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The author:(作者)hpmailerpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/19 11:38:26 Guangdong leads the abolition of re-education through labour， the expert
Guangdong began a new batch of prisoners this year, the experts recommended that transformation into a force of the separation of rehab
Yangcheng evening news reporter Xue Jianghua correspondent Liu Hongqun
"Abolition of re-education through labour system is a triumph of the rule of law and freedom triumph! "As members of the National Committee of the CPPCC, said Zhu Zhengfu, Vice President of the all China Lawyers Association, the CPC Central Committee on several major issues of comprehensive reform decision specifically called for the abolition of the system of reeducation through labor, its purpose and significance lies in implementation of the constitutional provision" respects and safeguards human rights "this fundamental goal.
In the eyes of many scholars, abolition of the system of reeducation through labor, which contribute to the process of promoting the rule of law in countries and help to strictly implement the "without law making it not a crime," the principle of legality, as well as enhance the present and future of China's civilization, will further raise the level of human rights protection in China.
Old Zhang is reeducation-through-labour system of a victims, has still in Guangdong a Opera homes work of old opera actor ping (pseudonym) has due to inexplicable of causes (in Hong Kong buy back a Deputy printed has nude woman like of Poker entertainment) was sent Guangdong Sanshui farm reeducation-through-labour a years, while he tries to forget this paragraph was of memories, but many people is remember has he of this paragraph history, he lifetime are shuaituo not off "reeducation-through-labour molecular" this top "hat".
However, in the "strike hard", many "old" almost entered the gates of reeducation. In current law, "without law making it not a crime", let alone the deprivation of liberty. But in the past a particular historical period, this sort of thing does happen.
Now, after 56 years of reeducation-through-labour system, finally getting my fate is annulled. "Old" will end the tragedy of? China's massive reeducation-through-labour system go from here? Yesterday, the yangcheng evening news reporter interviewed several of the re-education through labour system in Guangdong Province police, only to find that they did not think the anxiety.
This year Guangdong is no longer increasing prisoners
According to the police said, in the forefront of reform and opening up, Guangdong Province, every year the number of drug addicts in a surge in compulsory detoxification to cope with such personnel, have been busy reeducation-through-labour institutions. Traditional RTL object in the past, has become a modern detention a handful of institutionalization and the crowd.
Reporter noted that, effective June 1, 2008, People's Republic of China started implementation of anti-drug law, the labor camps across the country set off extra fuel "quarantine Rehab makes" winds. When in June, Guangzhou 8 camp took the lead in extra fuel forced isolation Rehab makes.
On the reform of reeducation-through-labour system, Guangdong have gone before. In January 2009, the Guangdong Province re-education through Labour Bureau hung up "drug administration of Guangdong Province" sign. Re-education through Labour Bureau of Guangdong Province at Shi Honghui, the Secretary said the drug administration of Guangdong Province was established to implement the drug control Act, changes the detoxification measures compulsory isolation rehabilitation measures, reeducation-through-labour institutions becomes compulsory isolated drug rehabilitation and drug treatment and rehabilitation work functions. His speech has been developed for reeducation of Guangdong "in transition" and laid the groundwork.
In the community while they shouted abolish reeducation-through-labour system, inside the reeducation-through-labour system, has initiated reforms. Starting from this year, Guangdong's public security is no longer a new batch of prisoners. It is learnt that the reeducation of minor in Guangdong had been empty of people, in order to save costs, many prisoners are set to send to the larger camp.
Detention the police workload does not reduce
Retiring policemen Zhang Leige told reporters next year, regardless of whether the repeal of reeducation-through-labour system, they have a lot of work. The past, they're prisoners now instead of pipes compulsory detoxification, increase not decrease the workload. As a senior detention police officers he saw past that sought to "commit crimes" prisoners easier and less risky--because by comparison, many people with HIV/AIDS in drug users, poor physical fitness, these intangibles increased their pressure of work. It is learnt that as the perfection of the system, used to be a direct rejection of such addicts, Rehab right now must receive, employees gave Zhang Lei, man, great risks.
