty and the integration of family planning management and service responsibilities, founded the "Shanghai Municipal Committee on health and family planning". Family planning Conference, held April 10 City Health Commission, presented the Organization of illegal reproduction of specific governance, concretely and expand free prepregnancy genetic health screening project to expand coverage, high sex ratio at birth issue, special difficulties, such as family care caring for family planning focus. Chief correspondent, Jie Schoepp
(Original title: less 7 million Shanghai people is equivalent to one of Hong Kong's population)
上海自上世纪50年代中期开始提倡节制生育，是全国最早开展计划生育工作的城市之一，在全国率先达到低生育水平，并于1993年起实现户籍人口自然变动负增长。
改革开放以来的三十多年，上海经济社会快速发展，人口计生工作也不断创新发展。自实行计划生育以来，全市总计约少生700万人口，这个数字相当于1个香港(或者1个瑞士)的人口。据市卫生计生部门数据，至2012年末，全市常住人口为2380.43万人。
2012年，上海全市常住人口自然增长率为4.20‰(出生总数为22.6万人)，户籍人口总和生育率为1.07，均低于全国水平。其中，全市常住人口出生一孩率为78.93%、二孩率为19.71%、多孩率为1.35%，一孩率较上年下降0.05%；外来常住人口出生一孩率为64.44%、二孩率为32.79%、多孩率为2.78%，一孩率较上年增加3.34%。
回首以往，上海计划生育三十余年之沿革历程大致可分为3个阶段——
十一届三中全会以后
控制人口
一对夫妇生育一个孩子
十一届三中全会以后，以控制人口数量为主要目标，上海进入全面推进计划生育工作的新的发展阶段。
■ 1979年，本市颁布《关于推进计划生育的若干规定》，明确提出了上海计划生育的要求是：晚婚，晚育，少生。规定对领取独生子女证的父母给予奖励，对晚婚晚育者延长婚、育假。1981年8月，市政府重新修改颁布了《关于推行计划生育的若干规定》，对计划生育工作增加了优生的要求，大力提倡一对夫妇生育一个孩子，严格控制两胎，杜绝多胎。1984年10月3日，根据中共中央发[1984]7号文件精神，市委、市政府批转了《关于计划生育工作情况和今后意见的报告》，对具体计划生育政策作了一些调整，增加了照顾生育第二个孩子的条款。同年，中共上海市委、市政府同意将教育青年自觉做到晚婚、晚育、少生、优生列入建设文明单位的6条标准之一，规定凡单位出现无计划生育的当年不得评为先进(文明单位)。
■ 1982年12月，上海市计划生育委员会成立。1986年7月21日，市计划生育委员会与市卫生局分署办公，为市政府的实体机构。1979年起，各公社、街道都配备了一名计划生育专职干部。同时，市计划生育宣传教育中心、《上海计划生育报》、市人口情报中心、市人口学会、市计划生育协会、市计划生育科学研究会、市性教育协会、市优生优育科学协会先后成立。此外，挂靠在大学和相关科研机构的一批人口研究所也陆续成立。
■ 上世纪80年代初起，全市在医疗保健机构内设立了361个节育手术点，并有一支800多人的经考核合格的节育手术队伍。1981年，各区、县妇幼保健所开设了婚前保健门诊，进行婚前健康检查和婚姻保健指导。1987年，市政府颁布《上海市婚前健康检查暂行办法》，规定凡新结婚者必须持有健康检查证明，方可登记结婚，此后每年全市婚前受检率都达到了95%以上。
1989年-1999年
转变重心
从控数量转向提质量
1989年-1999年，为上海计划生育工作的巩固提高阶段。
