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The author:(作者)hpmailerpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/19 11:47:29 Landscape forest Lake unified management， Ministry of the environment or change to be introduced next year two
Zhang Ke
XI Jinping recently, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee on several major issues of comprehensive reform decision made note, stated that "landscape forest Lake is a community of life ... ... Use control and ecological restoration must follow the laws of nature, if you just plant a tree to plant trees, water management water management, nursing field nursing of pure Tin, it is easy to neglect, ultimate eco-systemic destruction caused. ”
XI noted that "all land within a Department which is responsible for territory space use control functions, unified protection, uniform repair Lake Forest landscape is essential. ”
In this regard, the Ministry of environmental protection, experts told the China business news said in an interview with a reporter, which means that environmental protection has long been brewing "big shift" have reached consensus at the top, "probably next March the country ' two sessions ' period, ' most of the system ' will be settled. ”
However, a specialist in Home Ministry believes that this "sector" may be the Ministry of land and resources, may also be classified in the national development and Reform Commission, but more likely was to set up a high-level Committee, leading the thing, for the time being, a Ministry not to do these things.
Environmental protection "of the system"
Most of the system is characterized by the expansion of a managed by the Department of business, linked to a variety of content services under one Ministry, minimize overlapping functions of Government, poor co-ordination, and overlapping management, so as to improve administrative efficiency.
For environmental protection "of the system" will incorporate what functions, Zhou shengxian, Minister of environmental protection in a speech at the 13th, to disclose relevant information.
In day held of China environment and development international cooperation Committee 2013 annual Shang, Zhou shengxian revealed, current advance ecological environmental protection management system reform has five a focus, including established unified regulatory all pollutants emissions of environmental protection management system, independent for environment regulatory and administrative law enforcement; established land sea integrated of ecological system protection repair and pollution control regional linkage mechanism; sound State forest operating management system, perfect collective forest right system reform,.
Reporter noted that, over the years, in a speech at the Ministry of environmental protection, referring to the State Oceanic Administration, within the mandate on the protection of the marine ecosystem, and state forestry administration duties within the scope of forestry ecological system protection and even the forest tenure reform, this is the first time.
Reporters interviewed a number of experts suggested that in the design of most of the system of environmental protection, Ministry of land and resources, state forestry administration, State Oceanic Administration and the Ministry of water resources, inter alia, functions relating to environmental protection, pollution prevention and control should be included in environmental protection "of the system" mandates, even the responsibility of the national development and Reform Commission is currently responsible for carbon dioxide emissions.
On this basis, to form a "Department of environment". This body will be consolidated within the regulatory scope of land and all the emission of pollutants, and is responsible for the unified protection and unity of landscape and forest Lake restoration.
Multi-sectoral functions cross
An unnamed official source told this newspaper that, for more than 30 years, our land development, administration, supervision and protection of disorder, too much debt. However, involved, Environment Protection Department, Ministry of finance, national development and Reform Commission, Ministry of agriculture, forestry and other sectors, and effective coordination, there is a need to establish a direct responsibility for the Department.
At present, China's environmental protection functions are divided into three main areas: fragmented responsibilities for pollution prevention in the marine and port authority, fisheries, fishery monitoring, military environmental protection, public security, traffic, railway, civil aviation and other departments; resource conservation functions scattered in sectors such as mining, forestry, agriculture, water conservancy, and integrated control management functions scattered in national development and Reform Commission, finance, economy and trade (letter), land Department. Environmental issues tend to involve the rights and interests of various sectors, industries and regions adjust.
"China has entered a period of high risk environment, however, as a primary responsibility of China's environmental protection sector, faced with numerous departmental embarrassment of overlapping functions and responsibilities are not clear. "Pan Yue, Vice Minister of the Ministry of environmental protection had suggested that China's environmental problems are problems, there must be mechanisms for integrated management and achieve comprehensive unity of power. Because I can't just above set up a coordinating mechanism, for coordinating the various sectoral interests, and should have the ultimate power to award.
There are different laws and regulations, "fight". 12th of the 2002 revision of the water law stipulates: "the water Administrative Department under the State Council shall be responsible for the unified management of water resources and monitoring of work." In my environment administration institutions in the, formed has three a "control" sector: a is environmental law under 7th article authorized of environmental sector, on environmental protection work implementation unified supervision management; II is 1998 established of Homeland resources department, competent national land, and mineral resources, and waters, natural resources of unified supervision management work; three is water administrative competent sector, is responsible for national water resources of unified management and supervision work. This long "control" system leads to everyone is "lacking" sectors, nobody who refuses.