In the past many years, reeducation poor working environment, low treatment, reeducation-through-labour system has been popular with "sons of offering the sacrifice of youth" tradition. First force the rehab that specializes in southern Guangdong Province Huang Yongfeng is a "family of reeducation-through-labour", his father was an old detention policemen, his desperation to take over his father's mantle. He recalls on century 890 reeducation-through-labour system to some students from coming back, people fled a week. And now, detention police officers joined the civil service series that college students must participate in an army in order to get came in grueling civil service exam, Huang Yongfeng self-deprecating, descendants now wants to offer no opportunities.
Have retired many years of re-education through Labour Bureau of Guangdong Province, former Director General Li Rongwen told reporters that the abolition of re-education through labour system has little impact on Guangdong, because Guangdong has a large number of compulsory detoxification, reeducation forced isolation can be transformed into an addiction, and related work carried out under the Narcotics Act. In some provinces and regions of the country, because few drug, after the re-education through labour system abolition, reeducation-through-labour work they will face enormous challenges. Edit: Qing Mou
1
"CG"
Guangdong Provincial Bureau of re-education through labour, former Director, Vice President of the China Society of reeducation-through-labour Li Rongwen:
Approval process unfair disadvantages are
Text/figure yangcheng evening news reporter Xue Jianghua correspondent Liu Hongqun
Characters introduced Li Rongwen, successively served as Vice Director of Guangdong Province Sanshui farm, Sanshui labor camp Director and Party Secretary of Guangdong Province. From 1990 to re-education through Labour Bureau, Guangdong Province Communist Party Secretary, stepped aside when the reform of 2000. Retiring in 2001, retirement served as Vice President of the China Society of reeducation-through-labour and reeducation-through-labor Institute, Guangdong Province.
In the reeducation-through-labour system, Li Rongwen sacks for 40 years. In September 1961, after graduating from school, was assigned to Li Rongwen Foshan Sanshui farm (predecessor of Sanshui labor camp) under a sugar factory when the technician. The engineering in which young had not, he would work in the reeducation-through-labour system forever, and posts from the grassroots to re-education through Labour Bureau of the province.
Li Rongwen of 73 years in Guangzhou the past few years, now, his unique community identity is the Honorary President of the society of reeducation through labor of Guangdong Province. 17th, at home in Guangzhou Li Rongwen, the spirited old man accepted the yangcheng evening news reporter interview. Difference is envisaged with a journalist, of elderly people to reeducation-through-labour system abolition did not feel frustrated. He took out a book he did in Office has published books, which has an article devoted to the "serious deficiencies in the present system of reeducation-through-labour". As practitioners, Li Rongwen already know from decades of work of the irrationality of the reeducation-through-labour system.
Unable to strike down its rationality
Li Rongwen believes that while the re-education through labour system have now been abolished, but cannot deny it at the positive role played by a particular historical period. In 1955, issued a first report on the "re-education through labour" of red tape, and here is a host object "counter-revolutionaries" and "bad guys" two kinds of people, means "counter-insurgency" cannot be sentenced and politically unsuitable for retention in, will increase unemployment in the community, and has the distinct nature of compulsory education and placement in employment. New regime is not stable at that time, just think one philosopher once said, more serious unemployment situation, detention measures taken place between the two men, to consolidate the new regime, the reduction of unemployment and social unrest, no doubt is of great significance.
Li Rongwen said, some academics in the "anti-rightist struggle" political movement questioning the rationality of re-education through labour, is not comprehensive. He said detention is not started by the rightist struggle, even then, "right" shelter number still is one of the few in the entire detention asylum. From 1957 to 1962, Guangdong Province included receiving reeducation-through-labour "rightists" at 1450, when admissions 62,855 people; and since 1963 has been basically no longer shelter "rightists" re-education through labour. After several "review," zhaimao, 1963 year after remaining in detention places "RTL rightist elements" have less than 300 people, while the country was hosting "right" number of prisoners is 36,000. Visible, rightist enlargement is partial and short-term effect on the reeducation-through-labour system, should not be to strike down the rationality of the existence of the reeducation-through-labor system.
