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The author:(作者)hpmailerpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/19 11:54:43 Voices of limited property rights to positive again， farmers said that 1 million does not dry
According to 18 adopted by the third plenary session of the CPC Central Committee's decision on deepen reform of major issues (referred to in the decision), establishment of urban and rural construction land market of the United. "' Property ' till" the wind has once again. But experts say that the reform direction of the decision to solve the "houses with limited property rights" provides a lot of principle, "houses with limited property rights" till faces a number of problems to be solved, and does not immediately "following till".
Required relevant departments to study specific solutions
The decision made, counseled, and in line with the planning and control, allowing rural collective construction land, leasing, investment, implemented with State-owned right of equal access to land, with the same price.
Reporter noted that, in the decision on the collective representation, there is no mention of "property". In this regard, the HS Secretary-General Chen Zhi in Beijing believes that the decision is made by direction of the reform, including land reform, and "houses with limited property rights" is just one of the specific issues, so the decision will not talk about how to resolve "small property" such a specific question.
"' Property ' issue also requires relevant departments in accordance with the spirit of the decision, to study specific solutions. "Chen Zhi said that in the long run, the" property "issue must be resolved.
"Property conversion" must first Dharma
However, in the view of Chen Zhi, "small property" regularization does not immediately achieved, as it also faces many challenges need to be addressed.
One of the biggest problems is the legal barriers, provided for in the Constitution of the land collectively owned by all and for all, of all forms. But according to the existing law on land management, land belonging to the rural collective economic organizations, the villagers built only on the Homestead, you may not rent, buying, selling or trading in disguise.
"If the ' property ' to positive, it is necessary to amend the law, otherwise, positive behavior is a violation of. "Chen Zhi said that viewed from the spirit manifested in the decision, is a very clear principle of rule of law. So even "small property" regularized, must also be trying to fix the law.
In practice, the "property" positive is also faced with many of the specific issues. "If the ' conversions ', before that sale of ' property ' of how to define and punish? This is definitely a violation, if the simple ' conversions ', would be tantamount to recognition of prior violations. "Chen Zhi said. In addition, he believes that "property" if positive, it would also have to pay land revenue to pay a certain amount of, inter alia, the price, so how much additional thresholds, defining the time limit where? These need to be clear.
In depth
Many "small property"
"Property" refers to the farmers to build houses on the land, such as failure to pay land leasing fees, property right certificate was not issued by the State Housing Department, but by the township or village government issued, so called "rural property", also known as "property".
Small property there and even the "prosperity" of history, is inextricably linked to urban property prices jumped. Small property become the focus of attention, is starting in 2007, and this year is rising house prices entered a fast year.
In June of that year, the Ministry of construction issued a "risk buying tips" to remind city residents not to buy in the collective construction of houses on the land or house property right registration will not be able, promises to handle some project "rural property", "property", are not in conformity with the law.
Although the authorities clear, but some rural collective organizations are constantly playing "houses with limited property rights" idea, "houses with limited property rights" has become a series of problems. In Beijing, Tongzhou, zhangjiawan, became the focus of "small property" focused areas.
Against the investigation, "property", from the country to Beijing has been adopting a high-handed policy. Ministry quarterly listing supervision in cases of illegal land use, are basically on the "small property" investigation. And Beijing was completed in 2007 in zhangjia Bay town, and Liulihe town in Fangshan district illegal land-building "property".
It is understood that the 2008 Ministry began to study the development of limited property rights associated with the. Had also waited around the broad principles of the Ministry to determine their approach.
The first half of 2012, Beijing began a concentrated cleaning rectification "small property". In September of that year released its first 79 "houses with limited property rights" project, this June and released the second batch of 6 projects.
This time, however, Beijing "houses with limited property rights" of the storm, and mainly under construction and sale of "limited property rights housing" project, sold "small property" because of the complexity, in terms of handling, the Government was more cautious.
The confrontation
Dang Guoying
"Never valid to legitimate trend is"
Dang Guoying, a researcher at the Institute of Academy of rural development believes that if literally range, rural business construction land is actually very small, even if all market, will not impact the present land markets. However, Dang Guoying believes that planning and control have a lot of questions right now. Now, although the introduction of town and country planning Act, rural planning remains very casual, if you do not modify the Planning Act, then the rural areas according to their own interests, feel free to modify the plan, allows hundreds of thousands of villages to the market.
In addition, Dang Guoying believes that the decision rules, likely to lead to a large number of rural "property" legal buildings. Dang Guoying believes that this is the reform of the general trend, even if illegal, but under the trend of the reform, made some illegal things legitimate, is a kind of reconciliation, "was part of the farmers to get some interest. Reform should not only care about this. ”
Watson
"Houses with limited property rights into social justice"
Economists think Watson, houses with limited property rights is not consistent with the spirit of the rule of law, he doesn't think much of houses with limited property rights to positive, if houses with limited property rights to positive in encouraging illegal, have a fabuzezhong effect of illusion.