■ 1989年“中国11亿人口日”活动时，时任市委书记江泽民为《上海家庭报》增刊题词“控制人口数量，提高人口素质，造福千秋万代”，引导全市计划生育工作从单纯控制人口数量向提高人口质量转变。
■ 1990年3月，市政府决定，各区、县计划生育委员会列入政府序列。1991年1月，国家编制委员会批复同意，上海市计划生育委员会列入市政府序列。市计划生育药具管理站、药具供应站、干部培训中心等机构先后成立。1996年8月，市委、市政府决定成立上海市人口和计划生育工作领导小组。
■ 1990年3月14日，市人大常委会审议通过《上海市计划生育条例》，对生育政策进行了调整。10月11日，市政府发布《上海市计划生育条例实施细则》。10月29日，市计划生育委员会和市财政局联合发文，提出了对违反《条例》和《细则》的罚款管理和财务处理办法。本市计划生育工作逐步由行政管理纳入法制管理轨道。
■ 1998年4月，市委、市政府同意本市人口与计划生育工作三年工作目标：人口自然增长率控制在0到-1.5‰，出生人口素质明显提高，基本实现计划生育工作思路和方法的“两个转变”，建立适应现代化国际大都市的计划生育管理体制、服务体系和工作机制，实现育龄群众普遍享有基本生殖保健服务。1998年9月，市政府发布《上海市外来流动人员计划生育管理办法》，市政府办公厅批转《关于进一步加强本市人口与计划生育工作的意见》。1999年，市人口与计划生育工作领导小组下发了《上海市育龄群众享有基本生殖保健服务工作规划》以及《关于本市提高出生人口素质工作的意见》，加大生殖健康保健服务工作力度，从源头上提高出生人口素质。
进入新世纪
综合调控
双独夫妇可生育两孩
进入新世纪，中央提出人口计生工作不仅是要抓好计划生育工作，而且要统筹考虑中国的人口政策；要继续做好人口发展战略研究；要加强人口综合调控和综合治理；要不断创新人口计生工作思路、机制和方法等。
■ 上海市计划生育委员会在全国率先更名为“上海市人口和计划生育委员会”，拓展扩大了相关职能。
■ 2000年5月，市委、市政府下发《关于进一步加强人口与计划生育工作的决定》。2006年中共中央、国务院下发《关于全面加强人口和计划生育工作统筹解决人口问题的决定》，市委、市政府也发布了《关于贯彻〈中共中央、国务院关于全面加强人口和计划生育工作统筹解决人口问题的决定〉的意见》。
■ 2001年12月29日，全国人大常委会审议通过《人口与计划生育法》，于2002年9月1日起正式施行。2003年12月，市人大常委会审议通过了《上海市人口与计划生育条例》，并于2004年4月15日起正式施行。此举标志着本市人口计生工作步入了以人口综合调控和综合管理为主要任务的新时期。《条例》明确符合“双方均为独生子女的”等条件之一者，可以安排生育两孩。
■ 2006年3月31日，市政府下发《上海市计划生育奖励与社会保障若干规定》。市人口计生部门与相关部门协调制定的《本市农村部分计划生育家庭奖励扶助制度实施方案》，积极依法落实对实行计划生育群众的奖励待遇。
其间，本市积极探索建立以现居住地为主、流入地与流出地相互配合的流动人口计划生育管理和服务新机制；全面启动上海市人口与计划生育综合管理信息系统项目建设，基本实现了与相关部门在人口基本信息、婚姻信息、新生儿出生信息领域的共享，并逐步完善人口计生公众信息网；开展了避孕节育、生育意愿等专项抽样调查，以探索建立人口与发展综合指标体系，改进计划生育率目标管理考核办法。
在构筑人口与计划生育公共服务体系方面，逐步完善社区人口计生综合服务站(室)功能建设。同时，建立通过政府购买服务的方式，为育龄夫妻免费提供基本项目计生技术服务。本市还建立了人口计生工作新闻发布会制度，向驻沪领馆通报上海人口计生工作情况。
上海在全国率先推出“扶助独生子女困难家庭”专题福利彩票，用于对部分特殊困难的独生子女家庭进行救助；坚持开展的“幸福工程——救助贫困母亲行动”，帮助部分计划生育贫困母亲脱贫致富。
2013年3月，市政府将市卫生局的职责与市人口计生委的计划生育管理和服务职责整合，组建成立“上海市卫生和计划生育委员会”。4月10日市卫生计生委召开计划生育工作专题会议，提出了组织开展违法生育专项治理、扩大免费孕前优生健康检查实事项目扩大覆盖面、综合治理出生人口性别比偏高问题、做好对计划生育特殊困难家庭关心关怀等工作重点。首席记者 施捷
(原标题：上海少生700万人相当于一个香港的人口)
赞