Detention caused by using the object variable "injustices"
Li Rongwen, RTL approval procedures of unfair disadvantages is of reeducation-through-labor system. In the past many years, RTL object approval authority has been in the hands of public security, Li Rongwen believes that this approval process is a closed and lack of checks and balances within the approval procedure, approval procedures, "an exclusive" for the expansion of police power and the possible abuse of the system and laid the problems.
"Detention is a basket, go with anything! "Li Rongwen believes that addressees of reeducation through labor uncertainty, more easily lead to some" wronged and misjudged cases "and now seems incredible things happen. In the early stage of reform and opening up, Guangdong army art troupe has a famous singer, because selling cement is RTL. In the "strike-hard" campaign period, Shenzhen, where there have been more than 100 people were wrong to re-education through labour. Li Rongwen impressed is a case of Shenzhen 3 people on the side of the road trying to hitch, then stopped a car, this car does not have any signs of police cars were police cars, finally, three people for "obstructing justice" being sent to reeducation through labor.
Looking forward to introduce the community correction law
Li Rongwen Office, he travelled to the United States, and Australia, and Japan, and Russia, Europe and searched "correction". In his view, within the re-education through labour system who never ignored the drawbacks of reeducation-through-labour system. Instead, they are struggling to keep pace with, including establishing institutions of civilization, stressed reeducation "education correction" feature, even greater openness of reeducation.
Abolition of re-education through labour system, engage Li Rongwen of comfort in their old age to see the progress of the rule of law, and clapping. The decision rules, also have officers find him, talked about fears for the future, as a reeducation-through-labour workers in 40 years and the old leader, he urged reform of reeducation-through-labour workers now have to face, Guangdong in advancing the reform, and looked forward to playing "the vanguard". He said to them, reeducation-through-labour system was abolished, but there are still a lot of things waiting for you to do it.
Even retired, Li Rongwen devoted 40 years to his drum and reeducation-through-labour work, he authorized detention of people in Guangdong in the management of many exploration and the excellent experience gained. He looked forward to the introduction of the community correction law, and considers that community correction continues to be referred to the justice system to bear. Edit: Qing Mou
"Expert analysis"
Member of the National Committee of the CPPCC, Zhu Zhengfu, Vice President of the all China Lawyers Association:
Restriction of personal freedom program will just
News of the abolition of the system of reeducation-through-labour, Member of the National Committee of the CPPCC, Zhu Zhengfu, Vice President of the all China Lawyers Association is appreciative. 10 years ago, also in Guangdong CPPCC members, Zhu Zhengfu, has proposed to abolish the reeducation-through-labour system. This year, the "two sessions", he proposed to establish the Constitutional Council, establish a constitutional review mechanism, once again, "shelling" detention.??
Zhu Zhengfu said the detention system stems from a specific historical period, its significance and role of, only to that particular era to find them. Zhu Zhengfu believes that this decision made clear to abolish reeducation-through-labour system, stop using them and in due course the question before a different, "stop using the system is still there, abolition was also gone. I think it matters a lot. ”
Reeducation-through-labour system abolition, application of reeducation-through-labour violations before and what should I do? This zhiqian, has scholars advocated directly abolished reeducation-through-labour system, with criminal in the applies Yu misdemeanor of control and detention, penalty method be replaced, will existing reeducation-through-labour places transformation for misdemeanor prison; also has expert recommends retained and strengthened reeducation-through-labour system in the education, and probation and save of content, in reference abroad security disposition system of based Shang, will existing legal in the dispersed provides of forced education, and forced drug, and forced treatment and medical guardianship, content unified up, developed one more full of acts correction of legal.
Zhu Zhengfu, minor criminal offences under the criminal law, existing places of detention could be reworked to light prison or rehab. For minor breaches of the youth, you can apply "method of correcting the violations"-was given a penalty, but not to a particular place of detention, but by the community of certain staff such as community police, judicial staff, educate together.