Watson wrote in his blog, covers limited property rights housing the vast majority of peasant farmers is not the vast rural areas, but the Aboriginal village in the city and suburbs. In use and under planning control, planning is the money benefiting Aboriginal land right to free flow into the city, or even undermine social justice, as well as the vast majority of the population outside of squeeze and hurt farmers ' interests in the city.
Li Changping, a researcher at Hebei University of China rural development research centre believes that in the case of no changes in the law, it should strictly enforce the law, the investigation found the punishment to punishment. If not now dealing with "property", but all at once, "conversion", which implies a violation of existing laws, legalization of all illegal, "could have serious consequences. ”
Visit
So Jade Garden of indigenous villagers do not want to "positive"
At tuqiao, Tongzhou district, near a suburban railway station is the Jade Garden, residential areas in Beijing and the country's largest property is known. Lotus too Jade Garden is a resident of the Western, 2009, she is at 4,000 yuan per square meter price here bought a second-hand, evidence is one of the village "red".
She recalls that when preparing to buy a House when you have concerns here because, after all, is a small property, no formal title. After much asking, she learned that there is also a zhangwancun of local residents, and was told that although it is a small property, but also construction of "recognition", considering the low price, I bought it.
Too Western bought much earlier Jade Garden. In 2006, prices here was more than 2000 Yuan, Zhang says, "follow this plenary session, said the establishment of property right circulation in rural areas, I was a lot more relieved. "He said, if" regularized ", of course, but better.
Lotus also expressed similar views, although there are no plans to sell the House, but hope that the new policy could make it houses with limited property rights into property rights, according to her estimates, "positive" owners pay property may be subject to land transfer, "about 100,000 is acceptable, more on the point. ”
Several around 2003, moved in too Jade Garden zhangwancun villagers do not think so, "positive" House after listing, but it does not make much sense for them, "we are the natives, the House himself, now property of heating fee, live very well, if the transfer of the property rights to pay, you might as well not go. ”
Too Jade Garden zhangwancun villagers who lived in said upstairs because of renovation of old villages, land replacement and, in his view, if the House into a large property on the market, village committees should bring them to the relevant compensation. "I'm not willing to transfer, give me 1 million, I'm not doing. "The villagers said.
This Edition section/HP coated Beijing news reporters Aerodyne Zhao Li Zhu Zijie (original title: experts say the small property does not immediately "regularized")