(Reporter Liu Zhanchao, Shao Haipeng also contribute)
(Edit: SN091)November 18, 2013 First financial daily(山水林田湖统一管护 环保大部制或明年两会落定|环保|大部制|山水_新闻资讯
章轲
中共中央总书记习近平日前就《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》作说明时指出，“山水林田湖是一个生命共同体……用途管制和生态修复必须遵循自然规律，如果种树的只管种树、治水的只管治水、护田的单纯护田，很容易顾此失彼，最终造成生态的系统性破坏。”
习近平指出，“由一个部门负责领土范围内所有国土空间用途管制职责，对山水林田湖进行统一保护、统一修复是十分必要的。”
对此，环境保护部有关专家在接受《第一财经日报》记者采访时表示，这意味着酝酿已久的环保“大部制”已在高层达成共识，“可能在明年3月全国‘两会’期间，环保‘大部制’就会落定。”
不过，一位国土部专家认为，这“一个部门”可能是国土资源部，也可能归在国家发改委，但更大的可能是成立一个更高规格的委员会，去统领这件事情，目前来说，一个部委不太能做好这些事情。
环保“大部制”
大部制的特点是扩大一个部所管理的业务范围，把多种内容有联系的事务交由一个部管辖，最大限度地避免政府职能交叉、政出多门、多头管理，从而提高行政效率。
对于环保“大部制”将会纳入哪些职能，环保部部长周生贤在13日的一次讲话中，透露了相关信息。
在当日召开的中国环境与发展国际合作委员会2013年年会上，周生贤透露，当前推进生态环境保护管理体制改革有五个重点，包括建立统一监管所有污染物排放的环境保护管理制度，独立进行环境监管和行政执法；建立陆海统筹的生态系统保护修复和污染防治区域联动机制；健全国有林区经营管理体制，完善集体林权制度改革等。
记者注意到，多年来，在环保部领导的讲话中，谈及国家海洋局职责范围内的海洋生态系统保护问题，以及国家林业局职责范围内的林业生态系统保护甚至是林权改革问题，这是第一次。
记者采访的多位专家建议，在环保大部制的设计中，国土资源部、国家林业局、国家海洋局和水利部等机构有关生态保护、污染防治的职能应该纳入环保“大部制”职责范围，甚至包括发改委目前负责的二氧化碳减排的职责。
在此基础上，组建“生态环境部”。这一机构将统一监管国土范围内所有污染物的排放，并负责山水林田湖的统一保护和统一修复。
多部门职能交叉
一位不愿透露姓名的官方人士对本报表示，30多年来，我国的国土开发、管理、监督、保护方面秩序混乱，欠账太多。但是，其中涉及的农业部、环保部、财政部、发改委、林业局等部门，又无法有效协调，很有必要建立一个直接负责部门。
目前，我国的环保职能分割为三大方面：污染防治职能分散在海洋、港务监督、渔政、渔业监督、军队环保、公安、交通、铁道、民航等部门；资源保护职能分散在矿产、林业、农业、水利等部门；综合调控管理职能分散在发改委、财政、经贸(工信)、国土等部门。环境问题往往涉及各部门、行业和地区的权力和利益调整。
“中国已进入环境高风险期，然而，作为中国环保的主要责任部门，却面临着与众多部门职能交叉、权责不清的尴尬。”环保部副部长潘岳此前撰文称，中国的环境问题是综合问题，必须要有综合管理的机制，达到综合权能的统一。实在不行就在上面设一个大协调机制，协调各部门的利益关系，并且还应有最终裁断权。
而不同的法律法规也存在“打架”现象。如2002年修订的《水法》第12条规定：“国务院水行政主管部门负责全国水资源的统一管理和监督工作”。在我国环境行政管理机构中，形成了三个“统管”部门：一是《环保法》第7条授权的环保部门，对环境保护工作实施统一监督管理；二是1998年成立的国土资源部，主管全国土地、矿产资源、海域等自然资源的统一监督管理工作；三是水行政主管部门，负责全国水资源的统一管理和监督工作。这种多头“统管”的体制导致了大家都是“统管”部门，谁也不服谁。
(记者刘展超、邵海鹏亦有贡献)
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