Zhu Zhengfu believes that regardless of the ideas and suggestions, and have called for the replacement of administrative rules or regulations by law, provide legal support for its restrictions on liberty; unavailable also requires justice to replace the administrative decision, the restriction of personal freedom program to more just.
"Related links"
Reeducation-through-labor system history
In August 1955, the approval of the CPC Central Committee issued the directive completely eliminate hidden counter-revolutionaries. Provisions of the directive, of the counter-insurgency campaign, "inventory of counter-revolutionaries and other bad elements ... ... Enough sentence, but politically not to retain, and increased unemployment in the community, the reeducation-through-labor, was not sentenced, and not entirely lose their freedom, but should also be set up, for national work, issued by the State must pay. " This is our country has issued the first report on "re-education through labour" of red tape.
On August 1, 1957, with the approval of the first session of the Standing Committee of the national people's Congress at its 78th meeting, the State Council promulgated the decision on the question of re-education through labour, for the first time in the form of administrative regulation, establishes the system of reeducation through labor.
In April 1961, the work on current public security, the Ministry of public security to develop ten supplementary provisions on specific policy issues. Pursuant to the regulations, is the duration of two to three years of reeducation through labor, by the reeducation-through-Labour Office "internal control", only to themselves and their families when they host announced for badly behaved prisoners, you can extend the period of work.
In May 1966, the "cultural revolution" started, stopped implementation of the system of reeducation through labor. Some of the prisoners were released; some of the prisoners were transferred to prisons, labour force, administered as criminals. During this period, the "bullpen" is the nickname of the rightist camp. Wind up in "cow" who, personal freedom, freedom of speech is severely restricted, and forced labour.
Later, the reeducation-through-labor system after several additions and changes. In January 1982, when forward a pilot scheme of the Ministry of public security of the re-education through labour system, interrupt the re-education through labour system reopened after 10 years. At this time reeducation-through-labor of object has was adjustment for: "crimes minor, enough criminal sanctions of counter-revolutionary molecular, and anti-party anti-socialist molecular; partnership killing, and Rob, and rape, and set fire to, crime groups in the, enough criminal sanctions of; has rogue, and prostitution, and theft, and fraud, illegal crime acts, incorrigible, enough criminal sanctions of; mob Brawl, and belligerent trouble-makers, and incitement rioted, disrupt social security, and enough criminal sanctions of; has work post, long-term refused to labor, damage discipline, and and constantly vexatious, Disrupt the production order, work order, teaching, research and order, obstructing justice, won't listen and suppress; instigating others to commit a crime, not criminal penalties. "Re-education through labour at this time is not to place employment and contents of moral education, mainly for minor penalties in case of violations.
Since then, the reeducation-through-labour system throughout the new era. Today, Dr of detention issued a notice of decision of the Board, reference these files.
Beginning in the late 20th century, reeducation-through-labour system began to appear "localize" feature. Currently, prisoners of labor camps all over, most remained "assault, larceny, prostitution" of security incidents, such as the victim, in some areas, because the activist petitions be reeducation-through-labour, Guangdong, Yunnan and other areas because of a large number of addicts was a detention.
"The latest follow up"
Start the revocation of the regulations by the State Council program
When the reeducation-through-labour system abolition? Experts said the abolition of re-education through labour system is the decision of the CPC Central Committee, from legal proceedings, current reeducation-through-labor system forwards some approaches are based largely on the public security Ministry and the State Council's decision, in this sense, you need to start the abolition of the law program of the State Council. Following the decision of the third plenary, involving several subjects to the prompt start of the legislative process.
1. the national people's Congress. Re-education through labour is based on according to the decision of the national people's Congress, so to clear denunciation by national people's Congress.
2. the State Council. Re-education through labour is decided by the State Council on approving the Ministry of public security, you need to exercise the powers of the State Council, announced the repeal.