新京报讯 十八届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》(简称《决定》)提出，建立城乡统一的建设用地市场。“‘小产权房’转正”的风声也随之再起。不过专家表示，《决定》中的改革方向对于解决“小产权房”问题提供了大的原则，但“小产权房”的转正面临着诸多需要解决的问题，并不会立即“跟风转正”。
需相关部门研究具体解决方法
《决定》提出，在符合规划和用途管制前提下，允许农村集体经营性建设用地出让、租赁、入股，实行与国有土地同等入市、同权同价。
记者注意到，在《决定》关于集体土地的表述中，并没有提及“小产权房”。对此，北京市房协秘书长陈志认为，《决定》提出的是改革的方向，包括土地制度改革的方向，而“小产权房”只是其中的一个具体问题，因此《决定》不会谈及如何解决“小产权房”这样具体的问题。
“具体到‘小产权房’的问题，还需要相关部门根据《决定》的精神，研究具体的解决办法。”陈志说，从长远看，“小产权房”问题肯定要解决。
“小产权房转正”须先修法
不过，在陈志看来，“小产权房”的转正并不会立即得以实现，因为它还面临着诸多难题需要解决。
其中最大的问题就是法律上的障碍，《宪法》中规定的土地所有形式只有全民所有和集体所有。而且按照现行的《土地管理法》，宅基地属于农村集体经济组织所有，村民只能在宅基地上建造房屋，不能出租、买卖或变相买卖。
“那如果‘小产权房’转正，就必须要修改法律，否则转正的行为就是违法的。”陈志说，从《决定》体现的精神看，依法治国是一个很明确的原则。因此即便“小产权房”转正，也必须是在修法之后。
在实际操作过程中，“小产权房”的转正也面临很多具体问题。“如果‘转正’，那之前买卖‘小产权房’的行为如何界定和处罚？这肯定是违法行为，如果简单的‘转正’，就等于承认了之前的违法行为。”陈志说。此外，他认为，“小产权房”如果转正，那势必还要采取补交土地收益等方式补交一定的价款，那么补交的金额标准多少，时限界定在哪里？这些都需要明确。
纵深
屡打不绝的“小产权房”
“小产权房”是指在农民集体土地上建设的房屋，未缴纳土地出让金等费用，其产权证不是由国家房管部门颁发，而是由乡政府或村政府颁发，所以叫做“乡产权房”，又叫“小产权房”。
小产权房出现乃至“繁荣”的历史，与城市房价蹿升密不可分。小产权房成为社会关注的热点，是从2007年开始的，而这一年也正是房价上涨迈入快速之年。
当年6月，建设部发布了一份“买房风险提示”，特别提醒城市居民不要购买在集体土地上建设的房屋，否则将无法办理房屋产权登记，有些项目允诺办理的“乡产权”“小产权”，都不符合法律规定。
尽管主管部门明确表态，但全国一些农村集体组织还是不断在打“小产权房”的主意，各地的“小产权房”也成为屡打不绝的问题。在北京，通州区张家湾等地成为了媒体关注的“小产权房”集中区域。
对于打击查处“小产权房”，从国家到北京也一直采取高压政策。国土部每季度的挂牌督办土地违法案件中，基本上都有对“小产权房”的查处。而北京也在2007年就完成了对通州张家湾镇和房山琉璃河镇非法占地建设“小产权房”的处理。
据了解，2008年国土部开始研究制定小产权房的相关处理意见。各地此前也在等待着国土部的大原则来确定各自的处理办法。
2012年上半年，北京开始了集中清理整治“小产权房”。当年9月公布了首批79个“小产权房”项目，今年6月又公布了第二批6个项目。
不过，这次北京对于“小产权房”的风暴，刮向的主要是在建和在售的“小产权房”项目，而已售的“小产权房”由于情况复杂，在处理方面，政府还是较为谨慎。
交锋
党国英
“从不合法到合法是大势所趋”
社科院农村发展研究所研究员党国英认为，如果按照字面的范围，农村经营性建设用地实际上规模很小，就算全部入市，也不会对目前的土地市场造成冲击。但是，党国英认为，现在的规划和用途管制有很多问题。我国现在虽然出台城乡规划法，但乡村规划仍非常随意，如果不修改规划法，那么农村可能就按照自己的利益，随意修改规划，使得几十万行政村都可以入市。
另外，党国英认为，《决定》出台后，有可能导致大量农村“小产权房”成为合法的建筑。党国英认为，这是改革大势所趋，虽然原来不合法，但是改革的大势所趋之下，让原来一些不合法的事情变得合法，也是一种和解，“无非是一部分农民得到一些利益。改革不应只计较这个。”
华生
“小产权房入市破坏社会公正”
经济学家华生认为，小产权房不符合法治国家的精神，他并不看好小产权房转正，如果小产权房转正那就是在鼓励违法，让人产生法不责众的错觉。
华生在其博客中写道，能盖小产权房的农民不是广大农村的绝大多数农民，而是城中村和城郊的原住民。在用途和规划管制下，规划就是钱，原住民的土地无权自由流转入市获益，否则，既破坏了社会公正，也是对占人口绝大多数的外来进城农民利益的挤压和伤害。
河北大学中国乡村建设研究中心研究员李昌平认为，在没有修改法律的情况下，就应该严格执行法律，该查处就查处，该处罚得处罚。如果现在不处理“小产权房”，而是一下子全部“转正”，这就意味着违反现有法律，把一切违法合法化，“会带来严重的后果。”
探访
太玉园小区 原住村民不愿“转正”
位于通州区土桥城铁站附近的太玉园小区，以北京乃至全国最大的小产权房住宅区而闻名。国芙蓉是太玉园西区的一名居民，2009年，她以4000元每平米的价格在这里购得一套二手房，房产证是村里发的一个“红本”。
她回忆，当年准备在这里买房时心里有所顾虑，因为毕竟是小产权，没有正规的产权证。经过多方打听，她得知这里也住有张湾村的本地居民，还听人说虽然是小产权，但也得到建委的“承认”，考虑到低廉的价格，就买了下来。
住在太玉园西区的张先生买得更早。2006年时，这里的房价才2000多元，张先生称，“关注了这次三中全会，一说建立农村产权流转，我心里就踏实多了。”他表示，如果能“转正”，当然更好不过。
国芙蓉也表达类似看法，虽然目前没有要卖掉房子的打算，但仍希望新政策能使小产权房转成大产权，据她估计，“转正”可能会让业主补缴大产权房应当缴纳的土地出让金，“10万左右可以接受，再多就不行了。”
而几位2003年前后搬进太玉园的张湾村村民并不这样认为，“转正”后房子虽然可以上市交易，但这对他们来说并无多大意义，“我们就是本地人，房子自己住，现在不用交物业采暖费，住着挺好，如果转大产权要交钱，还不如不转。”
另一位住在太玉园的张湾村村民称，当时搬上楼是因为旧村改造，等于用宅基地置换而成，他认为，如果房子转为大产权推向市场，村委会应该对他们进行相关补偿。“我才不愿意转，给我100万我都不干。”这位村民说。
本版稿件/新京报记者 马力 涂重航 赵力 朱自洁(原标题：专家称小产权房不会马上“转正”)
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