3. the Central politics and Law Committee and the Ministry of public security. Decision of rehabilitation through labour involves Central politics and Law Committee and the approaches and internal regulations of the Ministry of public security, started by them.
4. the national people's Congress Standing Committee. Waste regulation, modified, State needs according to their permissions, but can also be through one-off, package of decisions of the NPC, to repeal the existing provisions relating to detention, so that a more uniform and effective.
Experts say that after the abolition of the system of reeducation through labour of the central decision, subsequent application to quickly activate the corresponding laws and rules and regulations of abolition of the procedure, to formally announce system to an end.
Yangcheng evening news reporter Xue Jianghua Liu Hongqun Editor: Qing Mou
(Original title: Guangdong leads the abolition of re-education through labour experts: to quarantine an addiction)
广东今年开始不再新批劳教人员，专家建议转型为强制隔离戒毒所
羊城晚报记者 薛江华 通讯员 刘洪群
“废止劳教制度是法治的胜利，自由的胜利！”正如全国政协委员、中华全国律师协会副会长朱征夫所言，《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》明确要求废止劳动教养制度，其目的和意义就在于落实宪法规定的“尊重和保障人权”这个根本的目标。
在一众学者眼里，劳动教养制度的废止，既有助于推动国家的法治化进程，又有助于严格贯彻“法无明文规定不为罪”的罪刑法定原则，同时还可以提升当代及未来中国的法治文明，会进一步提高中国的人权保障水平。
老张便是劳教制度的一个受害者，至今仍在广东某粤剧院工作的老粤剧演员张平（化名）曾因莫名的原因（在香港买回一副印有裸体女人像的扑克牌娱乐）被送广东三水农场劳教一年，虽然他试图忘记这段不堪的回忆，但很多人却记住了他的这段历史，他一辈子都甩脱不掉“劳教分子”这顶“帽子”。
然而，在“严打”期间，很多“老张”都险些步入劳教场所的大门。在现在的律师看来，“法无明文规定不为罪”，更何况是剥夺人身自由。但在过去特定的历史时期里，这样的事情确实发生了。
如今，劳教制度存在了56年之后，终于迎来了被废止的命运。“老张们”的悲剧是否会因此终结？中国庞大的劳教系统何去何从？昨天，羊城晚报记者采访了广东几位劳教系统内的干警，却发现他们并没有想象中的焦虑。
今年起广东不再增劳教人员
据干警透露，在广东这个改革开放的前沿之地，吸毒人员数量每年都在激增，光应付这些人员的强制戒毒工作，都已经让劳教机构忙得焦头烂额。至于过去传统意义上的劳教对象，已经成为现代劳教机构收容人群里的一小撮了。
记者注意到，2008年6月1日起，《中华人民共和国禁毒法》开始实施，全国各地的劳教所掀起了加挂“强制隔离戒毒所牌子”之风。时年6月，广州8家劳教所率先加挂了强制隔离戒毒所牌子。
在劳教制度改革上，广东走得更前。2009年1月，广东省劳教局加挂“广东省戒毒管理局”牌子。时任广东省劳教局局长施红辉表示，广东省戒毒管理局的成立是落实《禁毒法》，将劳教戒毒措施改为强制隔离戒毒措施，劳教机构成为强制隔离戒毒和戒毒康复工作职能部门。他的这番讲话，已经为广东劳教场所的“转型”埋下了伏笔。
就在社会各界都在高喊废止劳教制度的时候，劳教系统内部就已经开始着手改革。而从今年开始，广东的公安已经不再新批劳教人员了。据悉，广东一些小的劳教场所已经空无一人，为了节约成本，不少劳教人员被集中送到了大一点的劳教所。
劳教干警称工作量不会减少
明年即将退休的老干警张雷哥告诉记者，无论是否废止劳教制度，他们都得干活。过去，他们管劳教人员，现在，改为管强制戒毒人员，工作量有增没减。作为一个老劳教干警，他反倒觉得过去管那些“作奸犯科”的劳教人员更轻松，风险更小——因为相比较而言，吸毒人员很多患有艾滋病，身体素质差，这些都无形增加了他们的工作压力。据悉，随着制度的完善，过去被直接拒收的这类吸毒人员，现在戒毒所都必须接收，这给张雷哥们带来了巨大的从业风险。
在过去的许多年里，因为劳教场所工作环境差，待遇低，劳教系统一直流行着“献了青春献子孙”这样的传统。在广东省第一强制戒毒所工作的干警黄永丰就是一个“劳教世家”，他的父亲就是一个老劳教干警，他无奈之下接过父亲的衣钵。他回忆，劳教系统上世纪八九十年代去招了一些大学生回来，一个礼拜人都跑光了。而现在，劳教干警加入了公务员系列，不少大学生为了考进来必须参加千军万马过独木桥的公务员考试，黄永丰自嘲，现在想献子孙都没门路。
已经退休多年的广东省劳教局原局长李荣文告诉记者，废止劳教制度对广东的影响并不大，是因为广东有大量的强制戒毒人员，劳教场所可以转型为强制隔离戒毒所，并依据《禁毒法》开展相关工作。而在国内某些省份和地区，因为吸毒人数很少，劳教制度废止后，他们的劳教工作将面临巨大的挑战。 编辑： 牟青
【人物访谈】
广东省劳教局原局长、中国劳教学会副会长李荣文：
审批程序不正当是主要弊端
文/图 羊城晚报记者 薛江华 通讯员 刘洪群
人物介绍 李荣文，先后担任广东省三水农场副场长，广东省三水劳教所所长、党委书记。1990年任广东省劳教局局长、党委书记，2000年机构改革时退居二线。2001年退休，退休后任中国劳教学会副会长，广东省劳动教养学会会长。
在劳教系统，李荣文一干就是40年整。1961年9月从学校毕业后，李荣文就被分配到了佛山三水农场（三水劳教所前身）下属的一间制糖厂当技术员。这个工科出身的年轻人不曾想到，他会在劳教系统干一辈子，并从基层岗位走上省劳教局局长的位置。
73岁的李荣文目前在广州安度晚年，如今，他的唯一社会身份是广东省劳动教养学会名誉会长。17日，在李荣文广州的家里，这位精神矍铄的老人接受了羊城晚报记者的专访。与记者预想不同的是，老人家对于劳教制度的废止并没有感到失落。他拿出了一本他在职期间出版的著作，其中有一篇文章专门阐述了“现行劳教制度存在的严重缺陷”。作为从业人士，李荣文早已从几十年的工作中切身体会到了劳教制度的不合理性。
不能全盘否定其存在合理性
李荣文认为，虽然劳教制度如今被废止，但不能因此否定了它在特定历史时期所发挥的积极作用。1955年中央出台第一份关于“劳动教养”的红头文件，而当时的收容对象是“反革命分子”和“坏分子”两种人，是指“肃反”中不能判刑而政治上又不适于留用，放到社会上又会增加失业的人，具有鲜明的强制教育和安置就业的性质。在当时新生政权还不稳固，正处于百废待兴，失业比较严重的情况下，采取劳教措施安置这两种人，对于巩固新生政权，减少失业和社会不安定因素，无疑具有重要意义。
李荣文说，有的学者以“反右斗争”等政治运动的影响质疑劳动教养存在的合理性，并不全面。他说，劳教制度并非发端于反右斗争，即使在当时，“右派”收容数量在整个劳教收容中仍然是少数。广东省从1957年至1962年计收容劳教“右派分子”为1450人，而当时的收容人数达62855人；并且从1963年起已基本不再收容“右派分子”劳动教养。经过多次“评审”摘帽，1963年后余下仍在劳教场所的“劳教右派分子”已不足300人，而当时全国收容的“右派”劳教人员数量为3.6万。可见，反右扩大化对劳教制度的影响是局部的、短期的，不应以此全盘否定劳动教养制度存在的合理性。
劳教使用对象不定易致“冤案”
在李荣文看来，劳教审批程序的不正当是劳动教养制度存在的主要弊端。在过去的许多年里，劳教对象的审批权一直在公安手里，李荣文认为，这种审批程序是一种非公开而又缺乏制衡的内部审批程序，审批程序的“一家独尊”，为警察权的扩张和制度的可能被滥用埋下了隐患。
“劳教是个筐，什么都往里装！” 李荣文认为，劳动教养适用对象的不确定，更容易导致一些“冤假错案”和发生一些在现在看来匪夷所思的事情。在改革开放初期，广东某部队文工团有个著名的歌唱家，因为倒卖水泥被劳教过。在“严打”时期，深圳曾出现过100多人被错送劳动教养的事情。李荣文印象很深刻的一个案例是，深圳3个市民在路边想搭顺风车，于是就拦截了一辆车，可这辆并没有任何警用标志的车却是警车，最后，这三个人因“妨碍公务”被送去劳动教养。
期待出台《社区矫治法》
李荣文在职期间，他先后去过美国、澳大利亚、日本、俄罗斯、欧洲考察过“矫正制度”。在他看来，劳教系统内部的人士从来都没有无视过劳教制度的弊端。相反，他们一直都在努力做到与时俱进，包括创建文明监所，强调劳教所“教育矫治”功能，甚至加大劳教场所的开放程度。
废止劳教制度，让已经安度晚年的李荣文看到了法治的进步，并为此鼓掌。在《决定》出台后，也有干部找到他，谈了对未来的担忧，作为一个从业40年的劳教工作者和老领导，他告诫现在的劳教工作者要积极面对改革，并期待广东在推进这项改革中担当“排头兵”。他对他们说，劳教制度虽然被废止了，但仍有很多事情等着你们去做。
即便退休了，李荣文仍然为他所奉献了40年的劳教工作鼓与呼，他认可广东劳教人在管理上做出的许多探索和所积累的优秀经验。他期待《社区矫治法》的出台，并认为社区矫治的工作继续交由司法系统来承担。 编辑： 牟青
【专家解读】
全国政协委员、中华全国律师协会副会长朱征夫：
限制人身自由程序将更公正
废止劳教制度的消息传出，全国政协委员、中华全国律师协会副会长朱征夫深感欣慰。10年前，还是广东省政协委员时，朱征夫就曾提议废除劳教制度。今年全国“两会”上，他提议设宪法委员会，建立宪法审查机制，再次“炮轰”劳教。？？
朱征夫表示，劳教制度产生于特定的历史时期，它的意义和作用，只能到那个特定的年代去寻找。朱征夫认为，这次中央作出的决定明确提出要废止劳教制度，与之前所提出的适时停止使用不同，“停止使用，制度还在那里，废止就是制度也没有了。我觉得这个意义非凡。”
劳教制度废止了，以前适用劳教处理的违法行为又该怎么办？在此之前，有学者主张直接废除劳教制度，用刑法中适用于轻罪的管制和拘役等刑罚方法加以取代，将现有劳教场所改造为轻罪监狱；也有专家建议保留和强化劳教制度中教育、感化和挽救的内容，在借鉴国外保安处分制度的基础上，将现行法律中分散规定的强制教育、强制戒毒、强制治疗和医疗监护等内容统一起来，制定一部较完整的行为矫治的法律。
在朱征夫看来，轻微的刑事犯罪按刑法处理，现有的劳教场所则可以改成轻型监狱或戒毒所。对于有轻微违法行为的青少年，可以适用“违法行为矫治法”——就是给予一定的处罚，但不关押到特定的场所，而是由社区的特定的工作人员如社区民警、司法工作人员，一起进行教育。
朱征夫认为，不管何种主张和建议，都要求以法律取代行政法规或规章，使其对人身自由的限制有合法的依据；用时也要求以司法审判程序取代行政决定程序，使限制人身自由的程序更加公正。
【相关链接】
劳动教养制度沿革
1955年8月，中共中央批准下发《关于彻底肃清暗藏反革命分子的指示》。《指示》规定，对当时的肃反运动中“清查出来的反革命分子和其他坏分子……不够判刑、而政治上又不适用于继续留用，放到社会上又增加失业的，则进行劳动教养，就是虽不判刑，虽不完全失去自由，但亦应集中起来，替国家做工，由国家发给一定的工资”。这是我们国家出台的第一份有关“劳动教养”的红头文件。
1957年8月1日，经第一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第78次会议批准，国务院出台《关于劳动教养问题的决定》，第一次以行政法规的形式，确立了劳动教养制度。
1961年4月，公安部制定《关于当前公安工作十个具体政策问题的补充规定》。依据该《规定》，劳动教养的期限是两年到三年，由劳教机关“内部掌握”，只在收容时向本人及其家属宣布；对表现不好的劳教人员，可以延长劳动期限。
1966年5月，“文化大革命”开始，劳动教养制度停止实施。一部分劳教人员被释放；一部分劳教人员被转移到监狱、劳改队，当作罪犯进行管理。在此期间，“牛棚”是右派分子的劳教所的别称。被关入“牛棚”的人，人身自由、言论自由都受到严格限制，并被强制劳动。
后来，劳动教养制度几经补充和修改。到1982年1月国务院转发公安部《劳动教养制度试行办法》时，劳动教养制度中断10年后重新启用。此时劳动教养的对象已经被调整为：“罪行轻微，不够刑事处分的反革命分子、反党反社会主义分子；结伙杀人、抢劫、强奸、放火等犯罪团伙中，不够刑事处分的；有流氓、卖淫、盗窃、诈骗等违法犯罪行为，屡教不改，不够刑事处分的；聚众斗殴、寻衅滋事、煽动闹事等扰乱社会治安、不够刑事处分的；有工作岗位，长期拒绝劳动，破坏劳动纪律，而又不断无理取闹，扰乱生产秩序，工作秩序，教学科研和生活秩序，妨碍公务，不听劝告和制止的；教唆他人违法犯罪，不够刑事处分的。”此时的劳动教养已经完全没有安置就业和品德教育的内容，而主要是对轻微违法行为的处罚手段了。
此后，劳教制度贯穿整个新时期。今天，各地劳教委签发的劳教决定通知书，引用的仍然是这些文件。
20世纪末期开始，劳教制度开始呈现“地方化”特点。目前，各地劳教所的被劳教人员，多数仍然是“打架斗殴，偷鸡摸狗，卖淫嫖娼”等治安事件的事主，有的地区因为维权上访被劳教，广东、云南等地区因为出现大量吸毒人员而被劳教。
【最新跟进】
由国务院启动法规的废止程序
劳教制度何时废止？专家表示，废止劳教制度是党中央的决定，从法律程序来说，现行的劳动教养制度主要是依据公安部的一些办法以及国务院批转的办法的决定，从这个意义上来说，需要国务院来启动法规的废止程序。三中全会的决定之后，要涉及几个主体来迅速启动立法程序。
1.全国人大。有些劳动教养的依据是根据全国人大常委会的决定，所以要通过全国人大来明确宣布废止。
2.国务院。有的劳动教养是通过国务院批转公安部的决定，需要通过国务院来行使权力，宣布废止。
3.中央政法委和公安部。还有的劳动教养决定涉及中央政法委和公安部的办法和内部规章，要通过他们来启动。
4.全国人大常委会。虽然法规的废、改、立需要按照各自的权限来进行，但也可以通过全国人大常委会一次性、一揽子决定，对现有的关于劳教的规定进行废止，这样更加统一和有效。
专家表示，中央作出废止劳动教养制度的决定后，后续的实施要迅速激活相应的法律法规和规章的废止程序，来正式宣布制度的终结。
羊城晚报记者 薛江华 刘洪群编辑： 牟青
（原标题：粤领跑废止劳教 专家:转为强制隔离戒毒所）
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